• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.760-770
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• 2023

Continuous cropping obstacles have become a serious factor restricting sustainable development in modern agriculture, while companion planting is one of the most common and effective methods for solving this problem. Here, we monitored the effects of companion planting on soil fertility and the microbial community distribution pattern in pepper monoculture and companion plantings. Soil microbial communities were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology. Companion plants included garlic (T1), oat (T2), cabbage (T3), celery (T4), and white clover (T5). The results showed that compared with the monoculture system, companion planting significantly increased the activities of soil urease (except for T5) and sucrase, but decreased catalase activity. In addition, T2 significantly improved microbial diversity (Shannon index) while T1 resulted in a decrease of bacterial OTUs and an increase of fungal OTUs. Companion planting also significantly changed soil microbial community structures and compositions. Correlation analysis showed that soil enzyme activities were closely correlated with bacterial and fungal community structures. Moreover, the companion system weakened the complexity of microbial networks. These findings indicated that companion plants can provide nutrition to microbes and weaken the competition among them, which offers a theoretical basis and data for further research into methods for reducing continuous cropping obstacles in agriculture.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.59-65
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• 2024

The objective of this study were to assess rooftop urban agriculture and analyze the differences in soil, growth, physiology, and productivity to elucidate the effect of companion planting with various plants, including lettuce (Lactuca sativa), rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus), marigold (Tagetes patula), Korean perilla (Perilla frutescens), and garlic chives (Allium senescens). Measurements were taken every other week from May to August 2023, totaling eight measurement. Regarding the characteristics of the soil planted with lettuce and aromatic plants, the combined planting of lettuce and garlic chives created a favorable soil environment for plant growth. Consequently, the best growth was observed when lettuce and garlic chives were companion planted. Companion planting of lettuce and garlic chives appears to be the most efficient concerning growth and physiology. The productivity of companion planting lettuce and aromatic plants also showed high-quality lettuce when lettuces and garlic chives were companion planted. Therefore, companion planting of lettuces and garlic chives in rooftop urban agriculture is suitable for growth, physiology, and productivity.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.825-832
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• 2022

This study aimed to explore companion planting to improve vegetable productivity on extensive green roofs through urban agriculture with limited substrate depth. From May to July 2021, the study conducted on the rooftop to evaluate the effects of marigold (Tagetes patula) planting ratio on the growth and pest control of cabbage (Brassica campestris). The experiment plot measured 1 m in width × 1 m in length × 0.25 m in height and 0.2 m in substrate depth. Fifteen plots were planted in varying proportions of cabbage and marigold for three repetitions per treatment: cabbage control (CC), 2:1(C₂M₁), 1:1(C₁M₁), 1:2(C₁M₂), and marigold control (MC). We found that companion planting marigolds with cabbage significantly increased cabbage growth and reduced pest infestation. The study revealed that C₁M₁, when cabbage and marigold have the same proportion, is an efficient companion planting ratio. Companion planting, in which non-crop vegetation manages pests and increases crop productivity, improves natural pest control and preserves biodiversity on rooftop urban agriculture.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.311-327
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• 2021

Background and objective: Recent urban agriculture meets the needs of urban residents that safety and avoids using chemical pesticides. This study was conducted to identify various factors of companion planting affecting the growth of cherry tomatoes, which will promoting urban agriculture by improving socioeconomic satisfaction with gardening activities through quality. Methods: Four types of companion plants such as marigold, zinnia, spearmint and basil, that have a companion effect with growth, sugar content, and vitamin C content. We obtained the mean and standard deviation and tested the significance at a 95% confidence level (p < .05) with Duncan's multiple range test after one way ANOVA and MANOVA. Results: Compared to monoculture of cherry tomatoes, the plant growth in the treatment plots with companion planting showed a significant increase overall(p < .05), but there wasn't interaction effect among companion plants, planting ratio and type. As for the absorption of inorganic components, the companion planting showed better absorption than monoculture of cherry tomatoes, as favorable growth, and there was an interaction effect among the individual factors. The sugar content was higher than the standard sugar content of 5.8 brix in both the treatment plots at the control, and vitamin C content was higher than the control at 26.27mg/100g in all treatment plots, but there wasn't statistically significant difference. The soil pH in the cultivation plot ranges from 5.5 to 9.0 and was weakly alkaline in all treatment plots except zinnia, showing low contents of phosphoric acid, exchageable potassium, calcium and magnesium. Conclusion: This study was conducted to analyze various factors such as the growth of cherry tomatoes, contents of inorganic components, sugar content and vitamin C content of fruits, and soil analysis according to companion plants, planting type, and planting ratio. We will study sugar content by measuring the change in growth every phase of fruits.

• 환경생물
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2020

본 연구는 경관식재용 지피식물의 혼식 설계를 위하여 생활형이 다른 9종의 식물의 연중 생장 특성을 파악하고 식물들 간의 피복 특성을 분석하여 생활형에 따른 적정 식재조합을 도출하고자 본 연구를 실시하였다. 단립형으로 초장 20 cm 이상 생장하는 둥굴레, 맥문동, 일월비비추는 4월 식재 후 60일 이내 생육이 증가한 후 형태를 유지하였다가 9월 이후 지상부가 퇴화하며 휴면기에 들어가는 경향을 보였고, 분지형으로 20 cm 이하로 생장하는 바위취, 패랭이꽃, 애기기린초는 4월 식재 후 9월까지 지속적으로 생장하다가 9월 이후 생장이 감소하는 특성을 나타냈다. 포복형으로 지면에 붙어서 생장하는 리시마키아는 식재 후 3개월 경과부터 급속한 생장을 보였으며 돌나물은 8월까지 서서히 생장하다가 온도가 하강하는 9월부터 지상부가 퇴화하는 특성을 보였다. 꽃잔디는 초반 생장은 좋았으나 개화기가 지나고 난 후에는 전반적인 생육발달이 더뎌져 식재 후 7개월 동안 11.0%의 낮은 생장 특성을 보였다. 이와 같이 각기 다르게 생장하는 9종의 식물들을 혼식하였을 때 피복하는 특성을 조사한 결과 각 식물의 생장 특성이 피복에 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었는데, 초장이 10~20 cm 자라며 로제트형으로 자라는 형태와 포복형 식물들의 조합이 높은 피복률을 나타냈다. 식물별로는 포복형인 돌나물이 맥문동, 일월비비추, 패랭이꽃, 애기기린초, 꽃잔디 등이 가장 많은 식물들과 혼식하였을 때 생장이 증가하는 종이었다. 로제트형 중에서는 일월비비추가 애기기린초, 바위취, 리시마키아, 돌나물과 동반생장이 가능한 종이었고, 지표면에서 분지가 밀생하여 자라는 패랭이꽃은 잎이 밀생하지 않는 맥문동, 바위취, 리시마키아, 돌나물과 혼식이 유리한 경향을 나타났다. 이 결과는 식물의 생장형 분류 중 근경이 분지하는 종보다 땅위로 뻗는 줄기로 번식하거나 무근경으로 영양 생장하는 종이 다른 종들과 혼식하기에 좋은 유형이라고 사료되었다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.106-127
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• 2010

최근 생태환경 조성을 위한 다층구조 식재는 식생복원 등 환경사업뿐만 아니라 군락식재의 방법으로서 활용이 확산되고 있으나, 실제 조경 식재 설계에 있어 다층식재 기법을 활용하는 데에는 어려움이 있었다. 본 연구는 서울지역의 숲 구조를 분석하여 다층식재 시 활용 가능한 기초적 다층 식재모델 개발을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 생태분석프로그램인 PC ORD 4.0(MjM Soft, 2002) 프로그램을 활용, ISA(Indicator Species Analysis) 분석을 통한 적정 군집수를 설정하여 군집분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 상수리나무군락, 신갈나무-팔배나무군락, 소나무-리기다소나무군락, 신갈나무-진달래군락, 선갈나무-노간주나무군락, 소나무-진달래군락, 선갈나무-철쭉나무군락 등의 7개의 자연 식생군락으로 분석되었다. 그리고 대상지에 출현한 빈도 10% 이상의 식물종간의 종간친화력 검정을 통하여, 자연식생에서의 수반종과 함께 수급 및 유통이 가능한 대체 유사종을 제시함으로써 활용도를 높였다. 위의 결과를 종합한 7개 자연식생군락을 기초로 하여, 군락 내 종간 친화력이 있는 식물종을 재선정하여 조경 식재 설계 시 활용할 수 있는 다층식재 모델을 제안하였다. 개발된 다층식재 모델은 변환우점도 값의 평균값을 기준으로 하여 평균 목표피도를 제시함으로써 식재설계 시 폭넓게 응용할 수 있도록 하였다.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.105-109
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• 2014

The soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], an edible legume, has a high protein content in both its hay and grain, so it is often used as a supplement for other forages that have a deficient protein concentration. Therefore, this study investigated the forage quality and yield in the case of mixed planting of soybean and corn. The forage yield and quality were assessed for three cropping patterns: soybean mono planting, corn mono planting, and mixed planting of soybean and corn. For planting, this study used a forage corn cultivar, Kwangpyeongok, and three recombinant inbreed lines, W2, W4, and W11, selected from Glycine soja (PI483463)${\times}$G. max (Hutcheson). The mixed planting of soybean and corn produced a higher forage yield than the corn mono cropping. The crude protein and crude fat content were also increased with the mixed planting of soybean and corn when compared with the corn mono cropping. Some decrease of ADF and NDF, and increase for RFV in mixed planting of soybean and corn than corn mono cropping. Therefore, the results show that mixed planting of soybean and corn is an effective cropping system to improve the forage quality.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.140-151
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• 2001

This study based on the theoretical understanding of multi-layer planting which have engineering, ecological and landscape benefits, was conducted to find out the status of multi-layer planting in the apartment and neighborhood park in Seoul. This study was also aimed to seek for the problematic matters, and suggest a solution on the current multi-layer planting. The results of this study were as follows; 1) Since landscape woody plants have been classified just as tree and shrub in Korea, the classification for the multi-layer planting has been unreasonable, and landscape woody plants might have been classified as tree, sub-tree and shrub, or upper, middle, and lower-layer, It could be defined that upper layer is over eight meters in full growth, middle over 3-8 meters and lower under 3 meters. 2) In apartments, the upper layer consisted of eighteen species, the middle and lower layer seven species each. In neighborhood parks, the upper layer consisted of fifteen species, and the middle and lower layer five species each. 3) In terms of planting year of the surveyed areas, there were no differences in the number of species when planting year of the apartment was divided into two groups, the first half(1900-1995) and the second(1996-2000). But, in terms of individual occupation, the percentage was decreased in upper layer, while there was increasing in middle and lower layer. 4) As the result of survey of multi-layered area, it appeared that apartment was shown 0.65 percent and neighborhood park 0.61 percent of the planted area, which was less than 1 percentage of landscape architecturally planted area. 5) In apartment, the number of individual in middle layers has been increased in the first half and the second, but with respect to the correlation with multi-layered area, the apartments had the "$\rho$=0.208", saying that increasing middle layer was scattered planting instead of multi-layered planting. 6) In planting at the apartments in Korea, the planting density was limited, because the layer division was restricted to only tree and shrub. On the contrary, it was divided into upper, middle and lower tree in Japan. Therefore, in Korea, it should be classified as the planting density by dividing into tree, sub-tree, and shrubs, or upper, middle and lower tree by the law. And, it should be considered that the multi-layered planting has a proper organic relation as well as the planting density.g density.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

고랭지 경사밭의 토양보전을 위해서 고랭지 배추재배지에 애기기린초, 범의귀, 지면패랭이, 긴병꽃풀 등 4종의 지피성 동반작물의 도입가능성을 경사도 5, 15 및 30%의 라이시미터에서 평가하였다. 애기기린초를 제외한 지피성 동반작물은 배추의 생육에 영향을 미치지 않았다. 배추와 동반작물에 의한 정식 이후의 피복률 변화는 동반작물보다는 배추생장에 의해 주도되었으며, 초기의 생장속도가 빨랐던 긴병꽃풀과 애기기린초 동반작물 재배구에서 초기 피복률 상승이 빠른 반면, 고온기 생장속도가 느린 범의귀와 지면패랭이는 급속한 피복도 증가를 보이지 않았다. 각각의 동반작물의 줄기와 잎의 절단 경도는 범의귀와 애기기린초가 낮은 반면, 긴병꽃풀과 지면패랭이는 매우 높아 내답압성이 우수하였다. 지피성 동반작물과 배추는 광 및 양분 경합성은 거의 없었다. 지피성 동반작물 재배구에서 배추 수관 아래 기온 및 지온은 배추 단독구보다 각각 $1^{\circ}C$내외, $0.5{\sim}1^{\circ}C$ 낮았으며, 습도는 8% 정도 높았다. 4종 지피성 동반작물을 토양보전성, 경관성, 내성, 생육 등을 고려하여 각 평가요소별 가중치를 두어 평가한 결과, 지면패랭이>긴병꽃풀>>범의귀>애기기린초의 순으로 높았고, 이중 지면패랭이가 가장 우수하였다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제32권12호
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• pp.955-964
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• 2023

This study was conducted to obtain basic data on efficient and eco-friendly crop cultivation for urban residents who enjoy urban agriculture as a hobby or leisure activity. We planted strawberry(Fragaria x ananassa)(S) and kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris var. humilis)(K) in different ratios to analyze the differences in soil environment, growth, physiology, and productivity, and to investigate the effects. Strawberry growth was optimal with S1K2 ratio, whereas the S1K1 ratio treatment showed the highest levels of physiology and productivity. In terms of growth and physiology, kidney beans tended to perform best in S1K2 treatment. The average number of productive pods was two, with a highest average value of 2.3 being recorded in S2K1 treatment planted with a high percentage of strawberries. In terms of growth, physiology, and prodctivity our findings indicate that it would be desirable to plant starwberries and kidney bean in a 1:1 ratio. However, considering the environmental characteristics of walls and rooftops, it is necessary to effectively manage crops suitable for these conditions. Furthermore, additional studies should be conducted to analyze the quality of fruits and seeds producted, both qualitatively and quantitatively in the future.