• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권8호
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• pp.408-414
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• 2021

Background: Complementary food in infancy is necessary for human growth, neurodevelopment, and health. However, the role of allergen consumption in early infancy and its effects on the development of food allergy or tolerance remain unclear. Purpose: To investigate the influence of age at the time of complementary food introduction on the development of asthma and atopic dermatitis in Korean children aged 1-3 years. Methods: We combined data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected from 2010 to 2014 and analyzed 1619 children aged 1-3 years who were included in the survey. Multivariate regression analysis was used to identify associations among type of feeding, age at the time of complementary food introduction, and doctor-diagnosed atopic dermatitis and asthma. Results: Age at the time of complementary food introduction was not significantly associated with doctor-diagnosed atopic dermatitis and asthma in children aged 1-3 years. In the univariate analysis, children with asthma showed higher water and sodium intake levels than nonasthmatic children. However, this relationship was not significant in the multivariate regression analysis. Conclusion: The present study revealed no statistically significant relationship between age at the time of complementary food introduction and the risk of atopic dermatitis and asthma in young Korean children. A national prospective study is needed to clarify the influence of age at the time of complementary food introduction on the development of allergic diseases.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.7-14
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• 2015

This study identifies the complementarity or substitutability among apple production technology bundles. To identify the production technology bundle relationships, this paper focuses on the 8 most commonly used technology groups, including a high density plant, normal density plant, M9, M26, more than 70% adoption ratio of a medium-maturing variety, the adoption of a new variety, artificial pollination, and low-temperature storage. The results show that M9 has a complementary relationship with a high density plant, yet a substitute relationship with a normal density plant. Meanwhile, M26 has a complementary relationship with both a high and normal density plant. No substitute relationship is found between M9 and M26, yet a complementary relationship is identified between the adoption of artificial pollination and low-temperature storage and M9 or M26.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제11권8호
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• pp.409-418
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• 2011

본 연구의 목적은 특수 목적관광유형들 간의 대체보완관계 및 총 개인관광수요와 각 유형의 특수목적관광 사이의 인과관계를 조사하기 위한 것이다. 서울에 거주하고 있는 500개의 표본 중에서 349개의 유효표본이 분석에 이용되었다. 통계적 분석방법으로서 상관관계분석은 대체보완관계의 파악을 위해 그리고 인과관계분석을 위해서는 계량경제모델이 적용되었다. 연구결과, 농촌관광과 해양관광은 상호 경쟁적 대체관계에 놓여 있었으며, 해양관광은 다른 어느 유형의 특수 관광보다 총 개인관광수요에 미치는 영향이 강하게 나타났다.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.19-43
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• 2014

Categorization means the process labeling or identifying an object based on what people already know or its similarity for people to be easily perceptible in external environment. If it is categorized, it is schematically conjectured from typical characteristic of the category. In this sense, the categorization of new products has an important effect upon the market performance. Nevertheless, the categorization of innovative new products is not easy and occasionally very ambiguous. In this study, we discuss how to strengthen the categorization strategy of new hybrid IT products through complementary bundling. The model of this study is based on Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) with resistance variable and verifies the statistical significance by undertaking a survey on consumers' awareness. In addition, we review the moderating effects of prior knowledge in the adoption process of complementary bundling. Through this analysis, we find out the structural relationship among the factors affecting adoption of complementary bundling. Also, it show that the influence of prior knowledge in respect of the adoption process is greater than others in case that there exists significant heterogeneity among strategic categories and complements. In conclusion, these findings suggest the following managerial implication. The categorization strategy of new hybrid IT product can be enhanced by complementary bundling, but the suitability among strategic category and complements should be evaluated exhaustively.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2019

Objectives: This study examined whether the infant feeding type and duration are related to the introduction of complementary feeding, and whether the appropriate introduction of complementary feeding in infancy is related to tooth decay in toddlers. Methods: The subjects were 1,521 toddlers among 2~3 year old children in the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2008 to 2015. The toddlers were divided into the appropriate group (4~6 months) and delayed group (>6 months) according to the timing of complementary feeding introduction. Results: The delayed group were 26.5% of subjects and the formula feeding period in the appropriate group and delayed group was 8.4 and 10.3 months, respectively (P=0.002). On the other hand, there was no difference in the breastfeeding period between the appropriate group and delayed group (P=0.6955). Early childhood caries was more common in the delayed group (P=0.0065). The delayed introduction of complementary feeding was associated with a risk of early childhood caries according to the logistic models (OR 1.81, 95% CI 1.27-2.57). Conclusions: The introduction of complementary feeding is associated with early childhood caries. Therefore, the importance of the proper introduction of complementary feeding in infancy should be emphasized, and public relations and education for maternal care and breastfeeding should be provided through health care institutions.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제31권9C호
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• pp.817-824
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• 2006

본 논문은 이진(binary) 상보형 수열 쌍(complementary pair)을 대역확산 부호로 사용하여 16-QAM 변조된 2개의 심볼을 동시에 전송하는 MC-CDMA(Multi-Carrier Code Division Multiple Access) 신호의 전력 포락선 특성 분석에 대한 것이다. 전력 포락선 분석을 통해 그 특성을 결정짓는 16-QAM 심볼 조합의 관계를 파라미터로 도출하고, 256개의 가능한 전송 심볼 조합 가운데 오직 60개의 서로 다른 전력 포락선이 존재함을 보였다. 또한 복소 평면에서 직관적 등가 변환 관계를 고찰하고 60개의 전력 포락선이 결국 16개의 서로 다른 전력 포락선 변이도(crest factor)를 유발함을 확인하였다. 동일한 변조 기법을 채택한 단일 반송파 신호와 비교하기 위하여 전력 포락선 변이도를 두 전송 심볼의 조합에 의해 발생하는 평균 전력에 따라 분류하였을 때, 전송 심볼의 모든 조합에 대하여 전력 포락선의 변이도가 3dB 이하임을 증명하였다.

• 한국한의학연구원논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.43-55
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• 2010

Objective : There is a growing interest on Complementary and Alternative Medicine(CAM). But the term 'CAM' often causes confusion, for the perception of CAM is determined by how the relationship between CAM and Conventional Medicine is established. Methods : In this paper, we researched the concept of CAM through the change in the terminology and definition of CAM throughout history. Furthermore, we also analyzed related papers in Korea. Results : International studies show that the relationship between Conventional Medicine and CAM has become more cooperative. Meanwhile, in Korea, Korean Medicine is categorized as a type of Conventional Medicine, not CAM. Conclusion : Though Korean Medicine is included in Conventional Medicine in Korea, the research methodology is still restricted in ways of bio-medical science. Further study on the original research method of Korean Medicine is needed.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.79-82
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• 2013

The demand for complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasing worldwide. High-technology medicine is not always effective and is often accompanied by neglected self-care and high cost. Also, conventional medicine has become dependent on expensive technological solutions to health problems. Integrated medicine is not simply a synonym for complementary medicine. It involves the understanding of the interaction of the mind, body, and spirit and how to interpret this relationship in the dynamics of health and disease. Integrative medicine shifts the orientation of the medical practice from a disease-based approach to a healing-based approach. In South Korea, CAM education was first provided 20 years ago, and integrative medicine is becoming part of the current mainstream medicine. Increasing numbers of fellowships in integrative medicine are being offered in many academic health centers in the U.S. Also, it has emerged as a potential solution to the American healthcare crisis and chronic diseases, which are bankrupting the economy. It provides care that is patient-centered, healing-oriented, emphasizes the therapeutic relationship, and uses therapeutic approaches originating from conventional and alternative medicine.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.281-294
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• 2021

Purpose - The purpose of this study was verifying the policy effects by field of innovative growth engines, focusing on the discussion of the relationship between government support and corporate R&D activities (substitute/complementary goods), and based on the results, policy recommendations for promoting private R&D were carried out. Design/methodology/approach - Through literature research, academic/theoretical discussions about relationship between government support and corporate R&D activities were synthesized. Next, survey data were collected for companies engaged in the field of innovative growth engines and empirical analysis was conducted on the relationship between government support and R&D activities in 13 major sectors. Findings - First, as a result of analyzing all companies regardless of sector, government R&D subsidies had a positive (+) relationship with R&D activities of companies engaged in innovative growth engines, that is, a complementary relationship. Next, as a result of performing empirical analysis by dividing the 13 fields, it was found that 9 fields were complementary goods in which government support had a positive (+) effect on the R&D activities of companies. On the other hand, in the remaining four fields, the effect of government support on corporate R&D activities was not statistically significant. Research implications or Originality - In order to promote R&D activities of companies in the 9 fields where government support acts as a complementary product, it is necessary to establish policies centered on direct government support. On the other hand, it would be more desirable to seek indirect support rather than direct support in the 4 fields where government support did not have a statistically significant effect on corporate R&D activities.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.451-460
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• 2004

W-CDMA 시스템의 파일럿 비트 패턴은 채널 측정 및 프레임 동기 확인에 사용된다. 본 논문은 이러한 파일럿 패턴의 프레임 동기용 이원부호를 제안한다. 프레임 동기 단어라고 불리는 이러한 이원부호의 자기 상관 및 상호 상관 특성을 이용하여 이상적인 프레임 동기 특성을 구할 수 있는 회로를 제안한다. W-CDMA시스템에서는 두 개의 수신 단말기를 갖지 않고도, 다른 주파수의 측정을 가능하게 하기 위한 압축모드(compressed mode)를 두고 있다. 이 모드에서는 10 msec의 한 프레임 시간 동안에 7 슬랏까지 전송이 중단될 수 있는데, 이러한 경우에 제안된 프레임 동기용 이원부호의 우선 쌍 간의 보완 매핑(complementary mapping) 관계를 이용하면, 이상적인 프레임 동기 특성을 유지 할 수 있음을 보인다. 그리고 우선 쌍 개념, 보완 매핑(complementary mapping) 관계, 최대장부호(maximal length sequence) 개념을 이용하여 제안된 프레임 동기 단어를 생성하는 회로에 관하여 논한다.