• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.150-154
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• 2016

To determine a favorable substrate formulation for Grifola frondosa, physicochemical conditions, culture properties, and yields according to various substrate formulations were investigated. Based on these analyses, T4 (80:5:15 ratio of oak sawdust to dried bean-curd refuse to corn husk) resulted in a shorter cultivation period and higher yields (weight of fresh mushrooms harvested at maturity) than those of other treatments. The physicochemical properties of T4 were pH 5.4, 2.4% crude fat contents, 54 C/N ratio, 74.3% porosity, and 0.26 g/cm3 bulk density. These results emphasize the importance of optimal substrate development on the production efficiency of G. frondosa mushrooms and have implications for commercial applications.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.140-144
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• 2023

The objective of this study was to achieve biological control of green mold disease in Pyogo mushrooms using antagonistic microorganisms. Bacillus subtilis BSM320 cells inhibited mycelial growth by 48-60% against three Trichodermaisolates including T. hazianumisolated from the substrates of Lentinula edodes, showing their antifungal activity.The bacteria were cultured to a high density of 4.2 × 10⁹±113.7 cfu/mlin aqueous extract of composted spent mushroom substrates of L. edodes containing 1% glucose and showed a higher growth rate than that observed when using the commercial medium, Luria-Bertani broth. The bacterial culture showed a 75% protective effect without damaging the mushroom fruiting bodies. These results suggest that B. subtilis BSM320culture is suitable for biological control of green mold disease during mushroom cultivation.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2010

A new commercial strain of Agrocybe chaxingu, "Dasan", was developed with crossing between monokaryotic strain derived from Jinhyang and GWM20502 strain. The optimum temperature, carbon source and nitrogen source for mycelial growth were $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, glucose and ammonium chloride, respectively. The period of primordia formation and fruiting body growth were about 12~13days and 6~8days in bottle cultivation using Georgia pine sawdust which supplemented with 30% wheat bran. The yields was 118.2g/850mL bottle, and the color of pileus was brown.

• Mycobiology
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.183-188
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• 2009

The molecular phylogeny in nine different commercial cultivated strains of Pleurotus nebrodensis was studied based on their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and RAPD. In the sequence of ITS region of selected strains, it was revealed that the total length ranged from 592 to 614 bp. The size of ITS1 and ITS2 regions varied among the strains from 219 to 228 bp and 211 to 229 bp, respectively. The sequence of ITS2 was more variable than ITS1 and the region of 5.8S sequences were identical. Phylogenetic tree of the ITS region sequences indicated that selected strains were classified into five clusters. The reciprocal homologies of the ITS region sequences ranged from 99 to 100%. The strains were also analyzed by RAPD with 20 arbitrary primers. Twelve primers were efficient to applying amplification of the genomic DNA. The sizes of the polymorphic fragments obtained were in the range of 200 to 2000 bp. RAPD and ITS analysis techniques were able to detect genetic variation among the tested strains. Experimental results suggested that IUM-1381, IUM-3914, IUM-1495 and AY-581431 strains were genetically very similar. Therefore, all IUM and NCBI gene bank strains of P. nebrodensis were genetically same with some variations.

• Mycobiology
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.427-430
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• 2020

Ganoderma lingzhi is a well-known source of natural fungal medicines which has been given for the treatment of several diseases. China is one of the major commercial producers of Ganoderma mushroom worldwide. However, with the expansion of the commercial cultivation, the occurrence of the fungal diseases on G. lingzhi has also been increased. The green mold disease symptoms were observed in the cultivation base of G. lingzhi in Zuojia Town, Jilin City, Jilin Province, China, causing the basidiomes to be rotten and withered, and the green mycelium layer generated gradually. The pathogenicity tests showed the same symptoms as appeared naturally in Zuojia mushroom base. Morphology characters revealed conidia green, ellipsoid, globose, 2.56-4.83 × 2.09-4.22 ㎛, length-width ratio was 1.1-1.2 (n = 10). Conidiophores trichoderma-like, often asymmetry, branches solitary, paired or in whorls of 3 phialides formed solitary, paired or in whorl, variable in shape, lageniform, sometimes ampulliform or subulate. While using molecular methodology, comparing with the sequences of Trichoderma hengshanicum from GenBank, the analyzed sequence showed 97.32% homology with the RPB2 sequences, 100% with the TEF1-a sequences. A fungus isolated from the diseased tissues was identified based on morphology and molecular studies as T. hengshanicum. This is the first report of T. hengshanicum causing the green mold disease of G. lingzhi in China.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.31-34
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• 2005

This experiment was carried out to examine on the physiological and cultural characteristics of commercial strain Kunneutari #3 of Pleurotus eryngii. The optimal medium suitable for mycelial growth was YM, and followed by MCM and PDA. Also this strain more faster mycelial growth as 6.1 cm/7days compared with commercial strain P. eryngii #1. The optimal mycelial growth temperature was $25{\sim}30^{\circ}C$. The fruitbody yield was increased 54% with $117{\pm}16g/850m{\ell}$ and the fruitbody shape and qualities of this strain was good. And individual weight was $41{\pm}27g$. Spawn run of P. eryngii #3 in bottle cultivation took 30 days and also it took 21 days from scratching of inoculum to harvest that was shorter 3 days than P. eryngii #1, respectively. Therefore, it is expected that cultivation for P. eryngii #3 strain will improve farmer's income by enhancing efficiency of facilities and shorten 6 days on cultivation period, in addition, getting more growing cycle of P. eryngii.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1521-1531
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• 2008

After pigs was fed by commercial diets supplemented with various concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5%) of the fermented mushroom by-product of Pleurotus eryngii, the meat qualities and the serum lipid compositions of the individual pig groups were investigated. The levels of total lipid, total cholesterol, and triglyceride in the serum were significantly lower when the pigs were fed with the diet supplemented with 1.5% fermented mushroom by-product than those of the control pigs. HDL-, LDL-, and VLDL-cholesterol contents in the serum exhibited no significant difference between the pig group fed by the diet containing the fermented mushroom by-product and the control group. In comparison to the control group, the pig group fed by the diet supplemented with 1.5% fermented mushroom by-product showed significantly lower level of AI, CRF, GOT, and LDH values in the serum, whereas the difference in the level of antioxidant activity of the serum was not significant. Sensory evaluation regarding color, off-flavor, tenderness, juiciness, and overall acceptability also showed that the pork from the pig group fed by the diet supplemented with the fermented mushroom by-product ($0.5{\sim}1.5%$) was better than that from the control group. Although enhancement in the lghtness ($a^*$) value of the pork was significant in 20 days of storage at $4^{\circ}C$, the redness ($L^*$) value was not significantly differential during the storage periods regardless of the supplementation of the fermented mushroom by-product into the diet. The cooking loss of the pork from the pig group fed by the diet supplemented with the fermented mushroom by-product (1% and 1.5%) decreased in the storage 10 days, but it increased in the storage 20 days. After storage for 20 days at $4^{\circ}C$, shear force of the pork obtained from the pigs fed by the diet supplemented with $1%{\sim}1.5%$ fermented mushroom by-product appeared to become significantly lower than that of the control. There were, however, no significant changes between two groups in the level of moisture content, crude lipid, and pH during the storage period. Although the TBARS content was enhanced in all groups during the storage period, the enhancement appeared to be more significant in the pork from the pig group fed by the diet containing the fermented mushroom by-product in comparison to the control. On the other hand, the ratio of UFA/SFA for the pork obtained from the individual pig groups showed no considerable diet-associated alterations during the storage period.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Near Infrared Spectroscopy Conference
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• 2001.06a
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• pp.1517-1517
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• 2001

Cultural conditions during production of compost, using wheat straw and chicken litter as raw materials, will affect the microbial and biochemical characteristics, leading to a wide variation in mushroom productivity. Over the past 10 years, chemical and instrumental methods, suitable for assessing compost quality have been studied in Northern Ireland. In addition, the use of near subject of investigation over the past 4 years. Previous studies have shown that NIRS can be used fer assessing quality of dried and milled composts. The aim of the current investigation is to develop NIR calibrations for key quality parameters such as dry matter, pH, nitrogen, carbon, ash, microbial population and fibre factions during the two stages of production using spectra of fresh composts. Near infrared reflectance measurements of fresh composts prepared by 6 producers were made during a two-year period. Although the spectra of fresh composts were dominated by two moisture peaks at 1450 nm and 1940 nm, good calibrations for determining moisture content, conductivity, pH, nitrogen, carbon and fibre fractions were developed. The results of quality assessment during commercial production using the calibrations will be presented and discussed.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.59-61
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• 2006

Genetic transformation of a mushroom-forming fungus Coprinellus congregatus to antibiotic resistance gene had been successfully carried out by electroporation to oidia instead of protoplasts. Since there was no protoplast generation step which required not only cell wall degrading enzymes but many skillful procedures, commercial herbicide (basta) could be used without any difficulty with simple procedure. The transformation yield was 10-20 $transformants/{\mu}g$ DNA, and the transformants were very stable even after 10 consecutive transfers through the non-selective medium.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.460-464
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• 2013

dsRNA was found in malformed cultures of Lentinula edodes strain FMRI0339, one of the three most popular sawdust cultivated commercial strains of shiitake, and was also found in healthy-looking fruiting bodies and actively growing mycelia. Cloning of the partial genome of the dsRNA revealed the presence of the RdRp sequence of a novel L. edodes mycovirus (LeV), and sequence comparison of the cloned amplicon showed identical sequences sequence to known RNA-dependent RNA polymerase genes of LeV found in strain HKA. The meiotic stability of dsRNA was examined by measuring the ratio of the presence of dsRNA among sexual monokaryotic progeny. More than 40% of the monokaryotic progeny still contained the dsRNA, indicating the persistence of dsRNA during sexual reproduction. Comparing the mycelia growth of monokaryotic progeny suggested that there appeared to be a tendency toward a lower frequency of virus incidence in actively growing progeny.