• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
• /
• v.17 no.1
• /
• pp.130-151
• /
• 2018

China's cultural diplomacy is mostly understood as an endeavour to build and project soft power, which draws on three sources of 'culture, political values and foreign policy' according to Nye. This paper focuses on the debates about the vehicle and agents of China's cultural diplomacy. It starts with a theoretical discussion of the competing views in the Chinese context, and develops an argument that the vehicle of China's cultural diplomacy tries to project soft power on two wheels of culture and political values, to serve the purpose of reshaping China's image away from being the 'cultural other' and 'ideological other' respectively. However, the state-led approach to driving this vehicle is generating some side effects with its sponsorship, censorship and presence in the driver's seat. Then the paper analyses the inherent tensions existing in practice both between the two sources of building soft power and between the two means of doing so, attraction and persuasion, with empirical evidence through a comparative case study of the Confucius Institutes in the US and South Korea. The finding shows that China's attempt at reshaping its image as an Eastern cultural contestant is often disrupted by its authoritarian political values, and the state-led persuasion is often reducing China's cultural attraction. Following this, the paper finishes with some recommendations regarding evolving the cultural diplomacy approach from a vertical one that is government-centred to a horizontal one that is network-based with multiple agents, and localising its practice by engaging the target audiences as stakeholders.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.411-419
• /
• 2011

Recently concept of self-leadership that leads one's own activities toward right direction through self-control or self-management has been being focused on practices as well as academia. This study is to investigate the influence between self-leadership strategies and learning performance at IT classes mediated by attitude of attendance focused on the social science students at an university. This study performed the comparative study to investigate whether differences among Korean(64 samples) and Chinese(31 samples) students is or not Research results can give us right direction of task-taking attitudes in firms or learning attitudes in teaching organization and implications to human resource managers who are in charge of improving learning performance or productivity.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.65-82
• /
• 2012

This study examines open market websites of Korea and China and identifies differences in the web design factors so as to verify how the design factors affect consumers' trust and purchase intention in the open market websites. Two hundred consumers, respectively in Korea and China, filled out survey questionnaires. According to the survey result, design factors of open market websites of both countries consisted of context, contents, communities, communication, connectivity and commercial transaction; and trust-building factors were comprised of customer services, product perception and security perception. This study found that there was no significant difference in the design factors of open market websites between the two countries, but trust levels in accordance with design factors and purchase intention in accordance with trust level differed by country. Therefore, this result would help Korean companies targeting Chinese consumers understand that there are differences between Korean and Chinese consumers in their trust level and purchase intention in accordance with open market website designs; encourage Korean online shopping malls to move to the Chinese market; and provide rich insights into developing marketing plans based on the different web design factors of Korean and Chinese open markets.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.144-148
• /
• 2005

As the digital environment expended, concern about importance of narrative and its value has been increased. But detailed study regarding narrative analysis leaves much to be desired. Most studies on animation narrative structure are focused on Japanese and Disney animation of America, shot films in particular. Plus these have not been done by the comparative method but separately by product. This study aims at clarifying the peculiar narrative characteristics between Chinese and American animation through the comparative analysis about s, which are produced in the respective countries, China on behalf of High-context culture and America as the Low-context culture.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.135-151
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between teachers' beliefs and instructional activities in regards to the DAP (Developmentally Appropriate Practice) of Korean and Chinese early childhood teachers. A number of both teacher variables and classroom environment variables were also examined. One hundred and ninety three Korean early childhood teachers and 385 Chinese early childhood teachers responded to the TeacherQuestionnaireas issued. The results of this study were as follows. First, Korean early childhood teachers showed higher scores in terms of teachers' beliefs about DAP than DIP (Developmentally Inappropriate Practice). Chinese early childhood teachers showed higher scores for teachers' beliefs about DIP. Second, Korean teachers' scores in terms of instructional activities for DAP showed differences depending on the degree of teaching experience and the teachers' age, and the scores for instructional activities related to DIP did not show any differences in any of the teacher variables. On the other hand, Chinese teachers exhibited different scores for the instructional activities for both DAP and DIP, again depending on the amount of teaching experience, the teachers' ages, and the ages of the children they taught. Third, a relationship between teachers' beliefs and instructional activities for DAP was found to be in evidence in Korea, but not in China.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.181-199
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study is to verify the extended technology readiness and acceptance model according to the characteristics of technology for the continuous use motive of SNS users. In particular, we conducted a comparative study on the differences in technology readiness and acceptance model between countries through the empirical analysis of the users of SNS in Korea and China with different technological and cultural environments. The results of this study are as follows; First, Positive technology readiness index has a positive effect on performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions, which are variables of UTAUT. Positive technology readiness also has a positive effect on Enjoyment, which is added in this study. Second, negative technology readiness index has negative effect on performance expectancy and social influence, which are variables of UTAUT. In addition, negative technology readiness index has not a significant effect on enjoyment, which was added in this study. Finally, the relationship between technology readiness index, motivation for technology acceptance, and continuously intention to use has a partially different influence on the Korean and Chinese users. Based on the results of this study, this study suggested academic implications and practical implications.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.33 no.4
• /
• pp.52-64
• /
• 2015

This study was carried out investigation of characteristics palace gardens representing historical background, political and cultural identity in Korea, China, and Japan. It had been done a comparative analysis in formation, location and site layout, site composition, landscape elements and planning, landscape technique and vista for palace gardens in East asia's three countries. In order to process this study, Changdeokgung Palace in Korea, Summer Palace in China and Sento Imperial Palace in Japan were selected based on similar status. therefore it provide theoretical foundation to investigate the identity of palace gardens in three countries. Furthermore the study determined homogeneity(similarity) and heterogeneity(differentiation) of the characteristics between palace gardens in three countries through the in-depth comparative analysis in order to investigate identity of palace gardens in three countries and to present the value of Korean palace garden. Homogeneity and heterogeneity between palace gardens in three countries deducted from the study were summarized as follows; First, it shows indigenous style of Korean garden throughout adapting natural terrain without natural destruction. Second, various symbolic elements which ie reflected East asian ideologies present in the gardens. Chinese thoughts and technique were influenced in the development of palace garden in Korea and implemented in similar ways of China. Homogeneity of utilizing waterscape could be found in three countries. Lastly, Palace garden in Changdeokgung had played a role as cultural place with taste for the arts rather than representing authority of the throne. It appears to be similar in China and Japan. The reason how Korea, China and Japan established their own independent style is that each palace garden had been developed to embrace indigenous culture with introduced elements even though they were closely bound up with culture.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.739-751
• /
• 2020

This study compares and analyzes bridal wedding styles in Korean and Chinese SNS. For this, 715 photos (362 in Korea and 353 in China) collected on social media (Instagram and Xiaohongshu) were used for analysis. The bridal wedding style was divided by item into wedding dress, makeup, and hairstyle, and detailed characteristics of images and designs were examined through content analysis and statistical analysis. First, in the case of Korea, many wedding dresses showed ball gowns and mermaid silhouettes, white colors, and no details and trimmings. As for the makeup, transparent and natural skin expression, straight eyebrows, and pink and peach lip colors were highlighted; and as for hairstyles, many long hair with half-covered ears appeared. Second, in China, a ball gown, mermaid silhouette, and white color are often seen in wedding dresses, and point colors and use of various details and trimmings are noted. The makeup showed a lot of bright skin expression, brown and black eyebrows, and red and brown lip colors. As for hairstyle, a lot of long hair with completely exposed ears appeared. Third, the comparison of bridal wedding styles between Korea and China indicated that China used relatively more details and trimmings in wedding dresses. As for makeup, Korea has a natural image, and China has a classic image. As for the hairstyle, there were many styles in which Koreans had half the ears covered, and Chinese had no bangs and completely exposed ears.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.283-300
• /
• 2013

As one of the most popular forms of social commerce, on-line social commerce can provide many benefits for consumers, such as lower prices, information sharing, and so on. This research attempted to compare the differences of social commerce participation behavior between Korean consumers and Chinese consumers. The paper also studied the effect of demographic factors and individual propensities on consumer's participation behavior, such as the need for cognition, innovativeness, interactivity, reliability, groupism, and price consciousness. The results and conclusions of this research are as follows. First, consumer's individual propensities are different between China and Korea. In general, Korean participants have a higher level of innovativeness and price consciousness and a lower level of groupism than Chinese participants. Second, the influential factors of social commerce website visiting frequency and the participation in social commerce are different between the two countries. In Korea, consumer's age, innovativeness, and price consciousness have evident effects on the visiting frequency of social commerce websites. While in China, consumer's education, job, innovativeness, and groupism are significant.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.6 no.4
• /
• pp.334-339
• /
• 2012

This study was conducted to compare body shape satisfaction, body image perception, weight control status, and dietary habits of Korean and Chinese female high school students in order to provide information for proper body image perception of adolescents. 221 students in Yongin, a city in Korea, and 227 students in Weihai, a city in China, were surveyed using questionnaires. Body shape satisfaction was significantly higher in Chinese students (P < 0.001) compared to Korean students. 76.2% of Korean students and 72.7% of Chinese students wanted a thinner body shape than their present body shapes. Experiences of weight control, laxative or diuretics uses, eating during weight control, and vomiting after eating were significantly higher in Korean students (P < 0.05-P < 0.001) compared to Chinese students. The score for dietary habits was significantly higher in Chinese students (P < 0.001) compared to Korean students, suggesting a more desirable dietary habit among Chinese students. Students of both countries showed a significantly positive correlation between body shape satisfaction and dietary habits, suggesting that as body shape satisfaction increases, dietary habits become more desirable. In conclusion, Korean female students showed a more distorted body image perception and had more poor dietary habits than Chinese students. Nutritional education for the establishment of normal body weight, proper body image perception, and healthy dietary habits are needed.