• 사회복지연구
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.379-402
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• 2010

본 연구는 지역사회SES에 따라 부모양육태도와 아동의 학교적응 및 공격성에 차이가 있는지, 또 지역사회SES는 부모양육태도를 통제한 후에도 학교적응 및 공격성에 영향을 미치는지 파악하고자 진행되었다. 지역사회SES는 대구시 30세 이상 인구대비 대학교 이상(수료 및 중퇴 포함) 재학 및 졸업자 비율을 기준으로 상, 중, 하 세 가지로 나누었고 연구대상은 이 세 지역의 초등학생 441명을 대상으로 하였다. 분석결과를 살펴보면 지역사회SES에 따라 민주적 양육태도와 허용적 양육태도에 차이가 나타났다. 또한 지역사회SES가 중간 이상인 지역의 학생들이 학교에 더 잘 적응하며, 공격성의 정도는 더 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 지역사회SES에 따른 학교적응과 공격성의 차이는 부모양육태도를 통제하고서도 여전히 나타남으로써 지역사회SES가 가족효과를 넘어 아동에게 독립적 영향을 미치고 있음을 확인하였다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 바탕으로 실천적 개입 방안을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.81-86
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• 2006

Background: A number of studies have reported associations between the ambient air pollution concentrations and various health outcomes. Especially, ozone is well known for primary risk factor of asthma attacks. The results of a recent study indicate that the size of the effect on health outcomes due to air pollution varied according to several conditions, including age, gender, race and the socioeconomic status. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the associations of ozone with the childhood asthma hospitalizations as stratified by the socioeconomic status (SES) at the community level in Seoul, Korea, 2002. Methods: SES at aggregated levels was measured on the basis of average regional health-insurance rate per citizen in the area. We applied the generalized additive model to analyze the effect of ozone on asthma after controlling for the potential confounding variables that were capable of influencing the results. Results: Our analysis showed that the number of children who were hospitalized for asthma increased as the SES of the residence area decreased. The estimated relative risks of hospitalization for asthma, as stratified by the SES of the community level, were 1.12 (95% confidence interval 1.00-1.25) in districts with the highest SES levels, 1.24 (95% CI=1.08-1.43) within the moderate SES levels, and 1.32 (95% CI=1.11-1.58) in the districts with the lowest SES levels. Conclusions: Our analysis showed that exposure to air pollution did not equally affect the health status of individuals. This suggests that not only the biological-sensitivity markers, but also the SES of the subjects should be considered as potentially confounding factors.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2017

Objectives: About for twenty years, immigrant women in South Korea have steadily increased due to economic growth and industrialization. According to previous studies in terms of immigrants, subjective socio-economic status(SES) as well as objective SES such as income, occupation and level of education predict health outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine association between subjective social status and perceived health among immigrant women. Methods: We analyzed 12,531 participants from the 2012 National Survey of Multicultural Families. Study variables included subjective SES in Korea, subjective SES in community and perceived health. Control variables were age, household income, employment, education, marital status, ethnicity, language proficiency. For this study, descriptive analysis, Chi-square test, and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed. Results: Among immigrant women, after adjusting for control variables, level of education in community was not associated with perceived health. Otherwise, subjective social status in Korea(low subjective social status reference group vs high subjective status : OR 2.056) was associated with perceived health. Conclusions: Immigrant women in Korea would be culturally affected by inherent characteristic rather than social economic status. Through this study, in order to improve health inequality among immigrant women, we should consider developing social supports and networks.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2018

The health status of menopause and its correlates among middle aged 160 rural and urban women was studied during 2015. The women who attained menopause and belonging to 40-55 years age range were selected from 8 villages of 4 talukas of Dharwad and Bagalkot Districts. The health status of women was evaluated by using standardized questionnaire, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGI). The structured interview schedule was used to collect personal information like name of the family members with their age, relationship with respondent. The Socio Economic Status (SES) of family was assessed by using Socio Economic Status scale developed by Agarwal (2005). The results revealed that 53.75 per cent respondents shown moderately affected followed by 26.25 per cent mildly affected and 20 per cent of women indicated severely affected health status. The mean value of health status in rural women is higher ($23.67{\pm}7.02$) than mean value of ($21.50{\pm}6.89$) urban women means the rural women had more health problems than urban women. Health status were high negatively significantly related with SES, education and occupation means women belonged to better SES category, literate and working women experienced less health problems compared to women who had poor SES, illiterate and non-working.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.76-81
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• 2009

Ovjectives: As the attention devoted to children's mental health increases, medical costs and burdens mount as well. In the present study, we evaluated the association between socioeconomic status(SES) and major child psychiatric symptoms. Methods: The subjects of this study were children of recruited from a mental health screening program in the Seoul Sungbuk mental health center over the course of 3 months. To establish the SES of each child, we collected data about each child's medical insurance, years of parental education, household income, family structure and housing. 149 children & parents completed questionnaires including the Childhood Depression Inventory(CDI) and the Korean Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale(K-ARS). Results: The mean K-ARS-P score was $12.1{\pm}11.1$ and the suspected prevalence of ADHD was 20.8%(n=31). The mean cm score was $12.9{\pm}7.9$, and the prevalence of suspected depression was 16.8%(25). Depressive symptoms and ADHD symptoms were both more severe than those observed in a previous epidemiologic study in Korea. Depressive symptoms were more closely associated with family SES status. Conclusion: SES status is one of the most important risk factors in the development of major child psychiatric symptoms. In our study we found that depressive symptoms in particular were most tightly associated with psychosocial factors. Evaluation of the risk factors, early screening and intervention for low SES children would be valuable mental health management tactics to implement in a community mental health system.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.154-162
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• 2005

Objectives: To analyze the relationships of socioeconomic status(SES) to health status and health behaviors in the elderly. Methods: Data were obtained from self-administered questionnaire of 4,587 persons, older than 65 years, living in a community. We measured the sociodemographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, health status (subjective health status, acute disease, admission experience, dental state, chronic disease etc.), activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and mini-mental state examination-Korean (MMSEK). Binary and multinominal logistic regression analyses were employed to analyze factors affecting on the socioeconomic status of the elderly. Results: With regard to the SES and health status, those with a low SES had poorer subjective health states and lower satisfaction about their physical health. Also, acute disease experiences, admission rates and tooth deciduation rates were higher in those of low SES. In the view of physical and cognitive functions, the ADL, IADL and MMSE-K scores were also lower in those of low SES. However, with regard to health behaviors, lower smoking and alcohol drinking rates were found in the low SES group, and a similar trend was shown with regular physical exercise, eating breakfast, and regular physical health check-up. From these findings, we surmise that those with low SES have a poorer health condition and less money to spend on health, therefore, they can not smoke or drink alcohol, exercise and or have a physical health check-up. Conclusion: This study suggests that socioeconomic status plays an important role in health behaviors and status of the elderly. Low socioeconomic status bring about unhealthy behavior and poor health status in the elderly. Therefore, more specific target oriented(esp. low SES persons) health promotion activities for the elderly are very important to improve not only their health status, but their health inequity also.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6303-6309
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• 2015

Differences in socioeconomic status (SES) such as income levels may partly explain why breast cancer screening (BCS) disparities exist in countries where health care services are free or heavily subsidized. However, factors that contribute to such differences in SES among women living in well resourced Middle East countries are not fully understood. This quantitative study investigated factors that influence SES and BCS of Arab women. Understanding of such factors can be useful for the development of effective intervention strategies that aim to increase BCS uptake among Arab women. Using data from a cross-sectional survey among 1,063 Arabic-speaking women in Qatar, age 35+, additional data analysis was performed to determine the relationship between socioeconomic indicators such as income and other factors in relation to BCS activities. This study found that income is determined and influenced by education level, occupation, nationality, years of residence in the country, level of social activity, self-perceived health status, and living area. Financial stress, unemployment, and unfavorable social conditions may impede women's participation in BCS activities in well resourced Middle East countries.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.443-452
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• 2018

본 연구는 제6기 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여 만 25세 이상 성인을 대상으로 사회경제적 특성 및 유병상태에 따른 의료서비스 이용행태를 파악하기 위한 연구이다. SPSS 23.0을 이용하여 빈도분석 및 기술적 통계분석, 일원배치분산분석, ${\chi}^2$-test, 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과는 남자보다 여자가, 65세 이상, 고졸이상, 무직이 많았고 소득분위는 모두 비슷한 수준으로 나타났다. 교육수준, 직능, 소득분위를 함께 고려한 사회경제적 상태(socioeconomic status; SES)에 대한 점수는 7-8점이 가장 많았고, 대부분 응답자의 주관적 건강상태는 보통으로 느끼고 있었다. 평균유병개수는 $1.07{\pm}1.497$개이며 외래서비스 평균이용횟수는 $0.50{\pm}.0745$회이며, 입원서비스 평균이용횟수는 $0.12{\pm}0.454$회로 외래서비스 이용횟수 보다 낮았다. 일반적 특성에 따른 유병 및 주관적 건강상태는 유의한 차이가 있었고, 연령이 높을수록, 교육수준과 직능, 소득분위 및 SES점수가 낮을수록 평균 유병개수는 많았으며 주관적 건강상태는 나쁘게 인식하였다. 현재 앓고 있는 질환에서 입원서비스는 중증일수록, 외래서비스는 만성일수록 많이 이용하는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, SES점수가 높을수록 전반적인 의료서비스의 이용이 낮았고, SES점수가 낮을수록 의료서비스의 이용은 높게 나타났다. 이와 같은 결과를 토대로 사회경제적 특성이 낮은 집단에게 질환을 예방할 수 있는 적절한 보건교육 프로그램을 개발하여 이들이 질환에 노출되었을 때 적정한 의료서비스를 이용할 수 있도록 지역사회기반의 적절한 보건서비스 체계의 구축 및 시행의 필요성을 시사 할 수 있겠다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권13호
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• pp.5243-5251
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• 2015

Background: To assess women's awareness from diverse sections of society in Delhi regarding various aspects of breast cancer (BC) - perceptions, signs and symptoms, risk factors, prevention, screening and treatment. Materials and Methods: Community-level survey was undertaken in association with the Indian Cancer Society (ICS), Delhi during May 2013-March 2014. Women attending BC awareness workshops by ICS were given self-administered questionnaires before the workshop in the local language to assess BC literacy. Information provided by 2017 women was converted into awareness scores (aware=1) for analysis using SPSS. Awareness scores were dichotomized with median score=19 as cut off, create more aware and less aware categories. Bivariate and multivariate analysis provided P-values, odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Broadly, 53.4% women were aware about various aspects of BC. Notably, 49.1% women believed that BC was incurable and 73.9% women believed pain to be an initial BC symptom. Only 34.9% women performed breast self-examination (BSE) and 6.9% women had undergone clinical breast-examination/mammography. 40.5% women had higher awareness (awareness score > median score of 19), which was associated with education [graduates (OR=2.31; 95%CI=1.78, 3.16), post-graduates (OR=7.06; 95%CI=4.14, 12.05) compared to ${\leq}$ high school] and socio-economic status (SES) [low-middle (OR=4.20; 95%CI=2.72, 6.49), middle (OR=6.00; 95%CI=3.82, 9.42) and upper (OR=6.97; 95%CI=4.10, 11.84) compared to low SES]. Conclusions: BC awareness of women in Delhi was suboptimal and was associated with low SES and education. Awareness must be drastically increased via community outreach and use of media as a first step in the fight against BC.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate socioeconomic inequalities in the prevalence of dental caries among an urban population. Methods: This study was conducted among 2000 people 15-40 years of age living in Kurdistan, Iran in 2015. Using a questionnaire, data were collected by 4 trained dental students. The dependent variable was the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMF) index. Using principal component analysis, the socioeconomic status (SES) of families was determined based on their household assets. Inequality was measured using the concentration index; in addition, the Oaxaca analytical method was used to determine the contribution of various determinants to the observed inequality. Results: The concentration index for poor scores on the DMF index was -0.32 (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.40 to -0.36); thus, poor DMF indices had a greater concentration in groups with a low SES (p<0.001). Decomposition analysis showed that the mean prevalence of a poor DMF index was 43.7% (95% CI, 40.4 to 46.9%) in the least privileged group and 14.4% (95% CI, 9.5 to 9.2%) in the most privileged group. It was found that 85.8% of the gap observed between these groups was due to differences in sex, parents' education, and the district of residence. A poor DMF index was less prevalent among people with higher SES than among those with lower SES (odds ratio, 0.31; 95% CI, 0.19 to 0.52). Conclusions: An alarming degree of SES inequality in oral health status was found in the studied community. Hence, it is suggested that inequalities in oral health status be reduced via adopting appropriate policies such as the delivery of oral health services to poorer groups and covering such services in insurance programs.