• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.61-73
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to provide information needed to the construction of the co-housing in the urban area. This study focused on the characteristics of co-housing in its planning process of private house & common space; 'economy', 'creativity' & 'sociality'. The object of this study is co-housing in 'Seongmi-san Village' in Seoul, which was built by a coordination company with residents' participation. The methods are investigating interview materials, floor plans of 9 households, & common space plans produced in the coordination process from the basic plan of private house & common space to the final plan. The results are as follows. 1) The size and plan of private house differed from each other. The water pipe location differed from each floor, so that there were difficulties in construction. In conclusion, these made no 'economy', but brought high 'creativity'. 2) The 'sociality' would be estimated as high because there were various types of resident participation; resident interviews on the planning, workshops for private housing plan, and workshops for common space.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.15-24
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• 2007

The concept of modern medical science has been changing from the old period which is simple treatment of diseases to the new period which is active prevention from diseases. Because preventing diseases is more effective and economical than treating diseases. This is the reason that needs to HPC at the concept of Health diagnosis. Another reason of HPC is to diagnose the stresses and to prescribe an effective exercise and to show the way of nutrition intake in order to keep up the condition of individual health. According to these reasons, I foresee the demand of remodelling HPC from existing HEC on this study. I define the common space that HEC uses duplication with HPC. I also aim to analyze them and to examine the alterable function and proper size of common space in case of remodelling.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

In this paper, we obtain some unique common fixed point theorems for four self-maps and pair of maps in D-metric space using orbitally lower semi continuity conditions.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.11-23
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• 2013

In this paper, we obtain a common fixed point theorem for multivalued mappings in a complete Menger $\mathcal{L}$-fuzzy metric space. $\mathcal{L}$-fuzzy metric space is a generalization of fuzzy metric spaces and intuitionistic fuzzy metric spaces. We extend and generalize the results of Kubiaczyk and Sharma [24], Sharma, Kutukcu and Rathore [34].

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.517-526
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• 2013

We give a fixed point theorem for complete fuzzy metric space which generalizes fuzzy Banach contraction theorems established by V. Gregori and A. Spena [Fuzzy Sets and Systems 125 (2002), 245-252] using notion of altering distance, initiated by Khan et al. [Bull. Austral. Math. Soc. 30 (1984), 1-9] in metric spaces.

• Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 2013

The aim of this paper is to establish a new fixed point theorem for a set-valued mapping defined on a metric space satisfying a weak contractive type condition and to establish a new common fixed point theorem for a pair of set-valued mappings defined on a metric space satisfying a weak contractive type inequality. And we give periodic point theorems for single-valued mappings defined on a metric space satisfying weak contractive type conditions.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.822-834
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• 1985

Reexpansion of the lung is the most desirable method of filling the pleural space whether it`s contents may be, and closed thoracotomy connected to a water-seal drainage remains the basic therapeutic modality in the treatment of the problems of the pleural space. We usually used rubber mushroom tubes, size No. from 16 to 34 Fr., and performed closed thoracotomy after preliminary thoracentesis to determine the exact depending position. Author reviewed 576 cases of closed thoracotomy which were performed in the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, since Jan., 1980 to June, 1984. The results were as follows: 1. The age distribution was 10 days to 76 years old and mean age of the patients was 36.6 year, and the most prevalent age group was twenties, and sex predisposition was male dominant, 86.9%. 2. The most common etiologic disease group was pneumothorax and the most common etiologic disease was traumatic hemothorax. 3. Sites of tubing were predominantly at posterior axillary line, 7th intercostal space and midclavicular line, 2nd intercostal space even though frequent presence of free pleural space. The two sides, right and left difference of occurrence rate was more frequent at right side, 51.2%. 4. Usually the durations of tubing was less than 10 days, 52.6%, and the number of tubes used to the same patient concomitantly was one, 73.9%, and the time of tubing to the same patient was 1st, 83.6%. 5. The common symptom and sign were dyspnea, 50.0%, chest pain, 30.7%, cough, 10.7%, fever, 6.5%. Especially, fever and cough was the most common symptom and sign in pyogenic empyema, 59.3%. 6. The common etiologic lesions of pneumothorax were blebs and bullae, 73.3%, and of pyogenic empyema was pneumonia, 69.0%. 7. The complication rate of closed thoracotomy was 26.0%. Among these complications, infection was 44.7%, and intercostal neuralgia was 25.3%. 8. 70.9% of all patients recovered with only closed thoracotomy and the rest of patient needed additional some necessary managements such as open thoracotomy [Blebectomy, Resection, Pleurodesis, Decortication, Bleeding control], open drainage, thoracoplasty and so on to have successful results.

• Proceedings of the SAREK Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.554-559
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• 2006

The currently common housing is obviously going to be under the reconstruction in just $20{\sim}30$ years, with the failure to satisfy the improvement of national income, diversification and advance of national demand. But, reckless and random reconstruction Induce the serious problem of environmental pollution involving the loss of national treasury and excess materials of constructions. In order to address such problem, the common housing of longevity, which can adequately cope with the changes of times and tastes of inhabiters, in the future, is arising as an alternative. Recently, the groundbreaking phase of common housing is also being considered as another alternative to resolve such problem. The common housing of longevity has an advantage to create a free and comfortable space in accordance with the tastes of inhabiters, as well as expanding the durability of building. But, the current facility system has an inability to deal with the sort of housing. Thus, the research paper is designed to make an analysis on problems of common housing in South Korea, which has made it difficult to handle a changing space, and based on the analysis, the paper is intended to make a review on the future-oriented facility service appropriate enough to deal with the changing aspects of space.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.107-115
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to Investigate the spatial composition characteristics of elderly housing facilities in USA, in order to refer them in establishing the basic plan for elderly housing in Korea. The case study performed in this study from July 23 to July 31 is based on ten housing facilities for the elderly located at California in USA. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The type of floor plan was classified into the U type, ㅁ type, L type, and ㅡ type. And they had an outside space called a garden(courtyard). 2. The kinds of common spaces could be grouped as the space for basic living, for leisure, and for convenient living. Also it was all common that the housing facility had shared livingroom, shared diningroom, activity room and garden. The type of the common spaces was categorized into two types, the centralized type where the shared space was located at the center of the housing facilities, and the distributed type, depending on the degree of separation between common spaces and units. ,3. The kinds of units was classified into studio, oneroom, one bedroom and two bedroom.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.311-320
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• 2011

Public libraries in Korea have undergone changes from libraries for just reading or keeping books to libraries with cultural facilities that provide information through various media. It was because of the "plan for building the information-oriented library" in 2000 that made the complexation of public library in progress. The alterations of the system have changed the structure as well as the grade ranks but haven't been considered enough for administrators or visitors. Hereupon, we are to study of the features by analyzing how the application of the system changed the structure of library. There are four stages in research methods. First, concept of public library and functional elements requested in the process of complexation were studied from literature. Second, vertical, horizontal and circulate changes were studied by applying subject libraries into prior research stereotyping the libraries. Third, mutual relations between each place were studied through J-Graph by elements. Lastly, rank changes according to centrality of space and users were quantitatively studied with space syntax. 4 notable changes were found in these analyses. (1)Vertical, horizontal and circulate structure of public libraries were homogenized. Since 2001, however, they have become diversified as all-in-one or detachable. (2)The space structure of library before 2001 was shallow tree shape while in 2001, period of transition, was the tree shape mixed with ring shape. As time goes on, it has become shallow tree shape again but connected by ring shape in part of reading and common space and in digital reference room. (3)Digital reference room was center of the space around 2001 and it ranked top for integration. After 2007, however, it has become setting off-center. (4)About the purpose of using public libraries, using it as space for administrators ranked top followed by space for visitors and common space before. For now, common space ranks top and space for visitors and administrators. 5 subject public libraries were selected respectively before and after 2001.