• 제목/요약/키워드: Commercial yield

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Cultivar Evaluation for Red Pepper under Organic Crop Management in Korea

  • Won, J.G.;Jang, K.S.;Hwang, J.E.;Kwon, O.H.;Jeon, S.G.;Park, S.G.
    • 한국유기농업학회지
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    • 제19권spc호
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    • pp.195-198
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    • 2011
  • To screen several promising red pepper cultivars, may be adaptable to organic cultivation conditions, seventy six F1 hybrids commercial and eight local purebred red pepper cultivars were tested. Comparing the infection rate of phytophthora blight between commercial (F1 hybrid) and local (Purebred) cultivars, average infection rate of commercial cultivars was 9.8% and that of local cultivars was 17.8%. But the infected fruits rate of anthracnose in field were similar as 3.3% in commercial (F1 hybrid) and 3.1% in local (Purebred) cultivars. In yield characteristics, average yield of commercial cultivars was 2.89 t $ha^{-1}$ and that of local cultivars was 2.22 t $ha^{-1}$. For organic pepper farmers it is more favourable to cultivation purebred cultivars because they can save to the same quality plant next year's crop. In this study among the local purebred cultivars, two cultivars are promising that their yield near to 3 t $ha^{-1}$ and have disease field resistance.

벼의 생산력 분석 -[1] 한계 수량- (Analysis of Productivity in Rice Plant -[I] Potential Grain Yield-)

  • 박훈;김영섭;목성균
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.221-227
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    • 1971
  • 수원 213, 수원 214, 진흥 및 팔달의 한계수량을 각엽위엽의 한계 수량으로부터 계산하였다. 한계수량의 패턴이 각엽의 백분을 기여도에 따라 IR 667계통은 상위엽 의존형인 반면 진흥과 팔달은 하위엽 의존형으로 구분할 수 있었다. 이러한 패턴은 각기 조기노화 및 내음성과 관련될 것으로 추정되었다. 한계수량과 실수랑을 비교한 결과 초형이 비교적 불량한 진흥과 팔달은 보다 더 한계수량에 미달하였다. 한계수량이 갖는 영양생리 및 육종에 있어서의 의의를 검토하였으며 한계수량 측정방법도 논의하였다.

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Effects of Changes in Fishing Effort on Yield of Kuwait's Commercial Fish Stocks

  • LEE J. U.
    • 한국수산과학회지
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    • 제23권6호
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    • pp.475-483
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    • 1990
  • An assessment of Kuwait's commercial fish stocks: hamoor (Epinephelus tauvina), zobaidy (Pampus argenteus), nakroor (Pomadasys argenteus) and sheiry (Lethrinus nebulosus), was conducted using length-frequency data, mean growth and mortality estimates obtained during 1981$\~$1988. The length-cohort analysis indicated that increases in fishing effort would not lead to long-term gains in yield of the stocks at the current estimate of natural mortality rate (M). At high M which was assumed arbitrarily, some benefit in yield could be obtained, especially for hamoor and sheiry. At low M, the yield of all stocks decreased with increased fishing effort. Increases in fishing effort resulted in significant dec-line in spawning stock size for all the stocks. Yield-per-recruit analysis indicated that, un-der low M assumption, a higher yield can be obtained for zobaidy and nakroor by reducing fishing effort. At moderate M, decreases in fishing effort brought gains in yield per recruit of the stocks, but it was not substantial compared with the present level of M. At high M, most of the stocks reached the maximum yield-per-recruit. Overall, increased fishing effort either will not be associated with large long-term gains in yield or, in some stocks, might cause a decline from the present level.

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Protoplast Production from Sphacelaria fusca (Sphacelariales, Phaeophyceae) Using Commercial Enzymes

  • Avila-Peltroche, Jose;Won, Boo Yeon
    • 한국해양바이오학회지
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    • 제12권1호
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    • pp.50-58
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    • 2020
  • Sphacelaria is a filamentous brown algal genus that can be epibiotic on macroalgae, marine plants, and sea turtles. Its important role in benthic ecosystems, exposure to different stressors (e.g., grazing), and use as a model organism make Sphacelaria ideal for assessing physiological responses of organisms to environmental inputs. Single-cell RNA sequencing is a powerful new probe for understanding environmental responses of organisms at the molecular (transcriptome) level, capable of delineating gene regulation in different cell types. In the case of plants, this technique requires protoplasts ("naked" plant cells). The existing protoplast isolation protocols for Sphacelaria use non-commercial enzymes and are low-yielding. This study is the first to report the production of protoplasts from Sphacelaria fusca (Hudson) S.F. Gray, using a combination of commercial enzymes, chelation, and osmolarity treatment. A simple combination of commercial enzymes (cellulase Onozuka RS, alginate lyase, and driselase) with chelation pretreatment and an increased osmolarity (2512 mOsm/L H2O) gave a protoplast yield of 15.08 ± 5.31 × 104 protoplasts/g fresh weight, with all the Sphacelaria cell types represented. Driselase had no crucial effect on the protoplast isolation. However, the increased osmolarity had a highly significant and positive effect on the protoplast isolation, and chelation pretreatment was essential for optimal protoplast yield. The protocol represents a significant step forward for studies on Sphacelaria by efficiently generating protoplasts suitable for cellular studies, including single-cell RNA sequencing and expression profiling.

Fruit Yield and Quality Evaluation of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) F1 Hybrids Derived from Inbred Lines

  • Shrestha, Surendra Lal;Luitel, Binod Prasad;Lee, Taek Jong;Kang, Won Hee
    • 한국육종학회지
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    • 제42권4호
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    • pp.344-350
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    • 2010
  • Sweet pepper inbred lines (KNU1003, KNU1006, KNU1007, KNU1009, KNU1015, KNU1017 and KNU2006) developed at Kangwon National University (KNU) through conventional means, inbred lines (5AVS1, 5AVS2, 5AVS3, 5AVS5, 5AVS7 and 5AVS8) collected at Rural Development Administration (RDA) and inbred lines (SP12, SP27 and SP14) derived from anther culture were used as female parents and anther culture derived homozygous lines (SP9, SP10, SP14, SP24, SP25, SP27, SP30, SP32, SP34, SP38, SP43, SP45 and SP51) were used as male parents to produce $F_1$ hybrids. A total of 37 $F_1$ hybrids were evaluated for fruit yield and quality characters in summer season, 2007. Variation in fruit number, fruit weight, fruit yield per plant and fruit volume was observed among the $F_1$ hybrids. Superiority on yield over standard/commercial varieties were differed among $F_1$ hybrids. Hybrid $5AVS8{\times}SP45$ exhibited highest heterosis over Special (16.5%) and Fiesta (24.7%). Fruit quality characters (fruit length, fruit width, pericarp thickness, total soluble solid, fruit shape and fruit color) were varied among the $F_1$ hybrids. Fruit number, fruit weight and fruit volume per plant were correlated with fruit yield. Based on the standard heterosis expressed by the hybrids and quality characters evaluation, $KNU1017{\times}SP27$, $5AVS1{\times}SP43$, $5AVS5{\times}SP27$, $5AVS8{\times}SP45$, $SP12{\times}SP38$ and $SP27{\times}SP25$ hybrids were found to be superior over commercial cultivars and are selected. Inbred lines of these hybrid combinations can be used to produce $F_1$ hybrid seed for commercial production.

Utilization of Faba Bean (Ficia faba) By-Products as Feed Ingredients for Lactating Cows

  • Al-Saiady, M.Y.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.255-259
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    • 1998
  • Sixteen Friesian Cows were allocated equally into 4 groups in a $4{\times}4$ Latin square design to evaluate the effects of utilizing bean by-products on the feed intake and milk production. Cows were fed on 4.5% of their body weight fresh alfalfa; the remainder of their requirements were covered by one of 4 experimental concentrate treatments: 1) commercial concentrate (CC), 2) 70% CC + 30% bean hulls (BH), 3) 70% CC + 30% Polished bean (PB) and 4) 70% CC+ 15% BH + 15% PB. Results showed that the inclusion of bean hulls at 30% improved (p<0.05) milk yield, 4% fat corrected milk yield, feed conversion ratio and fat percent of the milk over the other treatments. Feeding cows on a commercial concentrate plus 30% BH or 30% PB or 15% from each of BH and PB decreased the cost of feed per kg milk by 13.6, 2.5 and 1.3 %, respectively, lower than those fed on the commercial concentrate.

Hydrolysis of Empty Fruit Bunch of Oil Palm Using Cellulolytic Enzymes from Aspergillus terreus IMI 28243

  • Kader, Jalil;Krishnasamy, Getha;Mohtar, Wan;Omar, Othman
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • 제9권4호
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    • pp.514-517
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    • 1999
  • Hydrolysis of EFB (empty fruit bunch) derived from oil palm was studied using crude enzyme from Aspergillus terreus IMI 282743 along with commercial enzymes from Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger. Hydrolysis at $40^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$ with $\alpha$-cellulose or EFB gave significantly lower yield when commercial enzymes of T. reesei and A. niger were used and the hydrolysis time extended beyond 10 h. After 24 h of hydrolysis at $40^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$, the filter paper activity (Fpase) from A. terreus retained as much activity as A. niger and it was significantly higher than T. reesei. Glucose concentration of 0.25% and 0.5% caused significant inhibition in the crude enzyme, but in regards to the commercial enzymes it only showed a slight effect. Crude enzymes from A. terreus could produce the highest reducing sugars when compared to commercial enzymes from T. reesei or A. niger. Nevertheless, low yield of sugar was observed for EFB for all treatments.

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고추냉이 물재배시 묘크기가 생육 및 수량에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Seedling and Division Nursery Stock Size on Growth and Yield in Water Culture Condition of Wasabia japonica Matsum)

  • 변학수
    • 한국자원식물학회지
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    • 제10권4호
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    • pp.375-381
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    • 1997
  • 1. 소양댐의 수질을 조사, 분석하여 일본 주산지인 정강(靜岡)과 비교한 결과 pH는 비슷하고, 전기 전도도는 $0.03{\sim}0.2mmho/cm$ 안에 들어 재배에 적당한 조건이었다. 2. 소양댐 용수의 용존성분중 질소, 인산은 일본보다 약간 높고, K는 낮았다. 황은 높은 수준이었고, Mg는 매우 낮았다. 3. 분주묘의 초장 변화는 대묘에서는 이중 sigmoid, 중묘, 소묘는 S형 생장을 하였다. 4. 분주묘의 근경중 분포에서 40g이상의 개체는 대묘는 87%, 중묘는 80%, 소묘는 54%의 분포를 보였고, 상품 근경중은 대묘 723kg/10a, 중묘 639kg/10a 이었다. 5. 실생묘의 묘 크기별 초장 변화 곡선은 묘 크기에 상관없이 S형 생장을 나타냈다. 6. 실생묘의 묘 크기별 상품율은 대묘 60%, 중묘 13%, 소묘 20%, 상품근경중은 대묘 395kg/10a, 중묘 102kg, 소묘 160kg 이었다. 7. 고추냉이 주요 형질간 상관관계에서 초장은 엽병장, 엽장, 엽폭, 엽병중과 엽폭은 엽중, 엽병중과 정의 상관관계를, 근경중은 주경엽수, 근경장, 근경폭, 엽중, 총중량과 고도의 정의 상관관계를 보였고, 엽병중, 총근경중과도 유의성 있는 상관을 보였다.

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Dietary L-carnitine Influences Broiler Thigh Yield

  • Kidd, M.T.;Gilbert, J.;Corzo, A.;Page, C.;Virden, W.S.;Woodworth, J.C.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제22권5호
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    • pp.681-685
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    • 2009
  • L-carnitine promotes mitochondrial ${\beta}$-oxidation of long chain fatty acids and their subsequent transport across the inner mitochondrial membrane. Although the role of L-carnitine in fatty acid metabolism has been extensively studied, its role in live performance and carcass responses of commercial broilers is less understood. The objective of this research was to determine if Lcarnitine fed at various levels in diets differing in CP and amino acids impacted on live performance and carcass characteristics of commercial broilers. Two floor pen experiments were conducted to assess the effect of dietary L-carnitine in grower diets. In Exp. 1, Ross${\times}$Hubbard Ultra Yield broilers were placed in 48 floor pens (12 birds/pen) and fed common diets to d 14. A two (0 or 50 ppm Lcarnitine) by three (173, 187, and 202 g/kg CP) factorial arrangement of treatments was employed from 15 to 35 d of age (8 replications/treatment). An interaction (p<0.05) in carcass yield indicated that increasing CP (187 g/kg) resulted in improved yield in the presence of L-carnitine. Increasing CP from 173 to 202 g/kg increased (p<0.05) BW gain and decreased (p<0.05) feed conversion and percentage abdominal fat. Feeding dietary L-carnitine increased back-half carcass yield which was attributable to an increase (p<0.05) in thigh, but not drumstick, yield relative to carcass. In Exp. 2, $Ross{\times}Ross$ 708 broilers were fed common diets until 29 d. From 30 to 42 d of age, birds were fed one of seven diets: i) 200 g/kg CP, 0 ppm L-carnitine; ii) 200 g/kg CP, 40 ppm L-carnitine; iii) 180 g/kg CP, 0 ppm L-carnitine; iv) 180 g/kg CP, 10 ppm L-carnitine; v) 180 g/kg CP, 20 ppm L-carnitine; vi) 180 g/kg CP, 30 ppm L-carnitine; and vii) 180 g/kg CP, 40 ppm L-carnitine (6 replications of 12 birds each). BW gain, feed conversion, mortality (30 to 42 d), and carcass traits (42 d) were measured on all birds by pen. There were no treatment differences (p<0.05). However, the addition of 40 ppm L-carnitine in the 200 g CP/kg diet increased (p = 0.06) thigh yields relative to BW in comparison to birds fed diets without L-carnitine, which was further confirmed via a contrast analysis (0 vs. 40 ppm L-carnitine in the 200 and 180 g CP/kg diets; p<0.05). These results indicated that dietary L-carnitine may heighten metabolism in dark meat of commercial broilers resulting in increased relative thigh tissue accretion without compromising breast accretion.

Mud-Scale Deinking Process for the Recycling of Office Waste Paper using Cellulase

  • 이상목;류근갑;구윤모
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국생물공학회 2000년도 춘계학술발표대회
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    • pp.347-350
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    • 2000
  • Enzymatic deinking of office-waste paper was studied using crude cellulase and papain-hydrolyzed cellulase from Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 in small-scale and mid-scale. The results were compared with deinkings using commercial enzyme(Novozym 342) and conventional chemical methods. Maximum brightness and freeness were obtained at 3 units/g Oven Dry Paper(ODP) of CMCase activity using crude cellulase in mid-scale deinking experiments. The deinked pulp had higher physical strength and brightness, and lower freeness and yield than the pulp deinked in small scale. In small scale deinking, maximum brightness and freeness were obtained at 2 unit/g ODP. Deinking by papain-hydrolyzed cellulase showed similar results with one by Novozym 342. It was better in brightness and freeness, but showed lower physical strength and yield, than the conventional deinking by sodium hydroxide. The ratio of endo-1,4-glucanase and exo-1,4-glucanase components in papain hydrolyzed cellulase from T. reesei Rut C-30 was similar to that of commercial enzyme, Novozym 342, implicating a successful application as a deinking enzyme.

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