• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.202-212
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• 2005

This study was aimed at rating the existing work environment noise components and alternatives in point of worker's view. To answer the purpose, AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method is adopted in this research. Based on the AHP method, this research abstracts a mathematically rigorous noise components and alternative's weights and proven process for priority and decision-making. By reconstructing complex hearing conservation programs to a series of pair-wise comparisons, and then synthesizing the results, this study not only helps establishments of noise countermeasure, but also provides a clear rationale for noise alternatives. The result of this study is summarized as follows; 1) Job satisfaction index and noise identification index are 63, 56 respectively. 2) Noise level(15.7%), frequency(14.1%) and directivity(13.6%) are main reasons in worker's ground. 3) There are some difference between the estimation of worker's identification and that of work sites. 4) Low noise machine(14.7%), enclosure(13.2%) and shielding(9.6%) are chosen for noise protection method by workers. 5) Noise environment improvement should be focused on noise source rather than personal protection. 6) By the AHP method, noise source countermeasure have a key role at work environments.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제41권7호
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• pp.953-968
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• 2009

It is important to accurately predict the temperature and density distributions in large stratified enclosures both for design optimization and accident analysis. Current reactor system analysis codes only provide lumped-volume based models that can give very approximate results. Previous scaling analysis has shown that stratified mixing processes in large stably stratified enclosures can be described using one-dimensional differential equations, with the vertical transport by jets modeled using integral techniques. This allows very large reductions in computational effort compared to three-dimensional CFD simulation. The BMIX++ (Berkeley mechanistic MIXing code in C++) code was developed to implement such ideas. This paper summarizes major models for the BMIX++ code, presents the two-plume mixing experiment simulation as one validation example, and describes the codes' application to the liquid salt buffer pool system in the AHTR (Advanced High Temperature Reactor) design. Three design options have been simulated and they exhibit significantly different stratification patterns. One of design options shows the mildest thermal stratification and is identified as the best design option. This application shows that the BMIX++ code has capability to provide the reactor designers with insights to understand complex mixing behavior with mechanistic methods. Similar analysis is possible for liquid-metal cooled reactors.

• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.257-266
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• 2008

AHydrogen induced cracking (HIC) was phenomenologically studied in terms of the effect of nonmetallic inclusions and hot rolling process parameters. By comparing the level of non-metallic inclusions in two different kinds of commercial grade steels having different HIC resistance, the role of non-metallic inclusions in HIC occurrence was investigated. Change in inclusion morphology and distribution during hot rolling was also studied throughout slab, rolling at austenite recrystallization region (roughing mill; RM) and rolling at austenite non-recrystallization region (finish mill; FM). In addition, the contribution of RM and FM parameters to HIC was investigated from the standpoint of change in inclusion morphology during hot rolling processes. As a result, HIC was closely related to the separation of large complex inclusion during hot rolling process. Large complex inclusions originated from the improper Ca treatment, after which equilibrium composition of slag should have resulted in eutectoid composition. By controlling the equilibrium slag composition equivalent to eutectoid one, HIC resistance could be improved due to the reduced size of inclusions. In addition, change in reduction/pass in RM had an effect on HIC resistance of steels while that in FM did not. Increase in the reduction/pass in the latter stage of RM improved HIC resistance of steels by enhancing the void enclosure around inclusions.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2014

It was early in the $20^{th}$ century when the space was begun to say through the mutual circumstances of form and contents. Adrian Forty explained that the characteristics of space can be divided into three steps by the period: a space of enclosure, a space as continuum and a space as an extension of the body. And there is common condition that all three spaces are accompanied by the form. In the new thinking of architectural form in terms of text in modern society, architecture becomes to more complex to understanding. Saying that there is nothing outside text (Il n'y a rien en dehors du text.) in the world, Jacques Derrida insisted the world to be texted and not to be special centrality, where can be existed by difference and delay its meaning. Text is the structural meaning (sign), not a metaphorical one (symbol). Without the symbol, the architecture can be recognized as text with signing to the form. For that, there is a question how can be explained the space in terms of text extracting the meaning and the symbol. Absolutely not intended by Mies van der Rohe, but in his works of houses and pavilion, its characteristics and traces of text can be seen. If it is possible to analyse his works in the textual view, space of Mies will be found in the same direction of text. And it will be an important opportunity to re-evaluate the space of Mies works standing in the heart of Modern Architecture.

• 감성과학
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• 제9권spc3호
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• pp.277-286
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• 2006

본 연구는 일본의 도시공간을 중심으로 D/H와 둘러싸인감이 어느 정도 관련성이 있는지 평가하였다. 동일 샘플에 대해 D/H의 각도 순위와 실험자가 느끼는 실제공간의 둘러싸인감 순위를 순위상관분석을 통해 평가한 결과 42개의 전체샘플(0.49), 25개의 내부공간 샘플(0.63), 17개의 외부공간 샘플(0.59)의 상관성이 낮은 것으로 분석되었다. 따라서 D/H의 각도로 현대의 공간을 설명하는 것은 한계성이 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 이러한 결과는 현대도시는 공간구조가 복잡한 요소로 구성되어 있어 과거의 D/H와 둘러싸인감 이론을 바탕으로 공간을 평가하는 것은 한계성이 있다. 따라서 앞으로 둘러싸인감을 평가하기 위해서는 새로운 평가모델이 구축되어야 할 것이며 도시공간과 둘러싸인감의 영향에 관한 연구가 필요하다.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.103-114
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• 2022

Zoological Parks house exclusive animal species, thus creating a source of education and awareness for visitors. Big cats like tigers and leopards are among the most visited species in zoos globally. However, they often display stressful or stereotypic behaviours. Such behaviours are influenced by multiple factors including visitors, animal history, and captive environment. To understand this impact, we investigated the behavioural response of tigers and leopards to visitation, captive, and biological factors. The behaviour of eight big cats housed in the National Zoological Park, New Delhi, was monitored using focal sampling technique during May and June 2019. We recorded the captive and biological factors and visitor density for the subjects. The study revealed high proportions of inactive and stereotypic behaviours amongst the species. Tigers and leopards were found to perform stereotypic behaviours for 22% and 28% of their time, respectively. Generalised Linear Models revealed a significant variation of stereotypy in association with the factors. Stereotypy was influenced by visitor density, age, sex, breeding history, coat colour, and enclosure design. Adults, males, white-coated, previously bred, and those housed in smaller and simple enclosures display more stereotypy than young, females, normal-coated, unbred, and those housed in larger and complex enclosures, respectively. A high density of visitors induced more stereotypic behaviours amongst the big cats. As providing entertainment and awareness amongst the public is one of the fundamental objectives of the zoo, visitors can not be avoided. Thus, we suggest providing appropriate enrichments that would reduce stereotypies and promote naturalistic behaviours.

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2009

연직으로 여러 높이에서 측정된 기체의 농도는 다양한 목적에 활용될 수 있다. 예를 들어, 복잡지형에 위치한 우리나라의 일반적인 산림유역에서 에디공분산방법에 의한 증발산 및 이산화탄소 순생태 교환량(Net Ecosystem Exchange, NEE)을 관측하기 위해서는 수평 및 연직 이류(advection)와 저류(storage)항의 효과를 정량화해야 한다. 그리고 미량 기체의 발원 및 흡원을 추적하거나 관측의 발자국 분석을 위해서도 필요하다. 수증기와 이산화탄소의 연직 농도 분포는 일반적으로 에디공분산 플럭스 타워에 보조 장치로 설치되는 다중 기체 프로파일 관측시스템(이하 프로파일 시스템)에 의해 측정된다. 이 시스템은 다른 미기상 관측기기와는 달리 서로 독립된 여러 기기와 장치들이 하나의 목적을 위해 결합되어 작동되기 때문에 사용방법과 기기의 운영/유지/보수에 많은 어려움이 따른다. 현재 전세계적으로 플럭스 타워 관측과 함께 이용되고 있는 프로파일 시스템은 대부분 미국의 캠벨사(Campbell Sci. Inc.)에서 제작/판매하는 시스템과 개별 연구자들이 각자의 목적과 관측환경에 적합하도록 자체 제작한 시스템으로 구분된다. 연세대학교 대기과학과 생물기상/생지화학 연구팀은 2005년부터 광릉 산림유역의 활엽수림과 침엽수림에 미국 캠벨사에서 제작한 두 개의 프로파일 시스템을 설치/운영하며 다양한 기술적, 이론적 경험과 지식을 축적해 왔다. 이 총설에서는 복잡지형 산림에서의 물과 탄소의 순생태 교환량 관측에 중요한 도구로 사용되는 프로파일 시스템의 원리, 구성, 활용 방법에 대해서 소개한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.742-753
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• 2016

안의삼동은 19세기 영남 지방 최고의 명승으로 각광받던 곳이었으나 오늘날에는 각 경관요소가 산재되어 전해오고 있다. 본 연구는 안의삼동의 경관구조 재현 및 명승적 가치 제고를 위해 관찬지리지에 수록된 주요지점을 추출하고 경관구조를 살펴본 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 관찬지리지에 나타나는 안의삼동의 명승적 가치를 지닌 주요지점을 추출한 결과 화림동은 6개소, 심진동은 9개소, 원학동은 25개소로 확인되었다. 화림동은 누정과 형승이 각각 3개소로 나타났으며, 심진동의 주요지점은 모두 형승에 해당하는 자연물에 해당하였다. 원학동은 안의삼동 동천 중 가장 많은 요소들이 수록되었다. 화림동은 정자 중심의 경구집합형, 심진동은 계곡을 따라 분포하는 경점연속형, 원학동은 경구집합형과 경점연속형이 동시에 나타나는 복합형의 개별 분포 구조를 지니고 있었으며 각 동천의 집합적 의미구조를 살펴본 결과 지형에 따라 시각적 거리적 격리를 통해 주변과의 영역성을 달리하고 있으며, 좁은 입구와 위요된 지형은 동천이 무릉도원의 공간으로 인식되는 구조를 지니고 있었다. 또한 19세기 유람문화의 성행과 함께 효율적인 경로 모색에 의한 각 주요지점의 연계는 이전시기 개별 동천으로 인식되던 경관구조가 통합된 하나의 동천으로 확대되었으며, 이는 동일한 시점과 종점, 유람경로를 지니는 일반적인 동천의 경관전개와는 차별성을 지닌다.