• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.147-156
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• 2020

ACM's CSTA has drafted standards for computing curricula and recommended them to schools in the United States. The five core concepts of the US elementary school computing curriculum are computing systems, network and the Internet, data and analysis, algorithms and programming, and impacts of computing. In 2005, Korea prepared ICT education guidelines, including five fields, their subfields, and achievement criteria for each subfield. In the 2015 revised curriculum, software education was introduced and five achievement standards were set. The ACM CSTA has 18 achievement criteria up to K-2 and 21 achievement criteria up to K-5. If we compare the 39 achievement standards of the US to Korea, Korea's 2005 ICT education guidelines include 25 of these, and the 2015 revised curriculum includes 5 of them. In this study, we aim to study the CSTA achievement criteria that second graders should know and the achievement criteria that fifth graders should know. This is compared and analyzed with Korea's 2005 ICT Guidelines and 2015 Software Curriculum. In comparison with the number of achievement standards, the US elementary school's computing achievement standards are much higher than in Korea. Comparing with each standard, there are many areas that are not covered in Korean curriculum, and we can see that the 2015 curriculum has rather receded from 2005.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.27-36
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• 2001

중.소기업의 장점은 대기업이 할 수 없는 틈새시장의 공략이다. 대기업이 디자인 개발을 거대조직 안에서 비교적 긴 시간을 요구하며 체계적으로 이행해 나갈 동안 중.소기업은 수익성이 발견되는 아이템에 대하여 매우 발빠르게 이를 추진하고 전략을 세워 비교적 찬은 기간에 제한된 범위의 시장점유 계획을 추진해 나갈 수 있다. 컴퓨터 데스크는 사용자의 사용환경과 목적의 변화에 따라 그때그때 얼마든지 대기업이 하기 어려운 중.소기업 특유의 전략제품이라 할 수 있다. 본 고는 국가적 생산주체로 최근 중.소기업 활성화를 위한 지역특성화 추진계획에 힘입어 지방의 한 가구생산업체에 대한 $\ulcorner$99년도 산학혈동연구개발사업$\lrcorner$ 지원의 개발과정과 그 결과물에 대한 보고서라 할 수 있다. 작업공간 팔용 증대를 위한 컨셉 내용을 유형별로 제시하면서 과연 어떠한 것이 중.소기업 특유의 전략상품으로 적절한 것인지를 파악해 보았다. 컨셉의 내용과 특징에 따라 5가지의 유형을 제시하였으며 그 가운데(키보드 전.후 슬라이드(Slide) 형>이 소비자 요구와 생산성, 적가성(適價性), 에너지 절약성, 사용성 둥의 제 조건을 충족시킬 수 있는 것으로 판단되어 작업공간 팔용 증대를 위한 컴퓨터 데스크로서 적합함을 결론지을 수 있었다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈C:초등수학교육
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.111-130
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 초등학교 수학에서 다루어지는 중요 개념 중 하나인 분수에 대하여 한국, 일본, 싱가포르, 미국, 핀란드 교과서에 제시된 내용을 비교 분석하였다. 이것은 분수의 하위 개념의 다양함, 그리고 도입 방식이나 전개 과정의 특징적 차이가 나타난다는 것과 각 나라의 개념 도입 방식의 장점과 단점을 분석함으로써 유의미한 분수 학습을 위한 준비를 위해서이다. 분석 결과, 분수 도입 상황은 5개 나라 교과서 모두 부분-전체(영역)로 도입하였지만, 수직선 활용이나 대분수 정의와 가분수-대분수 간의 변환 방식, 이산량을 다루는 것의 여부, 동치분수 구하는 방법, 분수 크기비교의 배열 순서와 같은 내용의 구성이나 선정 면에서 여러 가지 차이가 나타났다. 이러한 분석을 통해 본 연구에서는 분수 도입상황의 재고, 분수 도입 시 수직선의 활용 문제, 내용의 유형화와 분절화의 문제 등을 논의하였다.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.72-86
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to explore and understand the suicide ideation and survival experience of Korean elders in America. Methods: A phenomenological research method guided data collection and analysis. A total of five elders reported having had suicide ideation participated. Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews. All interviews were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. Coding was used to establish different concepts and categories. Results: The following three constituents have been identified: retrospective focus based on the suicide ideation through the immigrant life, facing reality through comparison between the life in America and in Korea, survival skills and constructing view of life. Conclusion: The result of this study may contribute for health professionals working at various crisis settings to understand Korean immigrant elders with suicide ideation.

• 종양간호연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2004

The purpose of the study was to understand and explore the quality of life in cancer patients in the context of a Korean culture and society. Grounded theory method guided the data collection and analysis. A total of 10 cancer patients was selected by a theoretical sampling. The data were collected by an open question. All interviews were audio taped and transcribed verbatim. Constant comparison analysis was employed to analyze the data. As the results, eighty-five concepts and twelve categories were emerged, and "keeping well-being status" identified as a core category. Quality of life related categories derived from this study will academically contribute to the understanding and expansion of theoretical bases for quality of life of Korean cancer patients and to the contexts for the development of measurement of quality of life. Furthermore, they will function as the foundation of a intervention development for quality of life.

• STI Policy Review
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.85-110
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• 2015

Science and technology diplomacy has become an important policy agenda because of its diplomatic utility and enhancing of international science networks. However, different countries possess different objectives and governance of S&T diplomacy. In this context, this paper seeks to answer the following questions: what are the similarities and differences of S&T diplomacy in countries and what shapes these characteristics? To answer these questions, this paper conducts a comparative case study with five countries - Switzerland, Germany, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States - whose S&T diplomatic programs are highly recognized and benchmarked by other countries. A useful typology is devised to conduct a systematic comparison. For S&T diplomatic objectives, this paper suggests five types by elaborating concepts from the previous literature: access diplomacy, promotion diplomacy, public aid diplomacy, functional diplomacy, and global leadership diplomacy. Also, in terms of a governance model for S&T diplomacy, three models - a sciencecentered model, a science-outsourcing model and a top-down coordinating model - are suggested based on leadership organization. This paper reveals the different characteristics of the selected countries in S&T diplomacy. While the selected countries pursue almost every type of S&T diplomatic objective, the US and the UK tend to conduct influence-based diplomacy more than other countries do. In addition, different countries each have unique governance models for S&T diplomacy. While more research is necessary for vigorously testing the causes of different objectives and their relationship with governance models, this paper suggests more general policy implications throughout. The strength of the country's S&T base is fundamentally important for the success of S&T diplomacy. However, domestic S&T assets need to be transferred to its diplomatic capabilities. In this sense, the appropriate governance that fits best with the country's S&T mission should be established, while S&T communities should increasingly play a leadership role in evolving global S&T networks.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.919-929
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 지질구조에 대한 모델링기반 학습 프로그램을 개발하고 모델링기반 학습에서 나타나는 논증패턴과 학생들의 정신모형 수준과의 관계를 밝히고자 하였다. 고등학교 2학년 126명을 대상으로 대륙이동설, 해령, 변환단층, 단층의 특징에 대하여 4회의 모델링기반 학습을 실시하였다. 연구대상 중에서 2개 학급은 실험집단으로 모델링기반 학습을 실시하였고 나머지 2개 학급은 비교집단으로 교사중심 설명식 수업을 실시하였다. 모델링기반 학습 후 실험집단과 비교집단의 사후 성취도와 학생들의 정신모형 분포를 정량적으로 비교하였다. 실험집단 중 5개 조의 논증활동을 녹음 전사한 자료에 대하여 본 연구에서 설정한 분석틀을 근거로 정성적으로 분석하였다. 본 연구의 분석틀은 TAP의 5가지 요소와 학생들의 대안개념이 포함되는 요소 5가지 등 총 10가지의 코딩 요소로 구성하였다. 정신모형 유형을 조사한 결과, 실험집단에서 단면 인과모형과 입체형 모형의 비율이 높게 나타난 반면, 비교집단에서는 2차원 모형과 단면 단순모형의 비중이 높게 나타났다. 논증유형을 분석한 결과, 주장의 빈도가 높을수록 논증활동이 성공적으로 이루어졌고 정신모형의 수준이 높게 나타났다. 반박이 제기된 경우, 만든 모형을 다시 관찰하여 자료를 수정하고, 이에 따라 주장을 다시 전개하였다. 이로써 모델링기반 학습에서 모형이 학생들의 논증 과정에 긍정적으로 작용함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.147-165
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• 2008

IT education can be summarized as persuading the educatee to accept IT. The persuasion is made by delivering the messages for how-to-use and where-to-use to the educatee, which leads formulation of a belief structure for using IT. Therefore, message based persuasion theory, as well as IT acceptance theories such as technology acceptance model(TAM), would play a very important role for explaining IT education. According to elaboration likelihood model(ELM) that has been considered as one of the most influential persuasion theories, people change attitude or perception by two routes, central route and peripheral route. In central route, people would think critically about issue-related arguments in an informational message. In peripheral route, subjects rely on cues regarding the target behavior with less cognitive efforts. Moreover, such persuasion process is not a one-shot program but continuous repetition with feedbacks, which leads to changing a belief structure for using IT. An educatee would get more knowledge and experiences of using IT as following an education program, and be more dependent on a central route than a peripheral route. Such change would reformulate a belief structure which is different from the intial one. The objectives of this study are the following two: First, an identification of the relationship between ELM and belief structures for using IT. Especially, we analyze the effects of message interpretation through both of central and peripheral routes on perceived usefulness which is an important explaining variable in TAM and perceived use control which have perceived ease of use and perceived controllability as sub-dimensions. Second, a longitudinal analysis of the above effects. In other words, change of the relationship between interpretation of message delivered by IT education and beliefs of IT using is analyzed longitudinally. For achievement of our objectives, we suggest a research model, which is constructed as three-layered. While first layer has a dependent variable, use intention, second one has perceived usefulness and perceived use control that has two sub-concepts, perceived ease of use and perceived controllability. Finally, third one is related with two routes in ELM, source credibility and argument quality which are operationalization of peripheral route and central route respectively. By these variables, we suggest five hypotheses. In addition to relationship among variables, we suggest two additional hypotheses, moderation effects of time in the relationships between perceived usefulness and two routes. That is, source credibility's influence on perceived usefulness is decreased as time flows, and argument quality's influence is increased. For validation of it, our research model is tested empirically. With measurements which have been validated in the other studies, we survey students in an Excel class two times for longitudinal analysis. Data Analysis is done by partial least square(PLS), which is known as an appropriate approach for multi-group comparison analysis with a small sized sample as like this study. In result. all hypotheses are statistically supported. One of theoretical contributions in this study is an analysis of IT education based on ELM and TAM which are considered as important theories in psychology and IS theories respectively. A longitudinal analysis by comparison between two surveys based on PLS is also considered as a methodological contribution. In practice, finding the importance of peripheral route in early stage of IT education should be notable.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.195-215
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• 2016

Rehabilitation of historical unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings is a priority in many parts of the world, since those buildings are a living part of history and a testament of human achievement of the era of their construction. Many of these buildings are still operational; comprising brittle materials with no reinforcements, with spatially distributed mass and stiffness, they are not encompassed by current seismic assessment procedures that have been developed for other structural types. To facilitate the difficult task of selecting a proper rehabilitation strategy - often restricted by international treaties for non-invasiveness and reversibility of the intervention - and given the practical requirements for the buildings' intended reuse, this paper presents a practical procedure for assessment of seismic demands of URM buildings - mainly historical constructions that lack a well-defined diaphragm action. A key ingredient of the method is approximation of the spatial shape of lateral translation, ${\Phi}$, that the building assumes when subjected to a uniform field of lateral acceleration. Using ${\Phi}$ as a 3-D shape function, the dynamic response of the system is evaluated, using the concepts of SDOF approximation of continuous systems. This enables determination of the envelope of the developed deformations and the tendency for deformation and damage localization throughout the examined building for a given design earthquake scenario. Deformation demands are specified in terms of relative drift ratios referring to the in-plane and the out-of-plane seismic response of the building's structural elements. Drift ratio demands are compared with drift capacities associated with predefined performance limits. The accuracy of the introduced procedure is evaluated through (a) comparison of the response profiles with those obtained from detailed time-history dynamic analysis using a suite of ten strong ground motion records, five of which with near-field characteristics, and (b) evaluation of the performance assessment results with observations reported in reconnaissance reports of the field performance of two neoclassical torsionally-sensitive historical buildings, located in Thessaloniki, Greece, which survived a major earthquake in the past.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.49-61
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• 1998

Zoning areas within national parks in Korea are classified into Natural Preservation Zone(NPZ). Natural Environment Zone(NEZ), Settlement Zone(SZ) and Mass Facility Zone(MFZ) based on the Natural Park Act Large-scale development which might cause permanent destruction of natural resources are being done in NEZ which covers 90% of the total natural park area. Thus it is necessary to examine National Park Act which refers the authorized criteria and development activities of NEZ. However, the current environmental impact statement(EIS) does not cover the full impact of the development inside the national park area. Based on these concepts, the study examines the appropriate resources to distinguish the NPZ and NEZ in Mt. Teogyu National Park, then compare the distribution of resource characteristics between two area by using GIS. Through this study, the conclusions are as follows; (1) In terms of scenic resource analysis, the current NPZ does not meet the criteria on the National Park Act Rather, most of the resources which should be located within the NPZ are located within the NEZ. (2) In terms of elevation analysis, Mt. Teogyu National Park, most of NPZ are located on high altitude which is more than l,200m above the mean sea level. Therefore, it shows the elevation is the only criteria for distinguishing NPZ and NEZ. (3) In terms of Degree of Green Naturality(DGN), the second forest areas, the eighth grade of DGN in Mt. Teogyu National Park are distributed much more in the NEZ than NPZ. (4) After examining five factors - scenic resources, elevation, slope and DGN, vegetation- it was found out that zoning of Mt. Teogyu National Park is not adequatly designated. Zoning of national parks should be accomplished based on the precise inventory of the current resources.