• Journal of Korean Vacuum Science & Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.45-56
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• 2003

A high flux metal plasma pulse ion source, which can simultaneously perform ion implantation and deposition, was developed and tested to evaluate its performance using the prototype. Flux of ion source was measured to be 5 A and bi-polar pulse power supply with a peak voltage of 250 V, repetition of 20 Hz and width of 100 ${\mu}\textrm{s}$ has an output current of 2 kA and average power of 2 kW. Trigger power supply is a high voltage pulse generator producing a peak voltage of 12 kV, peak current of 50 A and repetition rate of 20 Hz. The acceleration column for providing target energy up to ion implantation is carefully designed and compatible with UHV (ultra high vacuum) application. Prototype systems including various ion sources are fabricated for the performance test in the vacuum and evaluated to be more competitive than the existing equipments through repeated deposition experiments.

• IE interfaces
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.111-116
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• 2003

Business integration has been considered as one of the most critical success factors that enable the firms to gain competitive edges. Despite this trend, it has also been found among not a few companies that the activities that should be functionally tied with are performed even independently. In this study, an integrated model of production planning and inventory has been developed. Computerization of the production planning activities is proposed and implemented. We also proposed the reasonable inventory levels of each item using historic data of the items, which are composed of safety stock from the given fill-rate, operating stock from the production patterns, and reserved stock from the production planning. This study has helped the firm to have clearer job definition of the related processes, to tightly control the inventory by setting and tracing the reasonable fill rates for every product, and to quickly respond to the market changes through the computerized production planning process.

• Proceedings of the Korea Port Economic Association Conference
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• 2006.08a
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• pp.291-309
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• 2006

In order to obtain and maintain competitive advantage, under rapidly changing maritime environment, liners should make efforts to reinforce their logistics service capabilities. Most of all, for this, shipping lines should accurately recognize and evaluate their logistics service attributes. In the present research, various logistics service attributes for ocean carriers were selected from previous studies and the observed data for 6 main service attributes were collected through a questionnaire survey to 31 maritime experts. Moreover, shipping lines' relative logistics service capabilities were measured by an additional survey process. The comparative gravity between core evaluation factors were measured by AHP technique and the relative capability levels of 2 Korean liners and 5 foreign shipping companies were assessed by utilizing a fuzzy model. The empirical result presents that Korean liners are superior at customer service capability but inferior at freight rate competitiveness. This research shows that Korean liners are ranked at high position for overall logistics service capabilities and focusing on the differentiation strategy but not on the cost related strategy.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.52-60
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• 2018

Korea's public construction projects are under construction through bidding, however, due to the nature of the bidding, collusion between participants can occur. The collusion of bids accordingly damages the client. So, it is necessary to calculate the appropriate fictitious competition price to compensate for this. In this regard, econometrics methods are generally used, but there are limitations and issues arising from the nature of construction, especially design-build bid. Therefore, this study proposes a method to estimate reasonable competitive bid-price in design-build bid. It derives the lowest bid-price from the design submitted by the proponent and estimates the competitive bid-price by examining the factors according to the penetration rate according to the technical level of the tester, the skill level of the competitor, and the type of tester. Based on the method proposed in this study, a reasonable price can be derived that reflects the characteristics of the design and construction bidding bidder selection method and also it can be used as a reference material in the actual bidding process as well as calculating the damage due to the answer.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.299-325
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• 2010

The purpose of this empirical study is an index to usage of export assistance programs for korean small-medium exporters. Build around the index make an analysis of SMEs internal or exterior factors have an effect on export at present or in future export performance and the relative importance. Based on 128 surveys form korean SMEs experienced export assistance programs, 8 hypotheses, which are set up each factor, were verified through the practical analysis. The main result of hypothesis drawn by empirical study are as follows : The more SMEs use the programs, the more high export performance at present and in future. Export competitive factor reject at present export performance, but it will affect future export performance. A size of the firm in the characteristics of SEMs will affect export performance. Export rate of own brand will not affect performance. Another factors show adoption partly concerned hypothesis. Classified exterior factors of SMEs, a intensity of market competition shows adoption partly concerned hypothesis. Market growth rate will affect export performance at present and future strongly. Finally the usage of assistance programs will affect between a consumption goods and an industrial goods differently. From this study we found if we want to develop the export assistance programs that can actually in phases help the SEMs.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.45-55
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• 2006

Air transportation industry becomes more competitive because that the restrictions on new access to market were eased and related enough for each airline to choose the freight rate and the route without rein. New competitors are pursuing convergence strategy which focuses on low freight rate as a niche strategy for increasing market share by stimulating low cost demand. This strategy is now spreading all over the world such places as Europe, Asia, Oceania and etc. As of December 1, 2004, hundreds of low cost carriers are participating actively in the market and finding their level as a new strategic group in the air transportation industry with expanding their market. In case of USA, however, many airlines, which had newly entered to the market, went into bankruptcy in the mid-1980s. People Express in USA established in 1980 is one of the examples of failure. In case of Japan, Hokkaido International Airline, a typical low cost carrier which established in 1997, filed for bankruptcy. This study is for examining the strategic implication closely through the study on management strategy and cases of failure of low cost carriers.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.24-31
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• 1998

The separation and concentration of L-phenylalanine (L-Phe) using a supported liquid membrane (SLM) is investigated. A cation complex agent, di-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA), is used as a carrier in the SLM with n-Heptane as a solvent. The reaction order and equilibrium constant in the formation reaction of L-phe-carrier complex are obtained from the extraction experiment. A mathematical model for a carrier mediated counter transport process is proposed to estimate the diffusion coefficient of L-phe-carrier complexly in the liquid membrant. Permeation experiments of L-phe using a SLM are performed under various operating conditions and optimum conditions for the transport of L-phe are obtained. Concentration of L-phe in the strip phase against its concentration is observed. Transport rate of glucose through liquid membrane is less than that of L-phe in the competitive transport of L-phe and glucose. And the existence of glucose reduced the transport rate of L-phe. The performance of separation with continuous strip phase is increased due to the dilution effect in the strip phase.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.927-939
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• 2020

This study aims at investigating the effects of internal control effectiveness on business survival of food businesses in Thailand through the mediators of productivity improvement and value creation. In this study, 155 food businesses in Thailand are the samples of the study. The results show that internal control effectiveness has a significant influence on productivity improvement and business survival. Productivity improvement critically affects value creation and business survival while value creation is an important determinant of business survival. However, internal control effectiveness has no relationship with value creation. Also, productivity improvement explicitly mediates the internal control effectiveness-business survival relationships. In summary, internal control effectiveness can enhance firms' sustainable competitive advantage, superior performance and long-term survival. Firms need to focus on internal control effectiveness through investing their assets and resources and utilizing their abilities, competencies and capabilities in order to continuously develop and improve their appropriate concepts and characteristics in an organization. Better internal control effectiveness definitely leads to more long-term survival. To generalize the research results, future research needs to collect data from other businesses and industries. Increased response rate of the study is important for future research to verify and confirm the research results.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.114-122
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• 1994

A study on the absorption mechanism of cefixime(CF), an oral ${\alpha}-amino$ group deficient cephalosporin antibiotic, has been undertaken through the rat jejunum and nasal cavity using an in situ simultaneous perfusion technique developed in our laboratory. CF was well absorbed in the jejunum and nasal cavity of rats at pH 5.0, but not at pH 7.0. CF absorption was studied over four orders of magnitude in concentration to determine saturability. Disappearance of CF in the perfusate followed first-order kinetics at all tested concentrations. The apparent first-order absorption rate constant was found to be dependent on the concentration over the range of $0.1\;mM{\sim}3\;mM$ in the jejunum and nasal cavity of rats. Inhibitors were added to determine the competitive inhibition of CF absorption. The presence of L-tyrosine, L-phenylalanine, alanine-alanine, glycine-glycine and cefadroxil produced the significant inhibition of CF absorption in the nasal cavity and jejunum. However, there was no evidence of the inhibition in the presence of cefazolin. In addition, The CF absorption in the nasal cavity and jejunum was inhibited significantly by ouabain and 2,4-dinitrophenol(DNP). This study suggested that CF is absorbed across the rat nasal cavity and jejunum by carrier-mediated transport mechanism and energy consuming system.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.149-173
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• 2008

This paper empirically studies the relationship between R&D expenditures and firms value. First, we can conjecture that R&D expenditures are enhancing the firms value. Such findings depend on an existing research, which R&D expenditures are intangible asset rather than expenses. Although, under U.S. accounting standards, financial statements do not report intangible assets but costs. Second, we can conjecture that short-term, the rate of increase in R&D expenditures had negative influence on firms valuation, because such findings indicates that R&D spending of costs incur mis-pricing. But long-term, consistently R&D expenditures may attract investors on the stock market. Third, lately firms focus on capital efficiency management, such a firms R&D expenditures incur high ROE. Generally investors put too much confidence in capital efficiency management and high ROE may attract investors on the stock market. Finally, High-Tech through the R&D investment improve firms competitive advantage, by competitive advantage, firms have reduced cost and raised productivity in the end improve firms value.