• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.21-32
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• 2017

Purpose: Perioperative chemotherapy improves survival outcomes in locally advanced (LA) gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with LA gastric cancer who were offered perioperative chemotherapy consisting of epirubicin, oxaliplatin, and capecitabine (EOX) from May 2013 to December 2015 at Tata Memorial Hospital in Mumbai. Results: Among the 268 consecutive patients in our study, 260 patients (97.0%) completed neoadjuvant chemotherapy, 200 patients (74.6%) underwent D2 lymphadenectomy, and 178 patients (66.4%) completed adjuvant chemotherapy. The median follow-up period was 17 months. For the entire cohort, the median overall survival (OS), 3-year OS rate, median progression-free survival (PFS), and 3-year PFS rate were 37 months, 64.4%, 31 months, and 40%, respectively. PFS and OS were significantly inferior in patients who presented with features of obstruction than in those who did not (P=0.0001). There was no difference in survival with respect to tumor histology (well to moderately differentiated vs. poorly differentiated, signet ring vs. non-signet ring histology) or location (proximal vs. distal). Survival was prolonged in patients with an early pathological T stage and a pathological node-negative status. In a multivariate analysis, postoperative pathological nodal status and gastric outlet obstruction on presentation significantly correlated with survival. Conclusions: EOX chemotherapy with curative resection and D2 lymphadenectomy is a suggested alternative to the existing perioperative regimens. The acceptable postoperative complication rate and relatively high resections, chemotherapy completion, and survival rates obtained in this study require further evaluation and validation in a clinical trial.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.451-457
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• 2014

Background: The balance of the risks and the benefits of cardiac surgery in the elderly remains a major concern. We evaluated the early and mid-term clinical results of patients aged over 75 years who underwent major cardiovascular surgery. Methods: Two hundred and fifty-one consecutive patients, who underwent cardiac surgery at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between July 2003 and June 2011, were included in this study (mean age, $78.7{\pm}3.4$ years; male:female=130:121). Elective surgery was performed in 112 patients, urgent in 90, and emergency in 49. Results: Early mortality was 12.7% (32/251). Follow-up completion was 100%, and the mean follow-up duration was $2.8{\pm}2.2$ years. Late mortality was 24.2% (53/219). There were 283 readmissions in a total of 109 patients after discharge. However, the reason for readmission was related more to non-cardiac factors (71.3%) than to cardiac factors. The overall survival estimates were 79.2% at the 1-year follow-up and 58.4% at the 5-year follow-up. Patients who underwent elective surgery had a lower early mortality rate (elective, 4.5%; urgent, 13.3%; emergency, 30.6%) and better overall survival rate than those that underwent urgent or emergency surgery (p<0.001). Conclusion: The timing of cardiac surgery was found to be an independent risk factor for early and late mortality. Thus, earlier referral and intervention may improve operative results. Further, comprehensive coordinated postoperative care is needed for other comorbid problems in aged patients.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.3861-3866
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• 2015

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the patterns of relapse and survival outcomes in Northern Thai women with recurrent endometrial cancer (EC). Materials and Methods: Medical records were abstracted from EC patients who underwent primary surgery from 1999 to 2012. Data on clinicopathologic variables, sites of first recurrence, time to relapse of disease, and overall survival (OS) was analyzed. Associations between the clinicopathological variables and the rates of disease recurrence were determined. Results: Among 1,204 reviewed records, 42 eligible patients were identified with recurrent disease. The median age was 55 years and the median follow-up time was 26.0 months. The median times to recurrence (TTR) after completion of the initial treatment in the group of local relapse (LR) and distant/combined sites of recurrence (DCSR) was 6.6 (95% CI=4.6 to 8.6 months) and 16.9 months (95% CI=5.6 to 28.2 months), respectively (p=0.36). The 2-year survival and 3-year survival probability in the group of LR was 54.2% (95% CI=27.2 to 81.3%) and 34.7% (95% CI=9.2 to 60.2%), compared to 50.4% (95% CI=41.1 to 59.7%) and 42.1% (95%CI= 24.1 to 60.1%) for those with DCSR. Distant recurrence was the most frequent pattern of relapse. Overall survival was not significantly different in patients with local relapse when compared to those with DCSR (p=0.69). Conclusions: Patients with recurrence of EC after primary treatment had a worse prognosis and clinical aggressiveness. LR and DCSR occurred most during the first three years. The common sites of relapses were vaginal cuff, pelvis, and lungs. No significant clinicopathological predictor for survival outcomes was identified.

• The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.116-121
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• 2012

One of the most important object in youth employment academy is to resolve the job mismatch of youth unemployment through industry oriented human resource development for which company oriented capacity building program for graduate-to-be and graduate is supported. The major characteristic of this program is to compose a network of operation organization, involved company, involved university and trainee, among those the role of operation organization is most important. The operation organization in youth employment academy is supposed to be evaluated by the last employment rate after 6 months to the day following the programs of the year completion. So performance indicator for the operation organization is needed in selecting the operation organization of the next year youth employment academy, which means a kind of mid-term evaluation. In this research, the concept of development of performance indicator for the operation organization in youth employment academy is introduced and major performance indicator are suggested.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2017

Purpose: Although the technical developments of radiotherapy have been remarkable, there are currently few reports on the treatment results of radiotherapy for local recurrence of rectal cancer treated with surgery alone as initial treatment in this three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy era. Thus, we retrospectively evaluated the treatment results of radiotherapy for local recurrence of rectal cancer treated with surgery alone as the initial treatment. Materials and Methods: Thirty-two patients who underwent radiotherapy were enrolled in this study. The dose per fraction was 2.0-3.5 Gy. Because the treatment schedule was variable, the biological effective dose (BED) was calculated. Results: Local control (LC) and overall survival (OS) rates from the completion of radiotherapy were calculated. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year LC rates were 51.5%, 24.5%, 19.6%, 19.6%, and 13.1%, respectively. LC rates were significantly higher for the high BED group (${\geq}75Gy_{10}$) than for the lower BED group (<$75Gy_{10}$). All patients who reported pain achieved pain relief. The duration of pain relief was significantly higher for the high BED group than for the lower BED group. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-year OS rates were 82.6%, 56.5%, 45.2%, 38.7%, and 23.2%, respectively. There was a trend toward higher OS rates in with higher BED group compared to lower BED group. Conclusion: For patients with unresectable locally recurrent rectal cancer treated with surgery alone, radiotherapy is effective treatment. The prescribed BED should be more than $75Gy_{10}$, if the dose to the organ at risk is within acceptable levels.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.557-563
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• 2004

Korean cadastral system keeps graphical maps made by the plane table method from 1910's. The fact is that the graphical maps grafted on paper cover about 95% of the whole land (MOGAHA, 1999). The needs are arising to transform the graphical cadastre to a digital one in compliance with modem technologies. Korean government has already digitise the old maps until last year. A nation-wide land information system, Parcel-based Land Information System, was established upon the digitised map database. However, the accuracy of the digitised coordinates hardly meet the citizens' needs because it cannot exceed that of the paper maps. The definite solution will be surveying all the parcels again and making new digital maps. However, commencing a project for resurveying 34 million parcels will require enormous amount of time and manpower. The strategy should be dividing the country into county-wise or grid-wise pieces and surveying one piece by one piece. Municipal governments of counties, cities or urban districts will be the propelling bodies of the project but the costs will hardly be affordable at a time. For the purpose of resolving the financial problem, each municipality can split its own project into smaller pieces by year base. There is accordingly a great possibility to create inconsistency over the divided project areas caused by different techniques applied, different equipments used and/or mismatches between the project borders. It provides some merits at the same time. The people in project completion areas will be satisfied with the enhanced accuracy and feel safe in land transaction and, in turn, soundly improves overall nation-wide economic situation. Therefore, the main issue of the thesis shows how to make the cadastral re-survey project scalable. Guidelines for how to perform the projects will be derived from a experienced case.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.69-80
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to develop a clinical practice observation course in a medical school that can give Korean medical students opportunities to experience the treatment environment in western medicine, and to analyze the results of the course. Methods: A total of 47 (collection rate: 85.5%) senior students of the College of Korean medicine in Gyunggi-do replied to the survey. Twenty-seven of them were male and 20 were female. They participated in the clinical practice observation course in the medical school two days a week for two weeks (total: four days) in the academic year 2011-2012. Before the course, an orientation was held; and upon the students' completion of the course, they presented their experiences and replied to the survey. Results: According to the survey, the purpose of the course was well explained (91.5%), and the course was necessary for Korean medical students (97.9%). The four-day course duration was inappropriate, though (83%). The female students were more satisfied with their participation in the fourth year and with the timing of the course than the male students were. The students who finished the course at the surgical departments recognized the necessity of the course more than the students who finished the course at the non-surgical departments. The advantages of the course included opportunities to observe operation scenes and experience clinical treatment processes and systems. The weakness of the course included poor organization due to the short preparation period. Conclusions: The course was confirmed as necessary for Korean medical students so that they would understand the treatment environment in western medicine. Through the course, the students broadened the understanding of the disease and developed a strong sense of identity as Korean medical students. The duration of the course needs to be extended, and its structure should be enhanced. Furthermore, various educational programs that offer Korean medical students opportunities to experience various clinical cases need to be introduced.

• Journal of Korean Traditional Oncology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

Objective : This study is purposed to report 2 cases of cancer patient whose symptoms related to radiation pneumonitis had been controlled with Saengmaek-san treatment. Methods : A 56-year-old female rectal cancer patient was prescribed with Saengmaek-san due to the symptoms which had developed 4 weeks after the completion of her radiotherapy session in both lungs. Her chief complaints were shortness of breath, dry cough and fatigue. Another case, 53-year-old male patient with hepatocellular carcinoma, had also developed symptoms of fatigue, weight loss and dry cough after his radiotherapy session in left upper lung zone. Radiological changes of both patients' chest X-ray suggested radiation pneumonitis. Results : Symptoms of the female patient were improved, especially shortness of breath, after Saengmaek-san treatment, without any aggravation in her chest X-ray result. However, infiltrative opacity in the left upper lung zone of the male patient was aggravated despite the improvement of his clinical symptoms. His remaining symptoms and radiological change were effectively controlled after steroid therapy. Conclusion : Seangmaek-san may be considered as a potential treatment for symptoms related to radiation pneumonitis with proper monitoring.

• Journal of Korean Port Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.27-35
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• 2001

In order to deal with the increase of container cargo traffic volume more effectively, the ministry of maritime affairs & fisheries has a long-term plan to develop Gaduk Island. According to the plan, the New Port will handle 4,600,00TEUs annually. The completion of the project will enable the port of Busan to perform as a hub port in the Asia Pacific era of the year 2000 with sufficient port facilities, and this will lead to a new era of oceanic Korea. With the advent of the Pacific Rim Era of the year 2000, Busan metropolis has set a strategic development plan to establish the area as the center of logistics in the noreast Asian region as well as to become the stronghold of economic activity in Korea's southeast region. To this end, industries that will open the doors to a marine era and a new industrial complex focused on logistics are planned in the West Busan area where Gimhae International Airport and the Busan New Port meet. This paper aims to find out the functional relation and complement between the Busan New Port Distri-Park handing container cargo traffic volume and the West Busan Logistics Pa가 handling an air cargo and railroad goods. Especially, paper aims to suggest the West Busan Logistics Park as the efficient management of the container cargo traffic volume due to the Development Plan of the Busan New Port.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.2
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• pp.129-140
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• 2014

Background: As elderly population has been increasing, pharmacists need to possess special knowledge and skills to provide enhanced pharmaceutical care for senior patients. Purpose: This study aims to systematically review on (1) the certified geriatric pharmacists (CGP) system, (2) the curriculum related to geriatric pharmacy education, and (3) the CGP's performance in terms of clinical, economic and humanistic outcomes in the U.S. Method: The information related to CGP system and curriculum was obtained through the official websites of 'American Society of Consultant Pharmacists', 'Commission for Certification in Geriatric Pharmacy' and the selected pharmacy school samples. Articles about on the outcomes of pharmacist-provided cognitive services including Medication Therapy Management were searched through PubMed. Results: To gain the CGP credential, pharmacists need 2-year experience as pharmacist in advance and take the CGP examination. This certification must be renewed every 5 year. Most pharmacy schools provide geriatric-related curriculum through didactic or pharmacy practice classes for pharmacy students and certificate or dual degree in gerontology are given on completion. Most previous outcomes research reported that pharmacists have played a role in yielding favorable results regarding clinical, economic and humanistic outcomes for nursing facilities, hospitals and community pharmacy settings. Conclusion: Considering the organized CGP certification system and concrete educational courses established the basis for pharmacists to exert their ability for senior patients of the U.S., it is suggested to build a geriatric pharmacist credential model for pharmacists to provide the increasing elderly patients with the requisite safe and effective pharmacy care in Korea.