• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.70-82
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to propose the community planting method through analyzing the plant community structure of three green space types and the relationship of vegetation and wild bird inhabitation of urban environmental forest in Seoul, Korea. The results from this study showed that the vegetation stratification, coverage, and species diversity were closely related to the wild bird inhabitation. In addition, the environmental forest in study site was analyzed as a negative factor that may decrease the biodiversity. Therefore the ecological structure and environmental condition must be considered in order to improve the quality of environmental forest. Based on results in three green space types, the planting species, density and species size for proper community planting were proposed in this study. The ecological niche relationships among sixteen selected species were also presented. The results will be provided as an valueable output for the completed community planting of urban green space in the central region, Korea.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.321-337
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• 2002

본 연구는 경기도 용인시 학고개지역에서 도로건설에 의하여 훼손된 산림지역의 브릿지형 생물이동통로 식재계획을 수립하고자 실시하였다. 연구내용은 대상지 및 주변지역 자연생태계 조사 분석단계와 식재계획단계로 구분하여 실시하였다. 자연생태계 조사분석은 지형구조, 식물군집구조, 동물서식구조를 분석하였으며, 식재계획은 이동종선정, 식재공간구분 및 개념, 식재종 및 식재밀도를 제시하였고, 식재기본계획도를 작성하였다. 대상지의 지형구조는 산림능선을 훼손한 급경사 지형에 브릿지형의 생물이동통로 유형 조성이 가능하였고 동물의 이동은 생물이동통로 양쪽 끝부분에만 가능한 것으로 판단되었다. 식물군집구조 분석은 도로를 기점으로 동서 지역으로 구분하여 실시하였다. 이들 두 지역 모두 산복과 산록부는 졸참나무와 굴참나무가 우점종인 군집이었으며, 능선부에는 소나무림이 토지극상으로 분포하였고 이들 두 지역간 유사성도 높은 상태이었다. 야생동물서식구조는 야생조류와 일부 포유류를 대상으로 하였으며, 야생조류는 총 7종 57개체, 설치류는 2종 2개체가 관찰되었다. 식재계획에서 이동목표종은 야생조류와 일부 포유류로 설정하였고, 이들 종의 이동을 위한 식재공간은 야생조류 이 동 및 서식 공간과 포유류 이동지 역 을 구분하였으며 , 세부적으로 완충지역으로 브릿지 입출구 사면지역의 관목식재지, 차폐식재지, 양쪽 산림지역과 연결된 급경사지역 초본식물 군락식재지, 야생동물 유도식재지 야생조류 이동을 위한 군락식재지, 포유동물 이동을 위한 군락식재지, 야생조류 서식처 조성을 위한 군락식재지로 구분하였다. 식재종은 주변산림지역에서 상재도가 높은 종을 중심으로 선정하였고 각 공간별 식재밀도를 고려하여 식재기본계획도를 작성하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is suggest to restoration model of Pinus thunbergii in Saha-gu, Busan Metropolitan City. The result of this study is summarized as follows; As the results of this study, vegetation restoration model is presented by separating community planting and edge planting. The community planting species of tree layer were Pinus thunbergii and Quercus acutissima and Quercus dentata and Quercus serrata and Quercus alienna and Quercus variabilis. The community planting species of subtree layer were Platycarya strobilacea and Prunus sargentii and Styrax japonica and Eurya japonica and Morus bombycis. The community planting species of shrub layer are Ulmus pavifolia and Ulmus davidiana and Lindera obtusiloba and Elaeagnus macrophylla and Mallotus japonicus and Ligustrum obtusifolium and Sorbus alnifolia and Rhus trichocarpa and Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Rosa wichuraiana and Rhus chinensis and Viburnum erosum and Rhododendron mucronulatum and Rhododendron yedoense and Indigofera pseudotinctoria. And the planting species of edge vegetation are Japanese Angelica and Symplocos chinensis and Pittosporum tobira and Lespedeza maximowiczii and Lespedeza bicolor and Rubus coreanus and Rubus idaeus and Vitis thunbergii and Ampelopsis brevipedunculata and Rosa multiflora. Considering the population of individuals up to layers in each $400m^2$ area, it was composed of 24 in tree layer, 35 in subtree layer, 410 in shrub layer and 34% herb layer in the Pinus thunbergii community. And the average of breast-high area and canopy area was $10,852cm^2$ in tree layer, in subtree layer $1,546cm^2$, in shrub layer $1,158,660cm^2$. The shortest distance between trees was calculated as 2.0m in tree layer, 1.9m in subtree layer.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.106-127
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• 2010

최근 생태환경 조성을 위한 다층구조 식재는 식생복원 등 환경사업뿐만 아니라 군락식재의 방법으로서 활용이 확산되고 있으나, 실제 조경 식재 설계에 있어 다층식재 기법을 활용하는 데에는 어려움이 있었다. 본 연구는 서울지역의 숲 구조를 분석하여 다층식재 시 활용 가능한 기초적 다층 식재모델 개발을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 생태분석프로그램인 PC ORD 4.0(MjM Soft, 2002) 프로그램을 활용, ISA(Indicator Species Analysis) 분석을 통한 적정 군집수를 설정하여 군집분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 상수리나무군락, 신갈나무-팔배나무군락, 소나무-리기다소나무군락, 신갈나무-진달래군락, 선갈나무-노간주나무군락, 소나무-진달래군락, 선갈나무-철쭉나무군락 등의 7개의 자연 식생군락으로 분석되었다. 그리고 대상지에 출현한 빈도 10% 이상의 식물종간의 종간친화력 검정을 통하여, 자연식생에서의 수반종과 함께 수급 및 유통이 가능한 대체 유사종을 제시함으로써 활용도를 높였다. 위의 결과를 종합한 7개 자연식생군락을 기초로 하여, 군락 내 종간 친화력이 있는 식물종을 재선정하여 조경 식재 설계 시 활용할 수 있는 다층식재 모델을 제안하였다. 개발된 다층식재 모델은 변환우점도 값의 평균값을 기준으로 하여 평균 목표피도를 제시함으로써 식재설계 시 폭넓게 응용할 수 있도록 하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.125-137
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• 1993

Ansan urban nature park is 197.8ha and located in Seodeamun-Gu of Seoul. Flora of Ansan consisted of 141 species, 76 genera, 40 families in woody plants. This study was conducted to analyze the natural environment and establish the park management plan with ecological approach. The result of this study is summarized as follows. 1. The short term plan shall be performed in six vegetation management zones; Robinia pseudoacacia community zone, Sorbus alnifolia community zone, Quercus acutissima community zone, Populus ${\times}$albagrandulosa community zone, Pinus densiflora community zone, and landscape planting zone. Pinus densiflora and landscape planting zones shall be managed artificially, the others managed with ecological approach. 2. The long term plan shall be performed in four vegetation management zones; Robinia pseudoacacia community zone, Quercus spp. community zone, Pinus densiflora community zone, and landscape planting zone. Pinus densiflora and landscape planting zones shall be managed artificially, the others managed with ecological approach. 3. Because soil of Ansan is acidified and the soil disturbed growth of plants, the improvement of soil is necessary. The fertilization shall be performed in three zones; evergreen confierous tree zone(ex. P. densiflora), Quercus spp. zone, and the other deciduous tree zone(ex. R. pseudoacacia).

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.31-45
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• 2020

This study suggested the planting models of Carpinus turczaninowii community to make in Badahyanggi Arboretum and was carried out to the structure of C. turczaninowii commnity in Daebu-Yeongheung Islands. In order to identify the current ecological environment, this study set to 13 plots(i.e. 100㎡) for analysing detailed structure of plant communities. The research methodology was qualitative analysis. It used TWINSPAN, PCA and Indicator Species Analysis tools which are performed well in several comparisons of classification techniques and one of the ordination techniques showed that the plant communities. The results were classified into 3 communities that C. turczaninowii-Pinus densiflora community(I), C. turczaninowii-Quercus serrata community(II) and C. turczaninowii-Platycarya strobilacea community(III). In all of communities, C. turczaninowii was dominant species in canopy layer and understory layer, the degree of closure was high. Proposed the planting models that are I~II communities based on planting status in Badahyanggi Arboretum(Island Plant Botanical Garden), the structure of plant communities, indicator species and individual distribution by DBH classes. Also, The multi-layer planting plans are necessary, such as P. strobilacea, Lindera erythrocarpa, Viburnum carlesii, V. dilatatum, Ligustrum obtusifolium, Zanthoxylum schinifolium and so on.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.53-63
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• 2004

Planting models for restoration forest on the seaside have been demanded because coastal reclaimed land has increased for habitation sites, industrial complexes and new towns on the west seaside of Korea. The planting models have to consider endurance for bad environmental conditions in order to make a role to protect the urban space against the extreme seaside environment. The dominant species, relative impotance value, individuals and species number were analysed in natural forests that were exposed to extreme seaside conditions in Deokjeok island and Younghung island, Incheon. The native species such as Pinus thunbergii and Pinus densiflora, which survive on the seaside, were mainly recommended because the coastal reclaimed land had extreme environmental conditions. Stable vegetation structures could be made by multi-layer planing by using these species. A diverse vegetation community could be made according to these planting models. The maritime forests made by these planting models might be more effective for environmental adaptation and a windbreak forest than alone tree, and the young trees below 3m height could easily adapt to these conditions.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.760-770
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• 2023

Continuous cropping obstacles have become a serious factor restricting sustainable development in modern agriculture, while companion planting is one of the most common and effective methods for solving this problem. Here, we monitored the effects of companion planting on soil fertility and the microbial community distribution pattern in pepper monoculture and companion plantings. Soil microbial communities were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology. Companion plants included garlic (T1), oat (T2), cabbage (T3), celery (T4), and white clover (T5). The results showed that compared with the monoculture system, companion planting significantly increased the activities of soil urease (except for T5) and sucrase, but decreased catalase activity. In addition, T2 significantly improved microbial diversity (Shannon index) while T1 resulted in a decrease of bacterial OTUs and an increase of fungal OTUs. Companion planting also significantly changed soil microbial community structures and compositions. Correlation analysis showed that soil enzyme activities were closely correlated with bacterial and fungal community structures. Moreover, the companion system weakened the complexity of microbial networks. These findings indicated that companion plants can provide nutrition to microbes and weaken the competition among them, which offers a theoretical basis and data for further research into methods for reducing continuous cropping obstacles in agriculture.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.15-27
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• 1998

The purposes of this study were to investigate vegetation structure and present management planning of mountain type green space using the green space changes during the 20 years, actual vegetation, and plant community structure in land area of Inchon, Korea. The actual vegetation area in survey sites was consisted of Quercus acutissima community, Robinia pseudoacacia forest, Pinus rigida forest, Q. mongolica-Pinus rigida community, P. rigida-Q. mongolica community, Q. monogolica community and so on. According to the classification by TWINSPAN, 61 survey plots were divided into 9 groups; Q. mongolica-Alnus japonica-R. pseudoacacia-P. densiflora, R. pseudoacacia-Styrax japonica, P. rigida-R. pseudoacacia-Q. mongolica, R. pseudoacacia-P. rigida-Q. mongolica-A. hirusta, Q. mongolica-P. thunbergii, and prunus sargentii-Zelkova serrata community. From this result, ecological succession trend of vegetation seems to be change from artificial result, ecological succession trend of vegetation seems to be change from artificial planting forest to native plant community which was dominated by Quercus spp.. This study area need to manage for the increase of biodiversity through the restoration of naturalness by ecological management of artificial planting forest and ecological planting of injured green space.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.338-349
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• 2022

다양한 수종의 묘목을 고밀도로 심는 모듈군락식재가 기존의 성목식재보다 자연림 복원 효과성이 뛰어난지 알고자 야외 실험을 했다. 또 모듈군락식재의 식재밀도 차이에 따라 생장이 촉진되는지, 또 식피율이 높아지는지를 알아보았다. 큰나무를 넓게 띄어 심는 성목식재구(대조구)와 다종의 묘목을 고밀도로 심는 모듈군락식재구(처리구)로 구분했고, 다시 식재밀도에 따른 3주/m²와 1주/m² 모듈군락식재구로 나눠 실험을 설계했다. 2019년 5월부터 26개월간 공시재료의 생존율, 생장량(수고, 수관폭, 근원직경), 식피율을 측정했고, 측정 수고값을 활용하여 장래 수고생장을 예측했다. 모듈군락식재구의 생존율과 상대생장량이 성목식재구보다 높았다. 모듈군락식재구의 식피율은 23개월 이전에 지표면을 완전히 덮었지만, 성목식재구는 이식스트레스로 인해 오히려 식피율이 낮아졌다. 고밀도로 심은 모듈군락식재구의 묘목이 자라서 식재 후 5~6.5년 만에 성목식재구보다 더 높이 자랄 것으로 예측됐다. 이런 결과를 이끈 원인은 다종(多種)·묘목·고밀도 식재와 토양개량·멀칭 등의 식재기반 개선 때문이라 본다. 즉, 모듈군락식재구에 심은 묘목은 큰나무를 심은 성목식재구보다 식재 후 환경 적응력이 뛰어나 생존율이 높고, 초기 생장량이 많았을 것이다. 다양한 자생수종의 고밀도 혼식은 상호보완적 환경압을 완화하는 동시에 개체간 경쟁을 유발해 생장 촉진을 이끌었다. 더불어, 식재기반 개선은 묘목의 활착율 상승과 생장량 증가에 유효했다고 본다. 식재밀도가 높을수록 식피율이 급격히 늘어나, 제초 등의 사후관리비 절감 효과가 있을 것이다. 모듈군락식재구(3주/m², 1주/m²)의 식재밀도가 높았을 때 수고생장이 촉진되었고, 수관폭·근원직경은 식재밀도가 낮았을 때 높아지는 경향을 보였지만, 통계적 차이가 없었다.