• Health Policy and Management
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.256-266
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• 2017

Background: Primary health care (PHC) plays a major role to ensure the basic right and equal distribution of the essential health care services. This study presents comparative analyses of PHC in Korea and Uzbekistan, discusses the existing scenario and the challenges, and provides recommendations. Methods: This study reviewed secondary data from Korea's National Statistical Information Service and the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Statistic, regulatory legislation, research reports, and policy papers by research and international institutions. We focus on comparing input and outcome health data, PHC structure, and health expenditure. Results: Overall health status of the population in Korea is better than in Uzbekistan; both countries achieved more than 95% immunization coverage. The reforms implemented in both countries provide initial health care service delivery. However, there are several challenges such as the distribution of the staff between urban and rural areas and interest of the graduates on specialization rather than working in PHC system. Conclusion: PHC plays an important role in the provision of medical services to the population, addressing both health and social problems; it is the best tool for achieving universal coverage for basic health needs of the population. The community health practitioners in Korea and nurses in Uzbekistan plays main role in universal coverage through providing essential health care services. Continuous reform of the PHC system should be directed to strengthen the capacity of the PHC staff in health promotion knowledge and activities as well as to encourage population to improve their own health.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.565-576
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• 2020

This study compares and analyzes satisfaction with Korean and Canadian primary medical care based on a survey of Koreans living in Canada. Based on data collected from Koreans who live in Canada, a paired sample t-test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and GLM were used. The main conclusions of this study are as follows. First, overall satisfaction with Korean primary care was high. Second, the results of the analysis were stable, regardless of gender, age, education, and residential area. Third, overall satisfaction with Korean medical care was higher than for medical care in Canada. Fourth, satisfaction was high in terms of treatment skill and technology, and promptness in appointments, but was low in terms of medical expense. Fifth, there was a high level of confidence in physician skills and practices, but there was no significant difference in terms of sufficient counseling and explanations. Finally, the survey found that the tendency to increase medical treatment volume in order to increase a physician's own income was large. As a result of detailed analysis, it was concluded that Korea's primary care is more competitive than in Canada, but the primary medical doctors' patient interview and explanation obligations, and incentives to control income and medical expenses, need to be improved.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.187-198
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was to compare and examine the factors influencing burden of primary family caregivers according to the severity of illness of elderly patients admitted in an intensive care unit. Methods: Subjects were the families of elderly patients in intensive care units of K, S and Y hospitals in Seoul. Data were collected from March to October 2007. Subjects were 108 persons over age 65. Data were analyzed by SAS statistics. Results: First, groups 5 and 3 showed higher burden than that of group 4. Second, high correlation was found between stress and burden, stress and anxiety, and burden and anxiety. Third, factors influencing family burden were found to be stress for group 5, stress, anxiety, and monthly income for group 4, and stress and patient age for group 3. Conclusion: Specific nursing interventions to decrease the stress of primary family caregivers of serious ill elderly patients in an intensive care unit are needed. Additionally, more effective and systematic activation of a long-term medical insurance system for seriously ill seniors is considered necessary to mediate the burden of primary family caregivers.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.342-356
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• 2019

Background: The objectives of the study are to find out the effect of the implementing reform in three Central Asian countries, identify its impact on health status and health care delivery systems. This study address to identify strong and weak points of the health systems and provide a recommendation for further health care organization. Methods: A comparative analysis was conducted to evaluate the effects of implemented policy on health care system efficiency and equity. Secondary data were collected on selected health indicators using information from the World Health Organization Global Health Expenditure Database, European Health Information Platform, and World Bank Open Data. Results: In terms of population status, countries achieved relatively good results. Infant mortality and under-5 mortality rate decreased in all countries; also, life expectancy increased, and it was more than 70 years. Regulations of the health systems are still highly centralized, and the Ministry of Health is the main organ responsible for national health policy developing and implementation. Among the three countries, only Kyrgyzstan was successful in introducing a national health system. Distribution of health expenditure between public expenditure and out-of-pocket payments was decreased, and out-of-pocket payments were less the 50% of total health expenditure in all countries, in 2014. Conclusion: After independent, all three countries implemented a certain number of the policy reform, mostly it was directed to move away from the old the Soviet system. Subsequent reform should be focused on evidence-based decision making and strengthening of primary health care in terms of new public health concepts.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.456-468
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• 2020

This exploratory study, related to the introduction of Western-style family doctors, was conducted based on a comparative survey of medical care satisfaction in foreign residents of the U.S. and Canada based on a consumer-centered perspective. As a result of statistical analysis based on 493 collections of empirical data from 2016 to 2018, the main conclusions of this study are as follows. First, there was no evidence that satisfaction with US and Canadian family doctors was higher than the satisfaction with Korean primary care physicians. Second, satisfaction with Korean primary care physicians was high with regard to treatment, promptness, etc., and there was no evidence that foreign family doctor systems were better in terms of sufficient counseling and explanation. Third, overseas Koreans in the United States showed less satisfaction with their family doctors than Koreans in Canada. Fourth, overseas Koreans preferred to visit a hospital directly, without a referral from the family doctor. In conclusion, there is insufficient evidence showing that satisfaction with family doctors in the U.S. and Canada is higher than satisfaction with primary care doctors in Korea. Therefore, a more in-depth, additional analysis on the Western-style family doctor is needed before introducing such a system in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.187-206
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• 2001

The study was carried out to estimate the prevalence and possible causes of refractive errors in primary school children. At one primary school in urban Daegu, one in the medium-sized city of Yongcheon and 2 in rural areas, children wearing glasses and children with visual acuity of less than 0.7 were given our questions. 354 out of 378 children responded to our questions. The research was done from March 2000 to February 2001. The data were analyzed by percentage, x2 test, t-test, ANOVA and Scheff method. Children with eyesight problems were more prevalent in urban areas than rural areas. The lack of luminosity during reading (p=0.015), length of reading time (p=0.08) and posture which watching TV (p=0.023) appeared leading causes of progressing myopias. The visual impairment caused by refractive errors may affect the mental and physical activity of primary school children and lead to social isolation, loneliness and depression. However, little attention may be paid by professionals engaged in providing health care to the children. Once we have recognized the impact of visual impairment, we may be in a better position to prevent progressing refractive errors.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Rural Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.57-65
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• 2020

Purpose: The study was done to compare the status of dispatch of public officials in charge of health care in response to COVID-19 according to location of primary health care posts and the practitioners' knowledge, attitude and support related to COVID-19. Methods: Among the 193 practitioners surveyed, 175 people in Chungcheong-do, Jeolla-do and Gyeongsang-do were selected for final analysis according to work status and differences in knowledge, attitude and support. Data were analyzed using χ2 and one-way ANOVA, followed by a Scheffé-test. Results: There was a statistically significant difference by region in the number of days and places for dispatch teams to respond to COVID-19. In particular, in the case of support, the overall score was low, but Gyeongsang-do, which had the longest number of dispatch days due the occurrence of a large-scale confirmation of patients, showed higher support compared to other regions. Knowledge of COVID-19 was high, but there were no regional differences. Conclusion: Regarding performance of COVID-19 response tasks, the support level was low, indicating that psychological support and appropriate compensation from the local government are required. In addition, it is necessary to prepare a system for the provision of alternative services to prevent a work gap in health clinics.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.3 s.75
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• pp.53-62
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• 2005

In this study, we challenge recent apocalyptic rhetoric about idle, burdensome, and dependent older people. Our primary objective is to examine and compare the productive activities of older adults in both Korea and Canada using a broader definition of productivity that included household work. Another objective is to identify and compare the factors related to the participation of household work of older adults in both countries. In order to conduct a comparative culture study two data sets were used; one was the 1999 Survey of Time Use collected by Korean Statistics Office and the other was 1998 Survey of Time Use collected by Canadian Statistics Office. Many countries have been collected a time use survey and used to study labor, welfare, and culture. Total number of 17,730 Korean and 2,729 Canadian between when and 84 were included to analyze the data. It is clear from the results that older people engage in productive behaviors, particularly when the definition of activities is broadened to include unpaid work. However, it is also clear the productive contributions in terms of household work ale lower among older Koreans than among older Canadians.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.39-52
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• 1993

The primary purpose of this study is to promote and establish the development of home health care in Korea. It focuses on identifying and classifying the nursing activities that were provided by health professionals for patients who were admitted to two hospitals with cerebral vascular disease. And also. the study was conducted for comparison of client selection criteria between health professionals, and identifying patients who needed home health care The subjects of this study were 38 patients with cerebral vascular disease who were admitted to neuro-surgery wards at 2 hospitals with more than 500 beds in Daegu from November 1. through 30. 1991. Survey instruments were questionnaires to identify nursing activities and classify patients who needed home health care. Data was collelected by 1 doctor and 2 nurses per patient independently. They checked the same patient with the questionnaire on the same day and never communicated their information about patients with each other. All the questionnaires checked by doctor and nurses completely were 90. Statistical methods for analyzing data were non-parametric tests (Kruskal Wallice test and sign test). Correlation and percentages were used for further analysis. From this study. the following summarized conclusions have been drawn. 1. 10. 2 kinds of treatment and nursing activities were provided by health professionals for patients with cerebral vascular disease in hospital. 2. The points of nursing needs were between 32-37 out of a total of 500 as a result of the assessment about the health status of patients who were admitted to neuro-surgery ward with cerebral vascular disease. The points of Barthel Index of Functional Status Assessing Devices were between 24-34. Client Selection Criteria for Home Health Care was congruent between the Health professionals because the difference were not found to be statistically significant. 3. Patients classfied as home health care clients were $70-80\%$ of all patients who were admitted in hospital. There was not significant difference in patient selection criteria for home health care between health professionals statistically. As a result. the validity of different tools used in classifying home health care client were found to be congruent. 4. $80-85\%$ patients who could be discharged and sent to their homes early were identified as home health care clients. This study using client selection criteria. for home health care contributed to tool development because the validity of tools was verified. And also, this research represented that there was congruency in patient selection criteria for home health care between different health professionals. As a result, this study represented that many patients who were admitted to hospitals could be classified as a home health care clients. On the basis of the findings. further studies are required to develop client selection criteria using universal tools for classifying home health care clients in other chronic diseases. It is also recommended that comparative studies for client selection criteria between health professionals treating in other chronic diseases are necessary.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 1977

Primary function of health record is that as tool of communication between the health processionals with the mutual goal, the promotion of health care standard. Studies have been carried out world over oil tile subject, among those, Weed's Problem-Oriented Health Record is considered a paramount achievement. This study was designed to assess tile possibility of implementing tile problem-oriented health record system through ail experiment in order to provide data for nurse administrators infiltrating reformation of recording system and format. Record of 29 patients admitted at Korea University Hospital, Seoul, from March through June, 1976 for 4 to 14 days were sampled. Nursing notes were recorded by research assistants; senior nursing student trailed extensively by the researcher oil Problem-Oriented Records, oil Problem Oriented Nursing Record format (experimental group) and analysis were carried out comparative, with that of traditional nursing records noted by other nursing personnel (control group) on the same patient. Attitude towards Problem Oriented Nursing Record system and format were attained through questionaries responded by the 51 research assistants. Results are as fellows: Comparative analysis revealed that: 1. Assessment of patients' health problems recorded significantly more in traditional records. 2. Focus of health Problem differed; traditional records slowed significantly higher frequency in medical and procedure as focus while problem oriented records on nursing focus problems. 3. Problem- Oriented records were better organized, Mean value scores of attitude towards Problem- Oriented Records revealed that: Positive value scores on all 4 categories: 1) Assessment of nursing needs, 2) Nursing care planning 3) Patient progress assessment and 4) Tool of teaching and learning revealed that the Problem-Oriented Nursing Record is positively accepted by tile respondents. Recommendation Further experiments on implementation of Problem- Oriented Health Record are recommended: experiment involving all health professionals, in larger scope and longitudinal.