• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.87-102
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• 2023

Globally, acute gastroenteritis is responsible for two million pediatric deaths. In particular, viral gastroenteritis is the most common cause of acute diarrhea, and most children aged <5 years are infected at least once. The common symptoms include profuse watery diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and fever. Viral gastroenteritis is generally caused by rotavirus, norovirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus. Recently, probiotics use has increased rapidly worldwide due to its inhibitory effect against viral gastroenteritis. In addition, probiotics are known to have anti-inflammatory and anti-allergic effects and enhance immunity without any side effects. Therefore, this review focuses on the anti-viral effects of probiotics on viral gastroenteritis. Furthermore, this review would provide basic data that could be used for developing new products that have improved functionality by addition of probiotics to milk and dairy food.

• Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 2024

Background: As the number of households raising companion dogs increases, the pet genetic analysis market also continues to grow. However, most studies have focused on specific purposes or native breeds. This study aimed to collect genomic data through single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chip analysis of companion dogs in South Korea and perform genetic diversity analysis and SNP annotation. Methods: We collected samples from 95 dogs belonging to 26 breeds, including mixed breeds, in South Korea. The SNP genotypes were obtained for each sample using an Axiom^TM Canine HD Array. Quality control (QC) was performed to enhance the accuracy of the analysis. A genetic diversity analysis was performed for each SNP. Results: QC initially selected SNPs, and after excluding non-diverse ones, 621,672 SNPs were identified. Genetic diversity analysis revealed minor allele frequencies, polymorphism information content, expected heterozygosity, and observed heterozygosity values of 0.220, 0.244, 0.301, and 0.261, respectively. The SNP annotation indicated that most variations had an uncertain or minimal impact on gene function. However, approximately 16,000 non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) have been found to significantly alter gene function or affect exons by changing translated amino acids. Conclusions: This study obtained data on SNP genetic diversity and functional SNPs in companion dogs raised in South Korea. The results suggest that establishing an SNP set for individual identification could enable a gene-based registration system. Furthermore, identifying and researching nsSNPs related to behavior and diseases could improve dog care and prevent abandonment.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.297-303
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• 2008

Naringin, major citrus flavonoids, has been identified to exert antioxidative, antidiabetic, and lipid lowering effects. In this study, we examined the effect of 0.2 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg naringin supplementation for 3 times/week for 5 weeks on lipid metabolism and antithrombotic capacity in rat. Eighteen five week-old Sprague Dawley(SD) female rats, which had initial body weights of $246{\pm}9g$, were randomly divided into three groups: Control (non naringin group); Low (0.2 g/kg naringin-supplemented group); High (0.5 g/kg naringin-supplemented group). Three groups of rats were supplemented with three experimental diets for 5 weeks and we investigated antithrombotic capacity before sacrifice. Naringin did not significantly alter the body weight gain, relative organ weight. However, the level of serum triglyceride, serum free fatty acid, serum total lipid and serum glucose levels were significantly lowered compared to those of control. The high group (0.5 g/kg naringin-supplemented group) was showed significantly increased bleeding time compared to control group. These results suggest that naringin supplemental diets reduces the level of hypertension, glycosuria and fatness on the female SD rats, when orally administered below the dosage 0.5 g/kg for 5 weeks.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2009

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dried powder of chestnut on lipid metabolism, anti-thrombotic effect in rats. Thirty 5-week-old male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly allocated into five groups and used for experiment. We examined the lipid metabolism and antithrombotic capacity of SD rats administered for 5 weeks with 0.16 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg chestnut flesh powder and 0.16 g/kg, 0.5 g/kg chestnut inner shell and flesh powder mixture, respectively. Food intake, body weight gain and food efficiency ratio were also checked. The levels of serum triglyceride and tree fatty acid were not statistically significant between the all experimental groups. However, the antithrombotic capacity and total lipid levels of the treatment groups were significantly lower than those of the negative control group. These results suggest that the supplementation of chestnut on diet lower the total lipid level in SD rats.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.181-188
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• 1997

This work proposes possible use of the hyperdocument as a companion for structural steel designers and also as a part of any expert system to be used for the design of steel structures. AISC Specification for Structural Steel Buildings - Allowable Stress Design and Plastic Design, June 1, 1989-has been thoroughly hyperdocumented. Database for the most of AISC standard sections has been built for easier reference to sectional properties and even for search for the relevant sections. Hardy and wxCLIPS from AIAI, The University of Edinburgh were used as development tools. Hardy is integrated with NASA's rule-based and object-oriented language CLIPS 6.0 to enable users to rapidly develop diagram-related applications. Currently this work does not include any sophisticated rule-bases. Rather, this work will form a part of the expert systems for the steel structural design to be developed later. Nevertheless, the hyperdocument of this work will make a good companion for structural steel designers in its own right.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.542-544
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• 2023

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Z0118SP0130 was isolated from eye specimen of a companion dog in South Korea. The complete genome of Z0118SP0130 consisted of a 2,663,277 bp chromosome and there was no plasmid. The strain was identified as the sequence type 45 and contained a mecA gene which comprised of staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec type Vb (5C2&5). Antimicrobial resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, mupirocin, oxacillin, streptomycin, and gentamicin was observed in the strain.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.49-56
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• 2011

To investigate the toxicological effects of ${\beta}$-glucan, we performed basic studying on ${\beta}$-glucan in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Standard endpoints in this study included mortality, clinical observations, changes of body weights, analysis on food consumption, ophthalmoscopic examination, hematologic examination, serum biochemistry, analysis of organ weights, gross anatomic pathology and histopathology. No clinical signs and mortality were observed in animals treated with beta-glucan throughout the experimental period. The average body weight of each treatment groups showed similar levels at end of experiment. There were no treatment-related changes in mortality, body weights changes, food consumption, ophthalmoscopic examination. Although there were statistically significant differences between the control and treated groups in some relative and absolute organ weights, and hematological and biochemical analysis, the data were in biologically normal ranges and did not show a dose-dependent manner. In the morphological change, hepatic tissue were not showed ballooning degeneration and irregular arrangement of hepatic cell in ${\beta}$-glucan treatment groups with control group. Also, organs weights (liver, heart, kidney and stomach) and hematological indices (WBC, RBC, Hb, Hct and Platelet) did not show statistically significant differences among the experimental groups. In summary of these results, there were no changes in mortality, mean body weight, clinical signs, food consumption. There were no changes in ophthalmological examination, hematology, blood chemistry, necropsy and histopathology. In conclusion, although further investigation of glucan should be performed in the functions registered in many ancient literatures, ${\beta}$-glucan is physiologically safe and may have potential as candidate food for human health.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.1589-1594
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• 2016

Piperine [(E,E)-5-(3,4-methtylenedioxyphenyl)-2,4-pentadienolypiperidide] is a principal of Piperaceae, including Piper nigrum L. and Piper longum Linn., which has been used as a spice and traditional medicine. In this study, we investigated whether or not piperine has anti-cancer effects on AGS human gastric cancer cells. The results demonstrated that piperine not only inhibited proliferation using MTT assay but also induced apoptotic bodies using DAPI assay in a dose-dependent manner in response to piperine. Expression levels of p53, Bax (pro-apoptotic), cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved-PARP increased, whereas expression levels of Bcl-2, XIAP (anti-apoptotic), and Akt decreased in a dose-dependent manner compared with the control by western blotting analysis. To identify the connection between phospo-Akt and Bcl-2 family in response to piperine, LY249002 (Akt inhibitor) was treated with piperine ($150{\mu}M$). The results were shown that expression of phospo-Akt was reduced whereas expression of Bax and cleaved-PARP increased in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that piperine induced apoptosis in AGS cells and may serve as a chemopreventive or therapeutic agent for human gastric cancer.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.574-583
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• 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate the expenditure items and expenses for companion dogs and the appropriate considerations when choosing companion dog food for consumers who purchase dog food through the internet. The survey subjects consisted of 39 males (6.8%) and 532 females (93.2%), and it was found that most women purchase dog food through the internet. According to the age of dog owner, 184 (32.2%) were in their 20s and 241 (42.2%) in their 30s and 146 (25.6%) in their 40s or older. According to the age of the dogs, 200 (35%) were under 3 years old, 202 (35.4%) over 8 years old, and 169 (29.6%) were between 4 and 7 years old. The most preferred ingredient was chicken, regardless of dogs' owner or the dogs' age. Spending less than 100,000 won was most frequency reported, regardless of dog owner and the age of the dog, and major dog food was reported to be purchased in the order of online shopping malls and animal hospitals. In order to improve health function, it was determined that improvement of skin and hair is the most important, and next, was improvement of tooth bone formation and digestibility. When choosing food for companion dogs, nutritional composition of all the products was the most important consideration, followed by brand products with recognition, color, smell, shape, functional improvement products, and price of the products. Therefore, when developing a new product for companion dog food, consideration must be given not only to the nutritional components of all products, but also the brands, color, odor, shape, nutritional balance, functional improvement and price.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2008

We have studied effect of water treatment sludge (WTS) on trace metals of sorghum hybrid (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench). In the present report it was for cadmium (Cd) content on background correction (BGC) mode with an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The four treatments were Control, Compost, Alum + nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK), Compost + NPK. In the analysis, burner height of the atomic absorption spectrophotometer was adjusted to three levels; 3 mm, 6 mm, 9 mm. As a conclusion, 3 mm and 6 mm burner height conditions were better than 9 mm height for Cd analysis. And the conditions for widening the range, the mean, and the standard deviation (SD) values of observed absorbances as well as the condition for lessening the mean of observed background values are necessary for getting the better measuring of Cd. At the present experiment, 6 mm burner height condition is the best among the three burner heights.