• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2011

This study proposes proportions of functional areas in the ward of general hospitals, which are derived from 5 big university hospitals in order to establish the ward area standard for hospital design. The results of this paper are as follows. First, functional areas of hospital ward are composed of bedroom area, nursing area, training area, service area, and common area. Of course common area can be divided into first common area and secondary common area. The first common area(inter departmental common area) includes lobbies, elevator lobbies, corridors, restroom, and mechanical shafts. The secondary common area means the common area within special department such as ward or radiology department. Second, a standard method of calculating ward areas has been proposed: the standard is based on the center line of the wall between functional areas. Third, the proportions of 6 functional areas in ward are suggested.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.55-64
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• 2017

This study analyzes the common space of the high schools before and after the decade of 2009 which starts Subject-centered clusters school plan, and proposes the direction of common space planning for the future. Based on the floor plans of high schools awarded as excellent school facilities every year, first, types and numbers of common space, second, area ratio between common space and program space and also moving space and staying space, third, space connections were analyzed for tracking the change of the relationship between common, staying and program spaces. The study results demonstrated that types, numbers and area ratio of the common space were increased as the years go on. Especially, the area ratio of staying space was dramatically increased after 2009 and this result was caused by the home-base, alcove space, and hall that were adopted for subject-centered clusters planning after 2009. Connecting diagram of staying area and program spaces also shows the spaces related to staying area were changed from a classrooms and administrative office etc. to a library, gym, and seminar rooms etc. In case of staying area, it would have a value as a common space for various student activities such as group activities, meetings, and multi-uses. Because student activities would be changed and encouraged depending on the location, sizes and program spaces around staying area, it should be emphasized that the planning for staying area is critical for future school design.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2014

An efficient heuristic for two-vehicle-one-depot problems is developed in this research. Vehicle moving speeds are various along hour based time intervals due to traffic jams of rush hours. Two different heuristics are examined. One is that the delivery area assignment is made using Sweep algorithm for two vehicles by splitting the whole area in half to equally divide all delivery points. The other is using common area by leaving unassigned area between the assigned for two vehicles. The common area is reassigned by two stages to balance the completion time of two vehicle's delivery. The heuristic with common area performed better than the other due to various vehicle moving speeds and traffic jams.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to look into the change of area and space organization percentage of wards in main general hospitals in Busan and Gyeongnam. Method : Patient area, nursing area, service area, training area, common area were classified for functional space organization. Patient area was reclassified to bedroom and comfort area, and common area was reclassified into vertical circulation, horizontal circulation and facility area. Also, method of area calculation was chosen standard to wall center-lines following building act 911 and functional space area of each hospital was estimated and comparatively analyzed. Result : For hospitals completed before 2000, area ratio by functional space for patient area, nursing area, service area and common area showed 53.6%, 10.2%, 0.8%, and 35.3% respectively. For hospitals completed after 2000, area ratio by functional space for patient area, nursing area, service space, and common area showed 49.2%, 12.6%, 1.1%, and 37.2% respectively. Implications : Through this study, change of percentage of space organization of main general hospitals in Busan Gyeongnam can be understood. Also because most studies on area organization of general hospital wards were focused on the capital area, this study provides basic material for future studies related to area of general hospital wards in Busan Gyeongnam.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.135-138
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• 1998

This area is plant-geographically located at the Temperate Subtropical Zone and Evergreen Broad Leaf Zone which is included in the sea of southern area of the Korean Peninsula. The Japanese black pine is the most common tree in this area. The sorts of trees that are living in this area Camellia, Alder, Oak, Acorn. It is reported that this area is located at the Evergreen Broad Leaf Zone of Korean Peninsula that is living in the southern sea. The construction place was originally a grassy place. About 40 familly 100 species different plants were living at this area. The most common animals were the Rodents and the most common birds were the Colombiformes.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2013

A sweep-based heuristic using common area is developed for multi-vehicle VRPs under time various and unsymmetric forward and backward vehicle moving speed. One depot and 2 delivery vehicle are assumed in this research to make the problem solving strategy simple. A common area is held to make adjustment of possible unbalance of between two vehicle delivery completion times. The 4 time zone heuristic is used to solve for efficient delivery route for each vehicle. The current size of common area needs to be studied for better results, but the suggested problem solving procedures can be expanded for any number of vehicles.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1867-1875
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• 2011

이 논문에서는 저면적 256-point FFT 구조를 제안한다. 저면적 구현을 위하여 CSD(Canonic Signed Digit) 곱셈기 방식을 채택하여 구현하였다. CSD 곱셈기 방식을 효율적으로 적용하기 위해서는 곱셈연산의 가지 수가 적어야 하는데, 여러 알고리즘을 조사한 결과 Radix-$4^2$ 알고리즘이 곱셈연산의 가지 수가 적음을 발견하였다. 따라서 제안 구조는 Radix-$4^2$ DIF 알고리즘과 CSD 곱셈기 방식을 사용하였다. 즉 Radix-$4^2$ 알고리즘을 사용하여 4개의 스테이지에서 사용되는 곱셈연산의 가지 수를 최소화한 후에 각각의 곱셈연산 블록은 CSD 곱셈기를 사용하여 구현하였다. CSD 곱셈기 구현에서 공통패턴을 공유하여 덧셈기의 수를 줄일 수 있는 CSS(Common Sub-expression Sharing) 기술을 사용하여 구현면적을 더욱 감소시켰다. 제안된 FFT 구조를 Verilog-HDL 코딩 후 합성하여 구현한 결과, Radix-4를 사용한 구조와 비교하여 복소 곱셈기 부분의 29.9%의 cell area 감소를 보였고 전체적인 256-point FFT 구조에 대한 비교에서는 12.54% cell area 감소를 보였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2014

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate demographic and clinical factors affecting the common femoral artery diameter and length, and anatomical relationship between the femoral head and the common femoral artery during angiography. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed 109 femoral angiograms. We collected the clinical data of the patients and estimated the common femoral artery diameter and length. We divided the areas in the angiogram from cephalic to caudal direction (zone 0 to 5). The lowest levels of the inferior epigastric artery loop and points of the common femoral artery bifurcation were checked. Results : The luminal diameter of the common femoral artery was $6.19{\pm}1.20mm$. Height, weight, body surface area, as well as common femoral artery diameter were significantly greater in men than in women (p<0.005). The length of the common femoral artery was $27.59{\pm}8.87mm$. Height, weight and body surface area showed strong positive relationships with common femoral artery diameter. All of the inferior epigastric artery loops were located above the center of the femoral head. The point of common femoral artery bifurcation was above the center of the femoral head in 4.59% of femoral angiograms. Conclusions : Males and patients with a high body surface area have a larger common femoral artery diameter. The cumulative probability of optimal targeting between the lowest margin of the inferior epigastric artery loop and the common femoral artery bifurcation is the highest in zone 3 puncture.

• 농촌계획
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.131-144
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• 2015

With a view to creating beautiful farm villages, this study aims to exploit space syntax and thereby establish a systematic plan for refurbishing common farming facilities in farm villages by expanding a remodeling plan that has so far been focused on farm houses to cover different villages as well as in spatial scope. For this purpose, the study has extracted a system of categories for common ownership facilities in farm villages and applicable elements needed for collaboration in the space of joint production by performing a comprehensive analysis of related literature for the purpose of researching the distribution of common farming facilities. Based on such categorization of applicable elements, the study conducted a field survey of the four types of farm villages such as suburban area (Hwaseong), inland farming-centered area (Jeungpyeong), coastal & plain area (Goheung), and mid-mountain area (Gangneung), through group discussions by participating researchers and field pilot surveys. Also, space analysis has come up with measurements based on the five criteria of integration, local integration, control, connectivity, and spatial depth. And a plan for type-specific remodelling of common farming facilities has been drawn up through standardization based on the values in integration for different villages and spatial depth for common farming facilities. The significance of the current study consists in identifying how the location of common farming facilities influences the characteristics of different villages in terms of spatial structure and then drawing up guidelines for planning their placement.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SP
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2009

이 논문에서는 OFDM시스템에서 가장 큰 칩 면적을 차지하고 높은 전력을 요구하는 핵심 연산 블록인 FFT에 대하여 파이프라인 Radix-4 MDC 방식의 저면적 구조를 제안하였다. 나비연산기에서 Twiddle factor 복소 곱셈연산을 수행할 때, 기존의 곱셈기를 사용하지 않고 CSD형 계수의 공통패턴을 공유하여 덧셈의 수를 줄일 수 있는 Common sub-expression sharing 방식과 CORDIC 알고리즘을 사용하여 구현 면적을 감소시켰다. 제안구조는 Verilog-HDL을 통해 모델링하고 Synopsys로 논리합성한 결과 기존구조와 비교하여 복소곱셈부는 48.2%감소효과, 전체 FFT구조는 22.1%의 면적 감소효과를 달성하였다. 따라서 제안된 FFT구조는 다양한 크기의 FFT를 사용하는 OFDM용 시스템에 효율적으로 사용될 수 있는 구조임을 보였다.