Representation of destitution may be considered as an expression of a social desire toward forging a bond or solidarity with the impoverished. However, political and ethical demands of the solidarity force the formulaic framework structuring the form of representation to its limits. The thesis aims to examine the responses to such demands within the tradition of modernist literature that can be traced from Charles Baudelaire, Knut Hamsun to Franz Kafka and that somehow culminates with Samuel Beckett, and to analyze how the issue of destitution that weaves through Beckett's works criticizes and inherits such a heritage. Whereas destitution in 19th century Realism is structurally fixed and its potential for change is inherently excluded, for these writers, destitution is no longer the state of rigid reality in which any possibility is limited. It is destitution as an imperative that calls for exploitation of possibilities that can be recuperated from the impoverished condition of destitution. What these writers consistently resist against is destitution that leads to compensation and reward. Since occupying a superior position toward the other as the subject of description or sympathy can be seen as one form of profit or reward, they have persistently pursued absolute solitariness and austere conditions rather than prematurely simulating a sense of solidarity and community. The ultimate goal of destitution as an imperative is to pursue destitution in order to worsen it by identifying and then excluding and expending possessions and assets to a state of penury. This is a paradoxical process that opens up the realm of possibilities of destitution and redefines it as abundance and wealth. Destitution for Beckett as seen in the writers above is the objective of literature. But, what he focuses on is to amplify the shreds of economic world that still remain in a state of poverty and to reveal extreme poverty as a state of odd affluence and to transform it into a pursuit of accumulation and profit. One of his famous axioms, "less is more", contains the essence of such a paradoxical strategy. In a sense, such approach is a twist on the strategy that identifies and uses any remaining potential hidden in destitution as was pursued by other writers. It also expands on the imagination of the destitute described by Hamsun. But Hamsun and Beckett are diametrical opposites. Unlike Hamsun, Beckett does not link imagination with a sense of guilt. Imagination is not intended to overcome the destitute reality nor to culminate in artistic martyrdom as in the case of Kafka's hunger artist. The imagination of the impoverished in Beckett is simply a hilarious game and not an escape that ends in a sense of guilt. This game formulates a "rhetorical question" or derision at the ironical situation where the pursuit of hunger and art as the disinterestedness has been turned into symbolic capital. It is inherently a fundamental critique at the aestheticization of destitution that has been pursued by Modernism. Beckett's efforts at divulging falsehood inherent in non-profit acts such as charity, donation and hospitality are dissections of social fictions in which aestheticization of destitution remains a part of the whole.
The popularity of melodrama indicates that melodrama is composed in a historical context. This is the reason why it is necessary to analyze the imagination of melodrama within a sociocultural context rather than asking the essentialistic question of "What is melodrama?". (2016) and (2018) caused sensations while holding unchallenged top positions in terms of viewing rate and popularity. These dramas indicate the popular imagination and desire of Korean society in the 2010s during a period of upheaval. This paper analyzed imagination in melodrama with a focus on nation and emotions of individuals in and . In preexisting dramas, conflicts are often limited to individuals and families; on the contrary, in and , a nation appears as a motif that forms conflicts between individuals. In these intense situations of conflict, people make rational judgments at first; however, they soon dispose of such judgments and reveal value-oriented attitudes through emotions, which drive actions. Both dramas form poésie mainly through poetic rhyming and the mise-en-scène of objects. The dramas also amplify emotions. The main emotions of these dramas are sympathy and sadness. Such emotions are not consumed in itself; instead, they show moral aims through performativity. Consequently, sympathy becomes solidarity, and sadness becomes mourning. Unlike preexisting melodramas whose endings were simply pursuits of love and happiness within the realm of individuals, and demonstrate a moral imagination that simultaneously reminds us of the individual and community through solidarity and mourning.
In the Western civilization, the concept of culture has traditionally the meaning of education or forming the moral humanity. However, this meaning of culture has recently changed since the advent of cultural relativism which lays stress on the cultural diversity. The current meaning of culture lies in the ways of life, whatever they are. It indicates that culture has nothing to do with universal human nature and morality, as the new concept of culture is only based on the historical and contingent life-situations of people in the each special area. Against this current view of culture, this paper contends that culture and humanity(human nature) are closely connected with each other and that every culture is rooted in the universal human nature. So culture could have a great influence on humanity and forming of moral community. This thesis might be justified by Husserl's view on the philosophical culture of the ancient Greece. According to Husserl, the philosophy in the ancient Greece intended to realize the idea of true humanity and to build the moral community. Husserl's interpretation of the philosophical culture is based on his belief that philosophy as an ideal culture transcends the cultural diversity and historical contingency and strives for a universal human community, in which all mankind are harmonized and live well. The philosophical culture would -so Husserl- result in the moral community. Against this conception of the moral cultural community, could man argue that the idea of the moral community be an ideal dream which could not be realized considering the irrational and immoral character of community. However, this argument should be refuted, because it has overlooked the moral and open-minded character of culture with the feeling of solidarity.
Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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v.39
no.4
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pp.74-82
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2011
During the industrialization and urbanization of the country, urban rivers have been covered over and developed without forethought and thus became estranged from spaces utilized by area residents in everyday life. Recently, an influx of people and uses have increased largely because accessibility improved through restoration projects which have transformed these river areas into pleasant environments. It thus appears that these projects have an impact on community consciousness for area residents who live near the restored rivers to some extent. The purpose of this study was to determine via questionnaire the effects and influences of urban river restoration on area residents targeting visitors to Seongnaecheon(stream), Songpa-gu, Seoul, which has been restored recently. Factors in the questionnaire analysis included such items as the use status of Seongnaecheon, community consciousness(feeling of belonging, solidarity, feeling settled), and a before and after comparison of the restoration(change of consciousness, regional effects), etc. According to the results of analysis, visitors who have utilized the stream more than 1~2 times per week after the restoration project accounted for the greatest portion. The main purposes of these visits were to 'rest' and 'exercise' while the ratio of using it as a 'meeting space with neighbors and strangers' was low. Community consciousness of area residents using Seongnaecheon was generally high. As a result of an analysis of consciousness differences between groups after dividing visitors into 3 groups according to the frequency of visits, there were significant differences in the consciousness level between groups with high community consciousness levels in visitors who visited frequently. In consideration of these results, the provision of programs along with proper facilities that can be used is deemed important for area residents so as to inspire community consciousness of the area by means of activating both community activities and the progressive use of the restored river.
Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
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v.24
no.3
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pp.131-143
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2024
This article examines the cases of archive development by research institutions for overseas Korean studies from the perspective of documenting the locality and explores development plans. The study investigates the impact of the solidarity between overseas Korean studies institutions and Korea-related communities in the region on the expansion of archives and the practice of locality documentation, using the case of the Korean War Archive Collection at the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Library. For this, it reexamines the implications of locality and locality documentation. In addition, it discusses the methods of Korean studies locality documentation emerging abroad, such as the locality where the two geographical areas of Korea and Hawaii are fused. Since 2023, the University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Library has been forming a network with the Korean War Veterans Association Hawaii Chapter 1 (KWVA) to collect and archive materials related to the Korean War. This is a case where the relationship between the archivists and the donor community has been developed to practice documenting the locality regarding Korean studies abroad. It proposes locality documentation as a way to expand archives in overseas Korean studies institutions that inevitably rely on the collection of records and discusses the importance of solidarity with Korea-related local communities. Finally, it shares the role of the record management subject and the implications found through the case.
Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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v.5
no.1
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pp.79-91
/
1998
This study investigated and summarized the history of peasant movement which had been done by various peasant associations Yesan, Hongsong, and Tangjin from the beginning of Korean Catholic Peasant Movement from 1970 to 1995. First of all, we classified all the peasant movements(Yesan ; 120 times, Hongsong; 113 times and Tangjin; 107 times / total; 340 times) into 5 categories composed of movement time, movement type, movement method, the number of participators, and the movement subjects(issues). The frequency of peasant movement from 1990 to 1995, occupied 65.6%, which shows that the peasant movement was the most active during the time. The frequency of movement type, were we could find out, self-dependence type(62.9%), resistance type(15.6%) and request type(21.5%). The active way like congregation, demonstration, sit-in, rice file up struggle occupied 28.8% and it got the first place in movement way. In the movement subject category, the construction of organizations and solidarity activity amounted to 37.8% and democratization item(the union democratization and the social democratization related peasant) covered 16.8%. The 98 times of peasant movement were done in the active ways such as congregation and demonstration. However we cannot find these active ways in 1970s. In 1980s, the frequency of each item (congregation, demonstration, publicity and propaganda) was 28 times. But in 1990s, the frequency of congregation, or demonstration was higher than the others. The number of participators in peasant movement increased during 1980s∼1990s. The movement of which participators were 100∼499 was 32 times in 1980s and 70 times in 1990s each time. Such large scale movement amounted to over 30%. Furthermore, the large scale movement in which over 500 people participated amounted to 12 times in 1990s.
This study is aimed to examine the characteristics of library space, in which user experiences and social networking are central in its design. Today, a library is a place to provide diverse accesses and experiences to information networks, where various individuals and user groups come and share mutual understanding and experiences. Library users developed social ties and a sense of community through library experiences. As a multipurpose space of a community, a library has the characteristics of urban public space like sidewalks and plazas. The eight case studies of libraries are analyzed from the viewpoint of each factor of library experience, including landscape, sidewalk, and plaza experience. The study drew its conclusions as follows. First, a library is a regional landmark for the users. Thus, it tends to be designed to allow transparency on its surface which introduces inner and outer landscape into the inside of the building. Second, the users experience a library similarly as they experience an urban street where they interface, browse, and interact with people and information. As they interact and share experiences, they develop solidarity and social ties among them. A library is designed to preserve continuity to adjacent streets, which increases accessibility to the building and hosts street activities into the building. Third, a library today is designed to be a flexible open space with information networking as well as community networking which allows library users diverse activities within it. For example, a multipurpose grand stairs in the middle of the main circulation of a building allows the users diverse activities. A large open stack with reading areas gives the users the feeling of an urban plaza where they can move vertically and horizontally. In conclusion, all findings of this study imply a user-oriented design for a library building.
Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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v.15
no.4
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pp.79-105
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2011
In-depth interview research and qualitative methodology were used to find changes in the experiences of family volunteer activities through the use of the Health Family Support Center. Ultimately, 143 items as sub-concepts, 42 items as sub-categories, and 10 items as subjects were found. I will also suggest alternative basic and primary data. First, using 10 subjects, the following points were evaluated in detail. I looked at what kind of changes in the volunteer activities these subjects experienced after working at the Health Family Support Center, and what the specific underlying reasons were for the changes in their family volunteer experience. These included 'community solidarity', 'family community', 'leisure and culture for the family', 'communication', 'personal relations', 'coping skills', 'growth', 'sympathy', 'positive thinking', 'future plans'. Second, families experienced a feeling of belonging as community members and the family realized the importance of their life, learned communication methods and coping skills. Third, families came to have new opportunities to grow as humans and learned a feeling of sympathy for others. Fourth, families found new paradigms to think positively about their daily life and to establish future plans. We will need more effort to empower family experiences of family volunteer activities that use the Health Family Support Center as well as supporting its staff. The following specific factors were the main mediating factors for using such a facility: family volunteer education, family volunteer service agency consulting, program planning, and managing family volunteers and other services.
Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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v.6
no.1
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pp.29-49
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2000
The purposes of this study are to identify the characteristics of inner-city industrial community and to analyse the subsistence mode of small manufacturing enterprises in the industrial community in Taegu Metropolitan area. The case study area, Nowon 1. 2-ga dong, is the typical inner city industrial community, adjacent to old industrial complex, which was recently transformed from semi -industrial to semi-residential zoning district. Now there are many old one story housing, newly constructed multi stories housing and many small factories of metal and machinery products. The conflicts of between residents and small business owners are not serious but latent. The subsistence mode of small manufacturing enterprises in this area is characterized as the network production system. The main attributes of this mode are local integration, horizontal subcontracting and strong industrial linkages in production processes and transactions. These transactions are mainly made by face-to-face contacts. The small business owners' local social networks are seen as series of units which are interconnected through various types of social and business relations. They exchange business information as using social networks. In addition, the majority of them join local social clubs with their local business counterpartners. Finally, the locational advantages of inner-city industrial community are production network, different industrial linkages and characteristic industrial milieu such as social solidarity, informal labor market and incubator effects. But these advantages are being challenged from the contradiction between capital and laned property and the urban gentrification policy. Accordingly, there should be positive redevelopment policy considering the subsistence mode of small business in these areas.
The purpose of this study is to help examine the nature and direction of today's village education community by examining the characteristics of Osan School and Myeongdong School, which were representative national schools during the Japanese colonial period, as village education communities. These two schools were prestigious private schools that became the bases for national and international independence movements at home and abroad. The fact that these schools were able to produce excellent graduates by faithfully carrying out the national education, which was the mission of the time, despite the oppressive situation, was influenced by the village education community formed by the organic cooperative relationship between the school and the village. The two schools have had active support from the village since their establishment, and the schools invited villagers if there was a good educational opportunity or cultural event. The school opened all the facilities of the school to the residents, and the villagers took care of the students and teachers, forming a close fusion between the two sides. Based on this relationship, the school and village made an effort to create an ideal village community based on independence, equality and solidarity. As such, the historical examination of Osan School and Myeongdong School suggests implications that help the village education community move forward to a more mature stage.
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