• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.347-356
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• 2021

To address the limitation of the commonly used steam curing of reactive powder concrete (SC-RPC) in engineering, a preparation technology of normal curing reactive powder concrete (NC-RPC) is proposed. In this study, an experimental comparative research on the mechanical properties of NC-RPC and SC-RPC under uniaxial tension is conducted. Under the premise of giving full play to the ultra-high performance of RPC, the paper tries to explore whether normal curing can replace steam curing. The results show that various mechanical indexes of NC-RPC (e.g., tensile strength, ultimate tensile strain, elastic modulus and deformation performance) could basically reach the mechanical index values in steam curing at 28d age, some performance is even better at a longer age. So it affirms the feasibility of normal curing. In this paper, the influence of normal curing age on the tensile properties of RPC is discussed, and the relationship between each index and age is introduced in detail. Based on the experimental data, the tensile mechanism of RPC is analyzed theoretically, and two kinds of tensile constitutive models for RPC are proposed, one is curvilinear model, and another one is polygonal line model. The validity of the two models is further verified by the test results of others.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2018

A certified reference material (CRM) for the analysis of inorganic nutrients in nutritional supplements has been developed. Accurate mass fractions of chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) were determined by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID ICP/MS). The measurement results were used to assign certified values for the CRM, which were metrologically traceable to the definitions of the measurement units in the International System of Units (SI). Production of a candidate reference material (RM) and the certification processes are summarized. Each nutrient in the CRM showed good homogeneity, which was estimated using relative standard deviations of the measurement results of twelve bottles in a batch. This CRM is expected to be an important reference to improve reliability and comparability of nutrient analyses in nutritional supplements and related samples in analytical laboratories.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.277-287
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• 2023

Since the first discovery of antibiotics, introduction of new antibiotics has been coupled with the occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Rapid dissemination of ARB and ARGs in the aquatic environments has become a global concern. ARB and ARGs have been already disseminated in the aquatic environments via various routes. Main hosts of most of ARGs were found to belong to Gammaproteobacteria class, including clinically important potential pathogens. Transmission of ARGs also occurs by horizontal gene transfer (HGT) mechanisms between bacterial strains in the aquatic environments, resulting in ubiquity of ARGs. Thus, a few of ARGs and MGEs (e.g., strA, sul1, int1) have been suggested as indicators for global comparability of contamination level in the aquatic environments. With ARB and ARGs contamination, the occurrence of critical pathogens has been globally issued due to their widespread in the aquatic environments. Thus, active surveillance systems have been launched worldwide. In this review, we described advancement of methodologies for ARGs detection, and occurrence of ARB and ARGs and their dissemination in the aquatic environments. Even though numerous studies have been conducted for ARB and ARGs, there is still no clear strategy to tackle antibiotic resistance (AR) in the aquatic environments. At least, for consistent surveillance, a strict framework should be established for further research in the aquatic environments.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2022년도 가을 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.219-220
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• 2022

In order to meet the trend, construction public data are already disclosing not only data generated at the construction site but also various data ranging from inspection reports and public construction contracts through multiple portals. However, unlike the excellence of the open performance evaluated by the number of data, it is difficult to evaluate the specific level of disclosure because there is no case of analyzing the quality, ease of use, and possibility of further opening of the public construction data set. On the other hand, performance measurement is already performed using an internationally agreed evaluation method in different fields such as real estate, population, and environment. So it is essential to analyze the current status of public data openings in the construction field and to derive improvement tasks. Therefore, this study conducted a survey of researchers with the highest system utilization targeting representative public data open systems in the construction field, such as E-AIS(세움터) and KISCON. To ensure fairness and increase comparability, the questionnaire was composed using evaluation items on implementing public data conducted annually by the World Wide Web Foundation, an international non-profit organization. With these responses, we investigated the status of public data disclosure and opinions on data quality and derived tasks to improve public data disclosure in construction through the analysis of the results.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.279-289
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• 2023

The United States enforces the seafood import regulations so-called the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA), and by 2023, all exports of aquatic products and processed fish products by fisheries which have not obtained an "Comparability Finding" from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration will be completely banned. Therefore, to respond to the US MMPA, it is critical to identify technologies and methods used in worldwide for reducing bycatch of marine mammals. In particular, marine mammals are frequently caught in five fisheries (trawl, gill net, trap, stow net and set net) in Korea, which is facing a great challenge. This study presented bycatch reduction methods by five fisheries, classified the methods by country, and suggested appropriate reduction methods which can be applied in Korea.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to establish food ingestion factors needed to assess exposure to contaminants through food ingestion. The study reclassified the raw data of the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2001 into 12 subcategories including grain products, meat products, fish and shellfish, and vegetables for international comparability of exposure evaluation. The criteria for food intake calculation were unified according to the characteristics of food groups, and recommended values for food ingestion factors were calculated through moisture correction and recategorization of cooked, processed, and mixed foods for each group. The average intake rate for grain and grain products was 6.25 g/kg-d per capita and the men's intake rate was approximately 8% higher than that of the women. The average intake rate of meat and meat products was 1.62 g/kg-d per capita and the men's intake rate was 30% higher than that of the women, on average. The average intake rate of fish and shellfish was 1.53 g/kg-d per capita, and the age groups of 1 to 2 and 3 to 6 recorded higher capita intake rates than other age groups, 2.62 g/kg-d and 2.25 g/kg-d, respectively. The average intake rate of vegetables was 6.47 g/kg-d per capita, with the age group of 1 to 2 recording the highest per capita intake rate of 9.79 g/kg-d and that of 13 to 19 recording the lowest mean. The study also offers recommended values for food ingestion factors of other food groups by gender, age, and region. The food ingestion exposure factors will need future updates in consideration of ongoing changes in food consumption behavior.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.729-733
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• 2001

Objective : Antifibrinolytic treatment after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage has been shown to have no significant effect on outcome since a reduction in the rate of rebleeding was offset by an increase in the incidence of hydrocephalus and ischemic events. As the results of early aneurysm surgery and a change of strategy in the intensive medical treatment, outcome in patients with cerebral ischemia has been improved. On the other hand, rebleeding still remains as a major cause of death. A short course of tranexamic acid(TA) was tried to study its efficacy and safety in reducing the incidence of rebleeding before aneurysm surgery. Methods : A total of 507 patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysm operated within 3 days after the attack from 1990 to 1999 were included in this study. Group A consisted of 302 consecutive patients treated from 1990 through 1995 served as control. Two hundred-five patients in group B were treated with TA from 1996 through 1999. Both groups were evaluated for comparability of demographic and clinical variables including age, Hunt-Hess grade, Fisher grade, aneurysm location, hypertension, day of surgery, and initial hydrocephalus. The relationships of TA with rebleeding, ischemia, and chronic hydrocephalus were also studied. Results : There was no significant difference in patient demographics and clinical characteristics between group A and group B. Sixteen patients(5.3%) suffered a recurrent hemorrhage in group A and three(1.5%) in group B(p<0.05). Chronic hydrocephalus requiring a shunt was found in a significantly greater proportion in group B than in group A(p<0.05). The incidence of cerebral ischemia was not elevated in group B compared with group A. Conclusion : Considering the fact that the reduction of fatal rebleeding outweighed the increased incidence of hydrocephalus, the authors believe that a short course of TA is beneficial in diminishing the risk of rebleeding prior to early surgical intervention.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.195-207
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to confirm the change of nursing organizational characteristics and to define the difference of organizational outcome by measuring the organizational commitment and job satisfaction perceived by nursing staffs and patient satisfaction before and after organizational redesign. Method: The structured questionnaires of which contained organizational characteristics, organizational commitment and job satisfaction were developed from previous published studies after modification by researcher. The questionnaires were distributed to 1,200 and 679 nurses before and after nursing organizational change. patient satisfaction were measured before and after organizational change by direct interview with structured questionnaire from 1,566 and 1,291 patients. Results: 1. The organizational characteristics were significantly increased and the leadership of team leader and head nurse was significantly increased among the factors of organizational characteristics. 2. Organizational commitment was showed decreased tendency, but the difference was not significant. Job satisfaction was increased significantly and administration, autonomy, and job tasks were increased significantly in the factors of job satisfaction. Patient satisfaction was also increased significantly. 3. There was significant positive correlation between organizational commitment and job satisfaction and also job satisfaction and nursing organizational characteristics. All factors of organizational characteristics and satisfaction in present working unit were major factors to influence organizational commitment and explained 43.8% in a significant level by multiple regression analysis. The major factor which affect job satisfaction were the factors of nursing organizational characteristic except 'interaction with team leader' and satisfaction in present working unit among general characteristics and these factors explained 58.8% of job satisfaction. Conclusion: In conclusion, the nursing organizational change was very effective to bring about desirable change in nursing organizational characteristics and also to improve job satisfaction and patient satisfaction. Therefore the nursing productivity and comparability would be increased when the nursing organizational change is accomplished by the way of improving the factors of organizational characteristics and it would be followed by the promotion of job satisfaction and organizational commitment.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2002

With the dynamically changing environment of society, managing change is the vital element of organizations's survival and growth. Health care organizations have expended enormous resources to restructure patient care delivery. Despite the growing literature describing these organizational innovations, there is a paucity of credible data that reflects systematic measurement and evaluation of such changes. This study examined the nurses' psychological response toward the work process redesign, newly introduced by the nursing department in a acute care hospital. The aim of the study was to figure out how nurses's general perception of change and perceived attributes of change affected their acceptance of change during the organizational transition. This was descriptive- correlational. The sample for the study included 50 head nurses and 135 staff nurses. Data was analyzed using SPSS PC+, version 10.0. The major findings of the study were as follows: First, the mean score of the perception of change was 71.2(SD=13.8) with the range of 0-100, which means nurses generally perceived change positively. There were significant differences in perception of change by gender and education level. Head nurses perceived change more positively than staff nurses. The higher education level showed the more positive view of change. Second, among the perceived attributes of change, trialability had the highest mean score, which means nurses perceived the change more positively if it is testable on a limited basis. Relative advantage was perceived the most negatively. Finally, factors influencing the acceptability of the work-process redesign were perceived comparability, complexity, relative advantage, and observability, which accounted for 43.7% of the variance in the acceptability of change. This study evaluated the preliminary effects of the nursing process for reengineering, focusing on nurses' acceptability towards change. The usefulness of this research study was to determine the factors influencing acceptance of organizational members during transitional periods of change and to suggest effective strategies for increasing adoption as well as for decreasing resistance to change.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 경로수 ${\zeta}$로 주어진 DCG(Directed Cyclic Graph)의 입출력간의 연관관계를 고효율디지털논리회로로 설계하는 알로리즘과 DCG의 각 노드들에 코드를 할당하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 기존 알고리즘의 문제점을 도출한 후, 다른 접근방법으로써 DCG의 경로수로 부터 행렬방정식을 유도한 후 이를 통해 DCG의 경로수에 따른 회로설계 알리즘을 제안하였으며, 설계된 회로와 함께 DCG의 특성을 만족하도록 노드들에 대한 코드를 할당하는 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 고효율디지털논리회로설계 알고리즘은 기존의 알고리즘으로는 가능하지 않았던 경로수의 DCG에 대하여 회로설계가 가능하게 되었고, 보다 최적화된 디지털논리회로를 구현할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 회로설계 알고리즘을 통해 임의의 자연수를 경로수로 갖는 DCG에 대한 설계가 가능하며, 입출력단자 수의 감소. 회로구성의 간략화, 연산속도의 향상과 비용감소 등의 잇점이 있고, 예제를 통해 본 논문에서 제안한 알고리즘의 적합성과 타당성을 검증하였다.