• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.744-747
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• 2008

Quantity information focused on a design drawing plays a critical role in a decision making related to cost for project participants during project life cycles. Related participants absolutely depend on quantity take-off working which produces the quantity information by hand, and then a worker's mistake often causes many errors. The difference of quantity by the know-how of the person in charge of the estimation also occurs. In addition, the worker passes through the whole quantity take-off processes again in case of re-working for quantity take-off produced by a change order. The requirements about the automated estimation increase because of the needs for the accurate quantity take-off and dealing with the change order and recently, the studies about the automated estimation working process based on 34 cad model from 3d cad modeler are attempted in various viewpoints. However, the existing studies reach the limits such as common quantity data type framework for getting Quantity information. Focused on a certain 34 cad modeler and BIM based automation of estimation using it Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop the a series of system which can extract, analyze, and verify Quantity Data Type in modeler to automate quantity take-off originated from various 3d cad modelers as a foundation study for BIM based automation of estimation framework.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.232-233
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• 2021

As construction projects become larger and more complex in the construction environment, and as the Building Information Model(BIM) is technically introduced, the demand for construction costs in units of space is increasing. Cost estimating of spacial element can reduce the error in cost prediction method based on cost of work type and to utilize the construction cost data for each space in the design phase. The purpose of this study is to extract spatial statements by utilizing spacial information of quantitative statements based on items that are common elements of the Quantity Take-Off and Bill of Quantity.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.37-42
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• 2001

This paper resents a biological reaction model of describing processing features in treating wastewater via activated sludge A proposed model is designed by combining fuzzy rules investigating several elements which have influence on variables to be supervised BOD and SS are suggested as common variables in input and output variables, and O$_2$quantity is closed as input variable. We chose triangular type membership functions for input variables and determined the grades in each membership function based upon process data According to simulation result to show the validity of proposed model, fuzzy model's outputs give almost similar data to process output under same input conditions.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.217-230
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• 2012

To look at Korea trade environment, as increasing the quantity of goods transported in North-East Asia and deepening national competitive, information-oriented logistics environment is needed. That means it is automated work process and can provide value-added service. To do this, logistics business can be efficiently handled through "Electronic Means for the Clearance of Ships" and electronically data processing. Also, by increasing the risk of international terrorism, regulation regarding to logistics security has strengthened around the advanced country, such as USA and EU, etc. or international organization, such as IMO, ISO, etc.. Furthermore, because trade and logistics environment is changing and security becomes more important in logistics area, movement or status information of goods within the port or in entry in/out becomes more and more be needed in real time. In case cross-border logistics activities, international cooperation or agreement between countries is very important. However, different opinions much happened on defining the interface. If to follow one format or type using at a specific country or organization, it was occurred to difficulty in respect of interoperability as well as additional costs or time. Therefore, this paper proposes common interface model to exchange information for the efficient global SCM for using by the output of Korea R&D project, "National Logistics Standardization System Development".

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.69-93
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• 2008

Rising healthcare cost is a global phenomenon that justifies governments' introduction of 'incentive regulation' plan for the improvement of hospital efficiency. A number of previous studies tried to evaluate the efficiency of healthcare organization by using Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA), a common efficiency benchmarking method. However, there is a concern that this kind of efficiency evaluation could induce "quantity-quality trade-off". Moreover, as quality aspect is especially important in terms of 'effectiveness' of health care, it should be considered in efficiency evaluation of healthcare organization. A number of different models were tried so far to incorporate quality aspect into DEA, however, none is universally recognized as a standard. Thus, in this study, previous quality-incorporating DEA models were categorized into 6 types according to the way of incorporating quality aspect, and strengths and limitations of each type were reviewed with a set of artificial data as an example. Based on this review, a new quality-incorporating efficiency evaluation model, named Quality-adjusted output DEA(QAO-DEA), was suggested. As an exploratory empirical analysis, technical efficiency of human resource were measured with different quality-incorporating DEA models, using 2004 data from National University Hospitals. In conclusion, Quality-adjusted output DEA(QAO-DEA) model seems to be one of the most desirable alternatives to incorporate quality aspect in efficiency evaluation of hospital, and deserves the consideration as a policy tool to induce simultaneous improvement of both efficiency and quality.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.19-28
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• 2020

This study investigated the annual frequency and clothing type by extracting puff sleeves designs from overseas fashion collections from S/S and F/W 2017 to S/S and F/W 2019. Specifically, it analyzed production characteristics and pattern methods by the type of puff sleeve design, and found the following: In terms of the percentage of puff sleeves by season, S/S 2019 was the highest. Since Newtro, with a 1990s sensitivity, was the mainstream trend during the S/S 2019, power puff sleeves, a signature of the Newtro style, accounted for the greatest portion of this design feature. In terms of the type of clothes with puff sleeves, 'dress' (54.3%) was the highest, followed by 'shirts/blouse' (27.5%), 'jacket/coat' (12.5%), and 'padded coat/jacket' (5.7%). Specifically, puff sleeve patterns were found mostly in the 'dress' category, more than 47% every season, while the figures were more than 23%, 9.3%, and 2.6% in 'shirts/blouse', 'jacket/coat' and 'padded coat/jacket', respectively. In other words, puff sleeve designs were more common in 'dress' or 'shirts/blouse' than in a 'padded coat/jacket'. In general, the shoulder length is reduced to prevent the shoulders from looking broader because of puffs. In contrast, recent puff-sleeve styles differ from those introduced by modern fashion designers in that they have drop shoulders with puffs attached. Furthermore, as constructive and over-exaggerated sleeve patterns appeared, puffs were applied to diverse sleeve styles including mutton leg and Mameluke styles. The analysis results of this study will contribute to the development of the fashion industry through small quantity batch production pursuing unique styles and serve as the basis for further studies on the configuration methods of puff sleeves. This study will be used in various ways, including as educational material on sleeve patterns. Through the analysis of sleeve patterns, this study tries to provide basic data for planning the design of puff sleeves and helping to diversify the ladies' apparel market in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.117-130
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• 2000

The purpose of this thesis is to offer basic data for clothing design which is intended to apply appropriate shape and capacity to clothes. The following are the analyzed results of an investigation which was conducted to characterize the upper half of the female body of 193 women whose ages are 18 to 25, taking part in this investigation. According to the results of analyzing young women's bust, I came to find a large individual difference of the wide varying factor numbers at the items of the side feature, the body stance, and the dart quantity. For the analysis of the female's upper body, 11 factors are used. The are as follows: Factor 1. width of the bust Factor 2. height of the bust and length of the arm Factor 3. side thickness of the bust and the upside type Factor 4. length of the bust on the front Factor 5. length of the bust on the back Factor 6. salient ratio of the breast Factor 7. width of the neck. the armhole, and measurement of the droop Factor 8. length of the shoulder Factor 9. flat ratio of the bust Factor 10. inclination of the shoulder factor 11. form of the back The shape of young women's upper bodies can be divided into four groups. The character ization of each group are as follows : Group 1 . 28.5% of the women who take part in this investigation belong to Group 1 These women have the shortest body, with a longer length of the front than the back and more thickness on the front than the back. Group 2. 21.1% of the women who take part in this investigation belong to this group. They show a longer length of the back and more thickness of the back than the front. In addition, this group is bent forward. Group 3. This group is the mast common type, showing the shortest and thickest character. 37.8% of the women who take part in this investigation have this bust character Group 4. 12.4% of the women belong to Group 4. They possess the highest and fattest character, skewing smaller necks, armholes, and waists than the other groups. This group also shows the drooping shoulders.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7625-7628
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• 2014

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. The primary aim of this work was to provide an in-depth evaluation of research publications in the field of diets and breast cancer. The impact of economic outcome on national academic productivity was also investigated. Data were retrieved using Pubmed for English-language publications. The search included all research for which articles included words relating to "diets and breast cancer". Population and national income data were obtained from publicly available databases. Impact factors for journals were obtained from Journal Citation Reports$^{(R)}$ (Thomson Scientific). There were 2,396 publications from 60 countries in 384 journals with an impact factor. Among them, 1,652 (68.94%) publications were Original articles. The United States had the highest quantity (51% of total) and highest of mean impact factor (8.852) for publication. Sweden had the highest productivity of publication when adjusted for number of population (6 publications per million population). Publications from the Asian nation increased from 5.3% in 2006 to 14.6% in 2012. The Original article type was also associated with geography (p<0.001; OR=2.183; 95%CI=1.526-3.123), Asian countries produced more proportion of Original articles (82%) than those of rest of the world (67.6%). Diets and breast cancer-associated research output continues to increase annually worldwide including publications from Asian countries. Although the United States produced the most publications, European nations per capita were higher in publication output.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.267-272
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• 2008

Purpose: Donor site seroma is the most common complication of extended latissimus dorsi flap for breast reconstruction. One of preventive treatments is to use the fibrin sealant in donor site before closure. Experimentally, it has been used successfully in the prevention of latissimus donor site seroma, but its clinical efficacy and results were very controversial. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy and to determine the optimal dose of fibrin sealant. Methods: A retrospective study was done of patients operated under same surgical conditions by one operator with variable doses of fibrin sealant. The study group consisted of 60 consecutive patients who underwent breast reconstruction with extended latissimus flap reconstructions from January 2005 to December 2006. Patients were divided into 4 group by applied fibrin sealant amount(group 1=0 mL, group 2=1 mL, group 3=2 mL, group 4=4 mL). Retrospective data were obtained from total postoperative drainage amount, time from surgery to drain removal, and incidence and quantity of seroma formation in matched patients group. Results: Total drainage amount decreased relative to the amount of fibrin sealant. The seroma formation rate of 30% in the study group 4 was significantly less than group 1 rate of 71%(p<0.05). It was an improvement over the rates of as much as 79% described previously in the literature. Also, time from surgery to drain removal was shortened significantly in group 4 patients(p<0.05). Conclusion: The use of fibrin sealant in the extended latissimus dorsi flap donor site appears effective in preventing seroma. However, important factors to obtain lower seroma formation rates are proper techniques and proper amounts such as the authors suggested amount: $0.01mL/cm^2$ with spray type fibrin sealant.