• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.193-193
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• 2013

Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) have been suggested as possible replacements for $SF_6$ and the fluorocarbons used in and emitted during technological plasma treatments because PFCs have significantly low greenhouse warming potentials. Of many PFCs, c-$C_4F_8$ and 2-$C_4F_8$ attract special attention because of their high CF2 radicallevels in commercial plasma treatments. Accordingly, several experimental and theoretical studies of these $C_4F_8$ species have been conducted, although only the geometries at their stationary states and their adiabatic electron affinities (EAs) have been determined. However, this information is not sufficient for a deep understanding of all the possible fates and roles of $C_4F_8$ species and their fragments in plasma phases. Although the performance and reliability ofeach DFT functional have been examined carefully by the development team of each functional form with respect to the training and test data sets of well-known molecular systems, no PFC was included in the data sets. So a careful additional assessment of the reliability of DFT functionals for the study of PFC systems is highly required. In order to find a DFT method appropriate to PFCs, the geometry, energy, and chemical reaction properties of $C_4F_8$ were calculated and compared with reference data.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.44-47
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• 2006

Morphometric characteristics of female red sea bream, Pagrus major (Temminck et Schlegel) and male black sea bream, Acanthopagrus schlegelii (Bleeker) hybrids is described. From the result of our study, the morphometric characters of hybrid may be 7 paternal-like, 2 maternal-like or even out of the range of parental species. The pigmentation of the hybrid is intermediate in some respects and resembles that of the parental species in others. This study of characterization in morphometric traits of the hybrids, red sea bream and black sea bream may be useful for distinguish of each genotype in commercial sea bream aquaculture.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.143-146
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• 2014

A single serranid specimen of Epinephelus radiatus was collected by a hook for the commercial longline fisheries occurred near Marado, Jeju Island, Korea. The present specimen was characterized by five irregular dark brown bands passing downward and forward from upper edge of body, scales in longitudinal row 107, and pored lateral line scales 55. This species is easily distinguishable from the morphologically similar Korean serranid species of E. poecilonotus based on band patterns on body. That is, the former has five irregular oblique dark-edged brown bands, and the latter has several long horizontal bands on lateral body. We propose a new Korean name, "Ma-ra-bari," for Epinephelus radiatus.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.53-60
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• 1993

Substrates used were hardwood-Suwon poplar-(Populus alba${\times}$glandulosa L.) and softwood-pitch pine-(Pinus rigida M.). And these substrates were steam exploded then treated with sodium chlorite at 75$^{\circ}C$ with occasional stirring in order to obtain samples which had different lignin contents and crystallinity. And then this resulting samples incubated with a commercial cellulase derived from Trichoderma ressei. The contents of Klason lignin were decreased as the increasing of the ratio of sodium chlorite in the two species. The effect of hardwood was more effective than that of softwood in the same ratio of sodium chlorite. The minimum contents of Klason lignin were 0.8% and 5.1% respectively. And the crystallinities of cellulose were increased very little as increasing of the ratio of sodium clorite. The hydrolysis extent of the two species were increased as the increasing of delignification. Especially, the hydrolysis extent of hardwood was more higher than that of softwood. The maximum hydrolysis extent were 89.8% and 71.1%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.288-297
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• 2019

This study conducted a survey using a sampling inspection method and acoustic technique for continuous monitoring of useful organisms and non-commercial fish species distributed in the water of Gwangyang Bay, and evaluated the marine resources. In June, 2018, 38 species were caught in the shrimp beam trawl, comprising 3,594 marine organisms with a total weight was 65,415.3g. The acoustic survey showed that the nautical area scattering coefficient (NASC; $m^2/n.mile^2$) for the waters of Gwangyang Bay was highest in Transect 15 ($1,655.5m^2/n.mile^2$) and lowest in Transect 1 ($1.3m^2/n.mile^2$). The biomass was estimated to be 2,634.9 tons in the acoustic survey. This indicates that the acoustic survey method detected more fish shoals than the sampling inspection method.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.251-263
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• 2022

Sea cucumbers are worm-like, leathery bodied, benthic, marine organisms with a branched gonad. There are over 900 species, and these organisms are capable of changing their mechanical state, regenerating their small appendages, and digestive tract. Additionally, sea cucumbers possess both commercial and therapeutical value. Furthermore, it is thought that the metabolites these organisms possess may give rise to their therapeutical value. The use of sea cucumbers in therapy can be traced back to the Ming dynasty, where they were eaten for their tonic properties against constipation, hypertension, and rheumatism. A plethora of studies have been conducted, whereby different metabolites were extracted from sea cucumbers and tested for different therapeutic properties. Herein, we review and discuss the anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-coagulant, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of the sea cucumber by assessing literature on PubMed and Google Scholar. Furthermore, the genome and epigenome of these remarkable species is discussed. With the immense data supporting the therapeutic properties of sea cucumbers, further studies are warranted, in order to develop novel and innovative therapeutic compounds for the benefit of human health from these fascinating marine organisms.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.296-303
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• 2022

The cucurbit powdery mildew (CPM) caused by different fungal species is a major concern for cucurbit crops around the world. In Argentina CPM constitutes the most common and damaging disease for cucurbits, especially for squash crops (Cucurbita moschata). The present study displays initial insights into the knowledge of the disease in western Argentina, including the determination of the prevalent species causing CPM, as well as the evaluation of the resistance of squash cultivars and breeding lines. Fungal colonies were isolated from samples collected in Mendoza province, Argentina. A field trial was also performed to assess the resistance of five squash accessions, including commercial cultivars and breeding lines. The severity of CPM was analyzed and epidemiological models were built based on empirical data. The morphological determinations and analysis with specific molecular markers confirmed Podosphaera xanthi as the prevalent causal agent of CPM in Mendoza. The results od the field trial showed differences in the resistance trait among the squash accessions. The advanced breeding line BL717/1 showed promising results as source of CPM resistance for the future development of open pollinated resistant cultivars, a crucial tool for an integrative control of the disease.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.303-310
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• 2023

Yellow goosefish (Lophius litulon) is one of the important commercial fisheries target species in Korea, and commonly consumed as braised or stew. The microsporidian Spraguea is known to infect the nervous system of lophiid fish, forming numerous visible whitish xenomas. This parasite is commonly found in lophiid fish worldwide, but there is no information on the infection status of this parasite in Korea. We obtained commercially available chopped packs of lophiid fish from several fish markets and investigated their prevalence of infection. The isolated xenomas were crushed and purified as mature spore suspension. Microscopic observation and PCR were conducted to visualize and identify them. The host fish was also identified by DNA bar cording analysis. All the specimens were heavily infected and microscopic observation with Giemsa or Chromotrope 2R stain revealed tiny oval shapes of typical microsporidian spores. PCR analysis targeting the partial SSU rDNA showed that our specimen belongs to the genus Spraguea clade. But clear identification at the species level was not possible, due to the insufficient information of gene sequences available in GenBank. In addition, all of our host fish specimen was identified as yellow goosefish. This is the first report of a microsporidian parasite Spraguea infection in yellow goosefish from Korea.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.139-144
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• 2017

A. bisporus is the fifth most cultivated mushroom in Korea, and approximately 10,757 tons were cultivated in 2015. The genetic diversity of collected strains in Korea and commercial cultivars was analyzed using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. ISSR markers known to be comparable among A. bisporus spp. were selected from various markers. Totally, 16 markers, namely the ISSR markers 807, 808, 810, 811, 834, 835, 836, 841, 842, P3, P8, P17, P22, P30, P38, and P39, were evaluated to discriminate between ASI 1110, 1114, 1115, 1238, 1246, 1365, 1366, and 1369 for selecting suitable markers in 16 markers. The ISSR markers P31, P38 and P39 exhibited various fingerprints that could help classify the strains in species. Using the three markers, genetic relationships among 39 strains, including commercial cultivars, such as SaeA and SaeYeon, were analyzed using the UPGMA method. The results of the analysis of the genetic relationships between commercial cultivars and collected strains in Korea confirmed that the commercial cultivars were different from the collected strains in Korea. These results suggested that the ISSR markers P31, P38, and P30 could be used for selecting the commercial cultivars of A. bisporus.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1717-1725
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• 2013

Traditional soybean paste from Shandong Liangshan and Tianyuan Jiangyuan commercial soybean paste were chosen for analysis and comparison of their bacterial and fungal dynamics using denaturing gel gradient electrophoresis and 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. The bacterial diversity results showed that more than 20 types of bacteria were present in traditional Shandong soybean paste during its fermentation process, whereas only six types of bacteria were present in the commercial soybean paste. The predominant bacteria in the Shandong soybean paste were most closely related to Leuconostoc spp., an uncultured bacterium, Lactococcus lactis, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus spp., and Citrobacter freundii. The predominant bacteria in the Tianyuan Jiangyuan soybean paste were most closely related to an uncultured bacterium, Bacillus licheniformis, and an uncultured Leuconostoc spp. The fungal diversity results showed that 10 types of fungi were present in the Shandong soybean paste during the fermentation process, with the predominant fungi being most closely related to Geotrichum spp., an uncultured fungal clone, Aspergillus oryzae, and yeast species. The predominant fungus in the commercial soybean paste was Aspergillus oryzae.