• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.142-149
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• 2022

Background: Individuals with Down syndrome present with several impairments such as hypotonia, ligament laxity, decreased muscle strength, insufficient muscular cocontraction, inadequate postural control, and disturbed proprioception. These factors are responsible for the developmental challenges faced by children with Down syndrome. These individuals also present with balance dysfunctions. Purpose: This systematic review aims to describe the motor dysfunction and balance impairments in children and adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods: We searched the Scopus, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, Wiley, and EBSCO databases for observational studies evaluating the motor abilities and balance performance in individuals with Down syndrome. The review was registered on PROSPERO. Results: A total of 1,096 articles were retrieved; after careful screening and scrutinizing against the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 10 articles were included in the review. Overall, the children and adolescents with Down syndrome showed delays and dysfunction in performing various activities such as sitting, pulling to stand, standing, and walking. They also presented with compensatory mechanisms to maintain their equilibrium in static and dynamic activities. Conclusion: The motor development of children with Down syndrome is significantly delayed due to structural differences in the brain. These individuals have inefficient compensatory strategies like increasing step width, increasing frequency of mediolateral center of pressure displacement, decreasing anteroposterior displacement, increasing trunk stiffness, and increasing posterior trunk displacement to maintain equilibrium. Down syndrome presents with interindividual variations; therefore, a thorough evaluation is required before a structured intervention is developed to improve motor and balance dysfunction.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.167-188
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• 2013

In today's society with its emphasis on unlimited information access, control of available information about high-technology products is often vital to their success. When a product is released, consumers may initially be attracted through information about its remarkable internal and external features. They may also perceive a degree of congruence between their own personalities and the product image as more information becomes available over time. Consumers' changing impressions of the product may influence personality congruence negatively or positively. These changes and their effects on preference for high-technology products are the focus of this paper. A survey was given to a sample of 206 students at K University to investigate the degree to which consumer behavior can be influenced by personality congruence. The need for clear and definite product knowledge in this process and the effect of product information on preference were also investigated. Three analyses were conducted. The results of Analysis 1 showed the influence of personality congruence on preference for high-technology products. Judgments about personality congruence were based on non-compensatory rather than compensatory information processing. The respondents considered certain aspects of a product's personality rather than the product as a whole when making preference decisions. The results of Analysis 2 indicated that when less information was available about a product, consumers who perceived high personality congruence with the product tended to have higher preference for it compared to those who perceived low personality congruence with the product. On the other hand, when consumers were given more information, no difference was observed in the impact of personality on preference between perceived high and low personality congruence. Lastly, the results of Analysis 3 showed that when consumers with high need for closure (NFC) perceived high congruence between their own personalities and a product, objective information regarding the product was not used in decision-making: instead, judgments about the product were based on perceived personality congruence. On the other hand, high-NFC consumers who perceived low personality congruence between themselves and the product tended to require more information about the product in order to give it a positive evaluation. In contrast, low-NFC consumers who perceived high personality congruence felt comfortable with large amounts of information. For low-NFC consumers who perceived low congruence, the level of information had no influence on preference.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.694-704
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• 1988

A recursive parameter estimation scheme utilizing the variance perturbation method is applied to the workpiece deflection model during CNC turning process, in order to improve the cylindricity of slender workpiece. It features that it is based on exponentially weighted recursive least squares method with post-process measurement of finish surfaces at two locations and it does not require a priori knowledge on the time varying deflection model parameter. The measurements of finish surfaces by using two proximity sensors mounted face to face enable one to identify the straightness, guide-way, run-out eccentricity errors. Preliminary cutting tests show that the straightness error of the finish surface due to workpiece deflection during cutting is most dominant. Identifying the errors and recursive updating the parameter, the off-line control is carried out to compensate the workpiece deflection error, through single pass cutting. Experimental results show that the proposed method is superior to the conventional multi-pass cutting and the direct compensation control in cutting accuracy and efficiency.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.54-61
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• 2012

This study investigated the relationship between the response time of DVR (Dynamic Voltage Restorer) and the possible compensation range for voltage dips by the DVR system which protects the 3-phase phase-controlled rectifier from said dips. As a result, the permissible range of voltage dip is presented in a 3-phase phase-controlled rectifier. When the DVR compensates for voltage dip, the range of voltage dip can be compensated according to the DVR's response time. Using the proposed method, DVR response time can be determined from the parameters of the 3-phase phase-controlled rectifier and the possible compensatory range of voltage dip, while at the same time it is possible to use a control system having an appropriate speed. Therefore, the use of excessively fast equipment can be avoided, improving the stability of the overall system. The reliability of the DVR concerning the 3-phase phase-controlled rectifier can be verified by simulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.137-140
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• 1998

In this study, we have developed algorithms to find more effective solutions for compensatory decision-making problems in the case of the decision maker with fuzziness which can occur in a real world fuzzy environment. We have applied the algorithm to the problems related to the structural reform of the capital and the number of workers in the local industry. We have selected Taegu city for this study. In this study, we have determined the capital and the number of workers, satisfying maximum productivity and minimum air and water pollution under the constraints such as capital-labor ratio, the demand for land and water and the fluctuation of the capital and the number of workers. The determined capital and the number of workers could improve the competitive advantage of Taegu city and could be utilized as criteria for the compilation of the budget, determination of policy for supporting plan of companies, the forecast of number of workers and the training plan of workers.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.7
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• pp.441-449
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• 2017

Proteolysis in eukaryotic cells is mainly mediated by the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS) and the autophagy-lysosome system (hereafter autophagy). The UPS is a selective proteolytic system in which substrates are recognized and tagged with ubiquitin for processive degradation by the proteasome. Autophagy is a bulk degradative system that uses lysosomal hydrolases to degrade proteins as well as various other cellular constituents. Since the inception of their discoveries, the UPS and autophagy were thought to be independent of each other in components, action mechanisms, and substrate selectivity. Recent studies suggest that cells operate a single proteolytic network comprising of the UPS and autophagy that share notable similarity in many aspects and functionally cooperate with each other to maintain proteostasis. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk and interplay between the UPS and autophagy, with an emphasis on substrate selectivity and compensatory regulation under cellular stresses.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2017

Purpose: This study investigated the coordination and contribution of body segments during functioning. Methods: The relevant literature related to body segments and function were reviewed. Results: Efficient control of function is considered with regard to a participant's ability to perform a sequence of movements in body segments, which progresses from the head to the arm, trunk, pelvis, and leg segments. Each segment performs a specific role, which environment explorer using visual information for the head, reaching and grasping for the arms, a stabilizer for the trunk, and the distribution of COM in the pelvis and leg. Conclusion: During any of the movements, the momentum generated by the proximal segments is transferred to the adjacent distal segments in an appropriate sequence. In assessing function for clinical intervention strategies, the segment coordination, segment sequence, transfer of the center of body mass, asymmetrical ratio, muscle activity, and compensatory strategies should be considered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.19-28
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• 1999

In order to control thermal deformation of the machine origin of machine tools a empirical model and a compensation system have been developed, Prior to empirical modeling the volumetric error considering shape errors and joint errors of slides is formulated through the homogeneous transformation matrix (HTM) and kinematic chain. Simulation results of the HTM method show that the thermal error of the machine origin is more critical than position-dependent errors. In order to make a stable and effective software error compensation system the GMDH (Group Method of Data Handling) models are constructed to estimate the thermal deformation of the machine origin by measuring deformation data and temperature data. A test bar and gap sensors are used to measure the deformation data. In order to compensate the estimated error the work origin shift method is developed by implementing a digital I/O interface board between a CNC controller and an IBM PC. The method shifts the work origin as much as the amounts which are calculated by the pre-established thermal error model. The experiment results for a vertical machining center show that the thermal deformation of the machine origin is reduced within $\pm$5$mu extrm{m}$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.85-90
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• 1991

Weaner heifers were set stocked at 4/ha on a grass-legume pasture in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and either unsupplemented (Control) or for 338 days given daily supplements of one of, rice bran (RB) supplied at 1 kg/animal/d, molasses/urea (MU) or 0.5 RB + 0.5 MU (MURB) the amounts of which were adjusted to give similar energy intakes. There were 20 animals in each treatment. A drought resulted in low pasture availability for about half the supplementation period. The LWG per animal in the MURB treatment was 85 kg above that of the control and this was significantly greater (p < 0.01) than those for MU (62.0 kg) or RB (56.2 kg) although the economics favoured the gains from RB which returned over three times the cost of the supplement. Costs could be reduced by supplementing only at times of maximum undernutrition, but such a strategy is of doubtful value in this situation as there was no compensatory LWG and a similar rate of economic return was maintained throughout the period. The results suggest that additional benefits from the supplementation may be improved reproductive performance and more efficient use of pasture.

• Archives of Obesity and Metabolism
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2023

Compensatory changes in energy consumption and neuro-hormonal changes following weight loss make it difficult to maintain the reduced weight and may cause weight regain. Therefore, establishing a long-term weight control plan and strategy starting from the initial weight loss period is necessary. Both the patient and doctor should know that weight loss cannot occur continuously, and that maintaining weight after the weight loss period is the basic course of obesity treatment. No single dietary pattern is effective for weight maintenance, and a variety of dietary control methods - such as calorie restriction and healthy proportions of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, and meal replacements - should be used to target an integrated and healthy dietary habit. An increase in physical activity is needed for weight loss and maintenance; however, rather than recommending an excessive amount of exercise, it is better to set realistic and long-term achievable goals. It is necessary to reset the goal according to the patient's weight maintenance stage and continuously apply behavioral therapies, such as self-monitoring and stress management. In previous studies, since the degree of weight loss and changes in behavioral patterns over the course of one year were important factors in maintaining long-term weight loss, obesity therapists should closely examine patient data and behavioral patterns across a period of one year and actively intervene when needed.