• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.19-30
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to compare the characteristics of floor plan of $85m^2$-sized housing units with 2-bay and 3-bay and the residents' satisfaction with them. The subjects for analyzing floor plan were six floor plans of $85m^2$-sized housing units with 2-bay and nine floor plans of housing units with 3-bay in the new town, Hwamyeong-dong, in Busan. The floor plans were analyzed based on seven characteristics of floor plans such as the composition type of entrance core hall, the entrance arrangement, width and depth of the housing unit, size of each room, LDK arrangement, arrangement of family bathroom and private bathroom for husband and wife, and balcony arrangement. The subjects for grasping satisfaction with each housing unit were 400 residents of $85m^2$-sized housing units. A half of them lived in housing units with 2-bay and another half of them with 3-bay in the same area. They answered about the degree of satisfaction with the characteristics of each room and the preferred floor plan type if they move to the same size housing units through a questionnaire. The results were as follows; First, the floor plan with 3-bay had more diverse elements than one with 2-bay. Second, the residents who lived in 3-bay housing unit were younger, higher education, and higher income than the ones in 2-bay. Third, the residents who lived in $85m^2$-sized housing unit were more satisfied with and preferred to 3-bay housing units than 2-bay one.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.46-56
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• 2012

Though Korea and China have a lot of things in common, these two countries have developed different housing style. However, after modernization, apartments have become major housing style in both Korea and China. So this research analyzed 240 apartment plans which was build in Seoul and Beijing in 2000s and 2010s to predict the future trends for apartments. The results are as follows: The opening direction of the front door will be outwards as the hallway space of small apartments in China become wider as the living standards is increasing. Because of the floor sitting lifestyle, Koreans end outdoor activities when take off their shoes at the entrance hall and continue for indoor activities, they separate entrance hall from livingroom. However, because Chinese have chair sitting lifestyle, entrance hall and livingroom is not divided. Korean apartment shows a trend which connects livingroom, diningroom and kitchen altogether; however, Chinese apartment shows a trend which separates kitchen from livingroom and diningroom. Bedrooms are showing a trend of distributed layout. Master bedroom are showing a trend which includes separate bathroom or attached room as the size of apartment increases and so on.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Interior Design Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.31-35
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• 2004

The The purpose of this study was to compare of the characteristics of floor plan and housing satisfaction with two types of housing units, 2-bay and 3-bay. Two bay housing unit is one that two rooms, a bedroom and a living room, are in the front side of housing unit, and 3-bay is one that three rooms such as two bedrooms and a living room are in the front side. 15floor 85m$^2$-sized plans of housing unit were analyzed. There were differences in the arrangement of entrance, balcony, and bathrooms between two types of housing units. The subjects were 200 housewife who lived in 2-bay housing unit and 200 ones in 3-bay one. The residents who lived in 3-bay were younger, higher education and income level, and more home ownerships than ones in 2-bay. The residents in 3-bay were more satisfied with their housing unit than in 2-bay.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.1-17
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to establish objectives for ninth grade studies of heredity and evolution in middle school in an attempt to foster students' consciousness of bioethics, and it's additionally intended to develop and apply lesson plans handling different points at issue and to determine the effects of the lesson plans on the bioethics of middle school students. The subjects in this study were 152 ninth graders in a middle school, whose science scores were similar. An experimental group and a control group were made up of 76 students respectively, and a pretest was conducted with test paper developed by this researcher to assess their awareness of bioethics. The experimental group took lessons by using the teaching plans prepared in this study, and the control group received typical education according to the curriculum. And then a posttest was implemented with test paper developed in this study to compare the two groups. In addition their science grades were compared as well. The findings of the study were as follows: First, seven learning objectives were selected from three units related to bioethics in the third-year 8th category of heredity and evolution of middle school. Second, in order to attain the selected learning objectives, four session lesson plans were prepared. Third, the experimental group that studied using by the lesson plans made better progress in bioethics awareness and the gap between the two was statistically significant(t=6.61, p<.001). The former were ahead of the latter in consciousness about species equity(t=7.71, p<.001), the dignity of life (t=3.78, p<.001), human rights(t=2.99, p<.01) and equity among generations(t=2.66, p<.01), but not in awareness of the diversity of species. Fourth, there was no significant gap in science scores between the students studied according to the curriculum and those who received instructions by using the lesson plans developed in the study.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.41
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• pp.112-120
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to review the plan composition characteristics of the super high-rise apartment. 20 cases were selected in Seoul and Kyunggi area that were planned or constructed since 1999, and 10 unit plans were analyzed to review such design characteristics as block type & entry access type, plane figure, opening layout, area distribution and spice composition of unit plan. The result of the study shows that the super high-rise apartment has more variant block types and plane figures compare with the conventional high-rise apartment, and it also has several design characteristics in plane composition such as the increase of the number of the walls with openings, the weakening of the spatial centralization of a living room and the dispersion of rooms with the increase of connection by corridors.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.79-88
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• 2009

A planned access method on constantly-changing-community unit plan changes and develops based on the periodical situation and also plan theory. In this research, it is to present the link between the theory of complex city change and the plan factor of it, and to show how Korean residential complex plan has changed as time passed and how new concept of city plan came up and by applying new methods how can this affect our real world and the past plan. In the phase of analysis, it analyzed the flow of 'community unit plan' and its theory and investigated the factor of compositional space and built a analysis frame. The factors of community unit plan are space structure, size and shape of block, population, distribution of facilities and movement system. It chose the place that can represent the flow of community unit plan trand and that indicates the obvious development leading to Jamsil (1975), Gwa Chun (1980), Mok Dong (1983), Sang Ge (1985), Ilsan (1989), Dong tan (2001) and Eun Jung (2003) total of 7 places. And to compare a similar size of the city, it selected a small community unit. Based on the result of theoretical study and prior research, it can be said that the space composition style has change from a whole complete complex area to a linked-cross over community unit and the access of urban level was on set. Also, a pedestrian walking area was secured and the dense of building structure and pleasant environment wanting need was in balance. For facility plans, the usage of facility and functional change brought change of type, size and disposition. The walking area for pedestrian became a huge matter. Therefore, market, education, public facilities and green system collaborated to co-build a whole community unit and activated the walking environment. Also, public transportation, environment friendly city organization was built.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.68-75
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• 2016

Realization of zero waste society, which includes reduction, recycling and reuse of waste, has been a huge issue in Korea recently, and many experts are proposing various improvement plans in the establishment of political system. In particular, the current EPR system is partially agreed on its external achievement, but many problems are arising from the enforcement of the system. Therefore, flexible revisions and modifications on recycling policy are necessary. In order to understand the insufficiency and problem of the expansion of items in current EPR system, this study examined the actual generation and basic unit in small, medium and large-scale apartment complexes in B City and predicted the items that do not appear in the statistics to compare and analyze the problems in current recycling based on their result value; a survey was conducted on 137 experts and students of relevant major that live in B City on the items of EPR system and their perceptions to indicate the error in the necessity of items in EPR system that are generally underperceived by people and the error of current recycling system, and solution plans were sought to establish smooth future system.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.61-79
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• 2010

The purposes of this study were to develop lesson plans of library assisted practical problem-based teaching-learning for 'life and career planning' unit in high school Technology Home Economics Subject and to compare the learning effect of this lesson plan with that of practical problem-based teaching-learning in class. The change in student's perception about home economics subject was also compared after two types of teaching-learning process. The contents of the high school Technology Home Economics textbooks and curriculum guide book for the year of 2007 curriculum revision were analyzed. Based on these analysis 10 library assisted practical problem-based teaching-learning lesson plans on 'life and carrer planning' unit were developed. The high school students living in Gyeonggi province as an experimental group participated in library assisted practical problem-based teaching-learning. The control group of students who had same condition with the experimental group were taught by same lesson plans in class. After the experiment, the changes in attitudes toward life and career planning and in perception about Home Economics subject were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance. The more significant positive attitudes toward life and career planning were found in the experimental group of students compared with those of the control group of students. And compared with the control group of students, the experimental group of student perceived more positively about characteristics of Home Economics subject. Thus, the following conclusion was made that the library assisted practical problem-based teaching-learning could be one of the useful teaching-learning methods to improve attitude toward life and career planning and perception about Home Economics subject.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare volumetric modulated arc therapy(VMAT) with fixed-field intensity modulated radiation therapy(IMRT) using non-coplanar beam when the shape of target is irregular and the location is adjacent to organ at risk(OAR). Materials and Methods: The subjects of this study were a total of 6 patients who had radiation therapy for whole scalp(2 patients), partial scalp(2 patients), and whole ventricle(2 patients) by True Beam STX(Varian Medical Systems, USA). VMAT plans consisted of coplanar or non-coplanar arcs which can minimize the volume of OAR included in beamlets. All fixed-field IMRT plans consisted of non-coplanar beams using more than 2 angles of Couch. Results: The VMAT and IMRT plans were compared with regard to the maximum dose of both lens, both optic nerves, optic chiasm, and brain stem and the mean dose of both eyeballs and hippocampus. VMAT plans showed higher dose than ncIMRT plans at more than 6 of all OARs in every patient, and the ratio was from 1.1 times to 8.2 times. In case of total scalp and partial scalp, the volume of brain which received more than 20 Gy in the VMAT plans was 2 times larger than the volume in the ncIMRT plans. In case of whole ventricle, there was no significant difference. Target coverage was satisfied in both plans($PTV_{100%}=95%$). The maximum dose in target volume and required monitor unit(MU) of ncIMRT were higher than them of VMAT plans. Conclusion: Even though ncIMRT is less efficient than VMAT with regard to required MU and treatment time, the dose to OARs is much lower than VMAT and PTV Coverage is similar with VMAT. If the shape of target is irregular and location is adjacent to OAR, comparison VMAT plan with ncIMRT plan deserves to be considered.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.22
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• pp.9979-9983
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• 2014

Background: The population of Songkhla, a province in Southern Thailand, can be divided into a predominantly Muslim subpopulation (PMSP, approximately 70% Muslim) and a predominantly Buddhist subpopulation (PBSP, around 14% Muslim). Objectives: This study was conducted to 1) describe the incidence of various cancers in both PMSP and PBSP, and 2) compare the incidence of various cancers between the two subpopulations. Materials and Methods: Cancer cases diagnosed between 1990 and 2010 were drawn from the database of Songkhla Cancer Registry. Population denominators were estimated from the 3 population censuses surveyed by the National Statistical Office of Thailand in 1990, 2000, and 2010. Results: The age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) of the 5 commonest male cancers among both subpopulations were calculated. In females, a lower incidence of cancers of the cervix and breast in PMSP compared to PBSP, with odds ratios of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.45-0.64) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.43-0.60) respectively, was observed. In males, the incidence of cancers of the lung, liver, colon-rectum, and some other cancers were significantly different between the two populations in the past, but only prostate cancer showed a lower incidence among males in PMSP in recent years. Independent of sex and year of diagnosis, the incidence of lung, liver, NHL, and colorectal cancers was lower in MPSP compared to BPSP, with odds ratios of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.65-0.85), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.62-0.88), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.60-0.91), and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.56-0.78) respectively. Conclusions: The differences in incidence of some cancers and religionrelated culture between the two subpopulations need 2 sets of cancer-control plans and goals to fit the unique population context in deep Southern Thailand. This plan can be used in the 3 southernmost provinces of Thailand where the percentage of Muslims is over 85%.