• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.39-51
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• 1994

Some exponential moment inequalities for sub-gaussian random variables are studied in this paper. These inequalities are used to obtain laws of large numbers for random variable and random elements in $L^1(R)$.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.306-319
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• 2008

Reaching fault tolerance in technological systems requires to detect malfunctions. This paper presents a diagnostic method that is robust with respect to unknown-but-bounded uncertainties of the dynamical model and the measurements. By using models of the faultless and the faulty behaviours, a state-set observer computes polyhedral sets from which the consistency of the models with the interval measurements is determined. The diagnostic result is proven to be complete, i.e., the set of faults obtained by the diagnostic algorithm includes the actual fault. The algorithm is illustrated by an application example.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.157-168
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• 2001

In this paper, experimental investigation into the behavior of reinforced concrete (RC) columns tested under large lateral displacement with four different types of loading arrangements is presented. Each loading arrangement has a different system for controlling the consistency of the loading condition. One of the loading arrangements used three units of link mechanism to control the parallelism of the top and bottom stub of column during testing, and the remaining employed eight hydraulic jacks for the same purpose. The loading systems condition used in this investigation were similar to the actual case in a moment-resisting frame where the tested column was displaced in a double curvature. Ten model column specimens, divided into four series were prepared. Two columns were tested monotonically until collapse, and unless failure took place at an earlier stage of loading, the remaining eight columns were tested under cyclic loading. Test results indicated that the proposed system to keep the top and bottom stubs parallel during testing performed well.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.13-25
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• 1989

This paper suggests a classification rule with unequal covariance matrices when a patterned incomplete data are involved in the discriminant analysis. This is an extension of Geisser's (1966) result to the case of missing observations. For the calssificaiton rule, we introduce an algorithm which contains data augmentation step and Monte Carlo integration step and show that the algorithm yields a consistant estimator of true classification probability. The proposed method is compared to the complete observation vector method through a Monte Carlo study. The results show that the suggested method, in general, performs better than the complete observation vector method which ignores those vectors of observation with one or more missing values from the analysis. The results also verify the consistency of the algorithm.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.181-197
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• 2001

A heuristic method TABU-CSP using Tabu Search (TS) is described for solving Constraint Satisfaction Problems (CSPs). The method is started with a complete but inconsistent solution of a binary CSP and obtained in prespecified number of iterations either a consistent solution or a near optimal solution with an acceptable number of conflicts. The repair in the solution at each iterative step is done by using two heuristics alternatively. The first heuristic is a min-conflicts heuristic that chooses a variable with the maximum number of conflicts and reassigns it the value which leads to the minimum number of conflicts. If the acceptable solution is not reached after the search continued for a certain number of iterations, the min-conflict heuristic is changed and the variable selected least number of times is chosen for repair. If an acceptable solution is not reached, the method switches back to the min-conflict heuristic and proceeds further. This allowed the method to explore a different region of search space space for the solution as well as to prevent cycling. The demonstration of the method is shown on a toy problem [9]which has no solution. The method is then tested on various randomly generated CSPs with different starting solutions. The performance of the proposed method in terms of the average number of consistency is checked and the average number of conflicts is conflicts is compared with that of the Branch and Bound(BB) method used to obtain the same solution. In almost all cases, the proposed method moves faster to the acceptable solution than BB.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.93-105
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• 1998

Many large scale discount stores try to enter the market in newly developed city areas. In order to sucessfully increase the market share, it is essential for them to understand customers' needs. In doing so, various forms of survey methods are often used and survey forms can influence respondents' decision. The main objective of this paper is to check consistency of different survey methods in terms of deriving the expected market share. In this paper, we a, pp.y two survey forms for both AHP and conjoint analyses using a randomized complete block design. Using AHP, we compare Kim's club, Carf, E-mart and Macro in terms of the following four customer attributes: parking facility, size of store, business hours, and special pricing policy. In conjoint analysis, we estimate the part-worth of each level of the customer's attribute so that one can design the best store which would optimizethe customer's attribute so that one can design the best store which would optimize the customer's utility. Empirical comparison results indicate very low consistency between the two methods. It implies the importance of verification methods of survey. We also analyze the impact of special pricing policy using a meta analysis. It turns out that older customers are a, pp.rently more sensitive to pricing policy.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 2024

Medical institutions wishing to install and operate diagnostic radiation generators must complete appointment training within one year of appointment based on the 「Medical Act」 and the 「Rules on Safety Management of Diagnostic Radiation Generator Devices」 which will come into effect on January 1, 2024. Additionally, You must receive supplementary education every three years from the date you received it. The strengthening of safety management for diagnostic radiation generators used in medical institutions means that although the radiation exposure that may occur when using diagnostic radiation generators is low, the risk of carcinogenesis may be higher than previously evaluated. In addition, safety management of diagnostic radiation generators can be said to be an essential requirement because it has been reported that the incidence of leukemia and other diseases is increasing in diagnostic radiation tests. However, the safety management training targets and programs for radiation exposure management operated by other organizations other than diagnostic radiation generators are significantly different. In addition, since the public institutions that are responsible for radiation safety management are divided, there is a risk of duplicative, excessive, and under-administrative application to medical institutions and educational institutions that install and operate diagnostic radiation generators. Therefore, we would like to determine their consistency by comparing domestic and foreign related cases and the provisions of the 「Medical Act」 and the 「Nuclear Safety Act」.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.61-66
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• 2018

Objective: Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS) is a condition that is characterized by patellar discomfort or pain that is aggravated during certain activities such as ascending/descending stairs. The Patellofemoral Disability Index (PDI) was developed to assess the effect of pain on functional activities in individuals with PFPS. The objectives of the current study were to determine the internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and validity of this index. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Forty-one subjects who had PFPS with a mean age of $28.8{\pm}5.0years$ and a mean body mass index of $25.6{\pm}4.7kg/m^2$ participated in the study. All subjects were concurrently enrolled in a clinical trial for which they were instructed to complete hamstring-resistance exercises for 4 weeks. Over the course of the intervention, they completed both the PDI and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) at baseline after two weeks, and after four weeks. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess the criterion validity. Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ was used to examine the internal consistency. Intraclass correlation coefficients with 95% confidence interval were computed to examine test-retest reliability. Results: Subjects' responses within both the PDI and the ODI yielded Pearson correlation coefficient values that were positive and highly significant (range, 0.73-0.97; p<0.001). There was a high level of internal consistency (Cronbach's ${\alpha}{\geq}0.8$), with the exception of stair climbing (Cronbach's ${\alpha}=0.65$). Intraclass correlation ranged from 0.87 to 0.92, indicating high levels of test-retest reliability. Conclusions: The PDI is a valid, reliable, and feasible method of assessing pain and functional ability in patients with PFPS.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.103-109
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• 2022

Background and Objectives The Voice Perceived Present Control scale (VPPC) has been developed to provide better insight into patients' perceived control over their thoughts or behaviors related to voice disorders. The objective of the present study was to validate the Korean VPPC (K-VPPC) by evaluating its internal consistency and reliability. Materials and Method All items of the English VPPC were translated into Korean. Content validity was analyzed through three Delphi survey rounds by an expert panel (n=44) with active clinical and research experience in treating dysphonic patients. Twenty-three patients with a heterogeneous diagnosis of dysphonia and twenty-three gender-matched vocally normal controls (total n=46) were asked to complete the K-VPPC and the Korean Voice Handicap Index-10 (KVHI-10). Psychometric properties including internal consistency and reliability were evaluated to examine the appropriateness of cross-cultural use of K-VPPC. Results Cronbach's alpha coefficient of K-VPPC was 0.89 for dysphonic patients, indicating good internal consistency in clinical samples. Furthermore, patients with dysphonia scored significantly lower on the total score of K-VPPC and higher on voice handicap than the vocally normal controls. Spearman's correlation coefficients indicated an inverse and moderate association between the K-VPPC and all domains of KVHI-10 (Spearman's r=-0.44- -0.68). Conclusion The findings of the current study indicated that the K-VPPC is a valid and reliable tool for the assessment of perceived control in Korean patients with dysphonia. Therefore, the K-VPPC could be a useful and complementary tool for the comprehensive evaluation of dysphonia, thereby improving care in Korean patients with voice disorders.

• 한국정보과학회논문지:소프트웨어및응용
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• 제36권11호
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• pp.928-935
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• 2009

온톨로지 스키마 추론은 개념의 정합성을 테스트하고 계층구조를 자동으로 생성해 준다. 이를 위해 개념의 검색과정은 반드시 수행하여야 한다. 온톨로지 스키마 추론은 온톨로지에 정의된 모든 개념들간의 포함관계를 테스트함으로써 수행된다. 이러한 포함관계 테스트 결과는 개념의 완전 그래프 생성여부에 따라 결정되며 이는 추론의 전체적인 성능에 결정적인 영향을 준다. 일반적으로 완전 그래프 생성 과정은 복잡도가 높은 과정으로 알려져 있으며 이는 낮은 추론성능을 유발시키는 원인이 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 개념들간의 포함관계 테스트시 개념의 향상된 검색방법을 통해 불필요한 포함관계 테스트를 생략함으로써 온톨로지 스키마 추론의 성능을 향상시키는 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 이 향상된 검색방법은 개념의 포함관계 테스트 결과를 정의상 연관된 다른 개념에 전파함으로써 이루어진다.