• Title/Summary/Keyword: Commercial catalyst

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Numerical Modeling of Vanadia-based Commercial Urea-SCR plus DOC Systems for Heavy-duty Diesel Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems (바나듐 기반의 Urea-SCR과 DOC가 결합된 Heavy-Duty 디젤 배출가스 후처리 시스템의 SCR De-NOx 성능 향상에 관한 수치해석 연구)

  • Yun, Byoung-Kyu;Kim, Chong-Min;Kim, Man-Young;Cho, Gyu-Baek;Kim, Hong-Suk;Jeong, Young-Il
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.24-30
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    • 2010
  • In this study, numerical experiments were carried out to estimate the SCR De-NOx performance in DOC plus SCR systems. The SCR De-NOx phenomena are described by Langmuir-Hinshelwood reaction scheme. After validating the present approach by comparing the present results with the experimental results, such various parameters as space velocity, $H_2O$ concentration, $NO_2$/NOx ratio and relative volume of DOC are explored to increase the SCR De-NOx performance. The results indicate that SCR De-NOx performance largely depends on space velocity and $NO_2$/NOx ratio, especially below $200^{\circ}C$. SCR De-NOx performance is seriously affected by relative volume of DOC with SCR due to increasing in $NO_2$/NOx ratio at below $250^{\circ}C$.

Study on Reaction Characteristics and Catalysts to Reform Diesel for Production of Hydrogen (수소생산을 위한 디젤 개질용 촉매와 반응특성에 관한 연구)

  • Kang, In-Yong;Bae, Joong-Myeon
    • Journal of the Korean Electrochemical Society
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.12-16
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    • 2005
  • Diesel is one of the best hydrogen systems, which has very high volumetric density $[kg\;H_2/m^3]\;(>100)\;and\;gravimetric\;density[\%\;H_2]\;(>\;15)$Several catalysts were selected for diesel reforming. 3 catalysts of our group (NECS-1, NECS-2, NECS-3) and 2 commercial catalysts (Sud-Chemie, Inc, FCR-HCl4, FCR-HC35) were used to reform diesel. NECS-1 showed the best performance to reform diesel. In addition to these results, we studied on reaction characteristics for better understanding about auto thermal reforming of diesel by investigating product gas concentrations and temperature Profiles along the catalyst bed. We found technological issues such as fuel delivery and thermal configuration between front exothermic part and rear endothermic part.

Effect of Poly(propylene-co-octene) as a Compatibilizer on Mechanical Properties and Weldline Characteristics of Polypropylene/Poly(ethylene-co-octene) Blends (폴리프로필렌/에틸렌-옥텐 공중합체 블렌드의 기계적 성질 및 웰드라인 물성에 미치는 폴리프로필렌-옥텐 공중합체의 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Koo, Hyo-Seon;Son, Young-Gon
    • Elastomers and Composites
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    • v.46 no.3
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    • pp.251-256
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    • 2011
  • Effect of poly(propylene-co-octene) as a compatibilizer in toughened polypropylene/ poly(ethylene-co-octene) (EOC) was investigated. The EOCs used were metallocene catalyzed commercial linear low density polyethylene and they are elastomeric materials. The poly(propylene-co-octene) was synthesized by metallocene catalyst in our laboratory to be used as a compatibilizer in PP/EOC blends. PP/EOC blends without compatibilizer shows very low mechanical properties in specimens with weldlines while incorporation of a compatibilizer significantly increases the mechanical properties of specimens with weldlines. However, compatibilized PP/EOC blends does not show increased impact property in a weldline free specimen and it is attributed to low molecular weight of the poly(propylene-co-octene) synthesized in present study. It is expected that the poly(propylene-co-octene) having increased molecular weight provides very good performance as an effective compatibilizer in toughened polypropylene/EOC blends.

Characterization of Ni-Fe Alloy Electrodeposited Electrode for Alkaline Water Electrolysis (알칼라인 수전해용 Ni-Fe 합금 전착 전극의 특성)

  • AN, DA-SOL;BAE, KI-KWANG;PARK, CHU-SIK;KIM, CHANG-HEE;KANG, KOUNG-SOO;CHO, WON-CHUL;CHO, HYUN-SEOK;KIM, YOUNG-HO;JEONG, SEONG-UK
    • Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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    • v.27 no.6
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    • pp.636-641
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    • 2016
  • Alkaline water electrolysis is commercial hydrogen production technology. It is possible to operate MW scale plant. Because It used non-precious metal for electrode. But It has relatively low current density and low efficiency. In this study, research objective is development of anode for alkaline water electrolysis with low cost, high corrosion resistance and high efficiency. Stainless steel 316L (SUS 316L) was selected for a substrate of electrode. To improve corrosion resistance of substrate, Nickel (Ni) layer was electrodeposited on SUS 316L. Ni-Fe alloy was electrodeposited on the passivated Ni layer as active catalyst for oxygen evolution reaction(OER). We optimized preparation condition of Ni-Fe alloy electrodeposition by changing current density, electrodeposition time and composition ratio of Ni-Fe electrodeposition bath. This electrodes were electrochemically evaluated by using Linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and Cyclic voltammetry (CV). The Ni-Fe alloy (Ni : Fe = 1 : 1) showed best activity of OER. The optimized electrode decreased overpotential about 40% at $100mA/cm^2$ compared with Ni anode.

Simluation of PEM Fuel Cell with 2D Steady-state Model (2차원 정상상태 모델을 이용한 고분자전해질형 연료전지의 모사)

  • Chung, Hyunseok;Ha, Taejung;Kim, Hyowon;Han, Chonghun
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.46 no.5
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    • pp.915-921
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    • 2008
  • In most PEM fuel cell research, effects of cell geometry, physical properties of component such as membrane, carbon cloth, catalyst, etc. and water transport phenomena are key issues. The scope of these research was limited to single cell and stack except BOP(Balance of plant) of fuel cell. The research fouced on the fuel cell system usually neglect to consider detailed transport phenomena in the cell. The research of the fuel cell system was interested in a system performance and system dynamics. In this paper, the effect of the anode recirculation is calculated using the 2D steady-state model. For this work, 2D steady-state modeling and experiments are performed. For convenience of modifying of model equation, not commercial pakage but the in-house algorithm was used in simulation. For an vehicle industry, the analysis of the anode recirculation system helps the optimization of operating condition of the fuel cell.

A Numerical Study on the Internal Flow and Combustion Characteristics of the Catalytic Combustor for the 5kW MCFC Power system (5kW 급 MCFC 발전시스템 촉매연소기의 유동 및 연소 특성에 대한 수치적 연구)

  • Kim, Chong-Min;Lee, Youn-Wha;Kim, Man-Young;Kim, Hyung-Gon;Hong, Dong-Jin;Cho, Ju-Hyeong;Kim, Han-Seok;Ahn, Kook-Young
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2008.11b
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    • pp.3049-3052
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    • 2008
  • MCFC(molten carbonate fuel cell) power generation system is prime candidate for the utilization of fossil based fuels to generate ultra clean power with a high efficiency. In the MCFC power plant system, a combustor performs a role to supply high temperature mixture gases for cathode and heat for reformer by using the stack off-gas of the anode which includes a high concentration of $H_2O$ and $CO_2$. Since a combustor needs to be operated in a very lean condition and to avoid excessive local heating, catalytic combustor is usually used. The catalytic combustion is accomplished by the catalytic chemical reaction between fuel and oxidizer at catalyst surface, different from conventional combustion. In this study, a mathematical model for the prediction of internal flow and catalytic combustion characteristics in the catalytic combustor adopted in the MCFC power plant system is suggested by using the numerical methods. The numerical simulation models are then implemented into the commercial CFD code. After verifying result by comparing with the experimental data and calibrated kinetic parameters of catalytic combustion reaction, a numerical simulation is performed to investigate the variation of flow and combustion characteristics by changing such various parameters as inlet configuration and inlet temperature. The result show that the catalytic combustion can be effectively improved for most of the case by using the perforated plate and subsequent stable catalytic combustion is expected.

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Optimization of KOGAS DME Process From Demonstration Long-Term Test (KOGAS DME 공정의 실증 시험을 통한 최적화 기술개발)

  • Chung, Jongtae;Cho, Wonjun;Baek, Youngsoon;Lee, Changha
    • Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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    • v.23 no.5
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    • pp.559-571
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    • 2012
  • Dimethyl ether (DME) is a new clean fuel as an environmentally-benign energy resource. DME can be manufactured from various energy sources including natural gas, coal, and biomass. In addition to its environmentally friendly properties, DME has similar characteristics to those of LPG. The aim of this article is to represent the development of new DME process with KOGAS's own technologies. KOGAS has investigated and developed new innovative DME synthesis process from synthesis gas in gaseous phase fixed bed reactor. DME has been traditionally produced by the dehydration of methanol which is produced from syngas, a product of natural gas reforming. This traditional process is thus called the two-step method of preparing DME. However, DME can also be manufactured directly from syngas (single-step). The single-step method needs only one reactor for the synthesis of DME, instead of two for the two-step process. It can also alleviate the thermodynamic limitations associated with the synthesis of methanol, by converting the produced methanol into DME, thereby potentially enhancing the overall conversion of syngas into DME. KOGAS had launched the 10 ton/day DME demonstration plant project in 2004 at Incheon KOGAS LNG terminal. In the mid of 2008, KOGAS had finished the construction of this plant and has successively finished the demonstration plant operation. And since 2008, we have established the basic design of commercial plant which can produce 3,000 ton/day DME.

Hydrogenation Properties on MgHx-Sc2O3 Composites by Mechanical Alloying (MgHx-Sc2O3 복합재료의 수소화 특성)

  • Kim, Kyeong-Il;Kim, Yong-Sung;Hong, Tae-Whan
    • Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.81-88
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    • 2010
  • Hydrogen energy applications have recognized clean materials and high energy carrier. Accordingly, Hydrogen energy applies for fuel cell by Mg and Mg-based materials. Mg and Mg-based materials are lightweight and low cost materials with high hydrogen storage capacity. However, commercial applications of the Mg hydride are currently hinder by its high absorption/desorption temperature, and very slow reaction kinetics. Therefore one of the most methods to improve kinetics focused on addition transition metal oxide. Addition to transition metal oxide in $MgH_x$ powder produce $MgH_x$-metal oxide composition by mechanical alloy and it analyze XRD, EDS, TG/DSC, SEM, and PCT. This report considers kinetics by transition metal oxide rate and Hydrogen pressure. In this research, we can see behavior of hydriding/dehydriding profiles by addition catalyst (transition metal oxide). Results of PCI make a excellent showing $MgH_x$-5wt.% Sc2O3 at 623K, $MgH_x$-10wt.% $Sc_2O_3$ at 573K.

Effect of Tungsten on PtRuW/C Catalysts for Promoting Methanol Electro-oxidation (메탄올 전기산화반응 증진을 위한 PtRuW/C 촉매에서 텅스텐의 효과에 관한 연구)

  • Noh, Chang Soo;Sohn, Jung Min;Park, Young-Kwon
    • Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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    • v.23 no.6
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    • pp.561-566
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    • 2012
  • PtRuW/C catalysts were prepared with the different molar ratios of Pt : Ru : W and their compositions were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). The uniform distribution of particles was observed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). An average crystalline size of 3.5~5.5 nm was calculated based on x-ray diffraction (XRD) data. The electrochemical properties such as electrochemically active surface areas, current densities, specific activities and poisoning rates, were analyzed via CO stripping, linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry. From the analysis, we observed that ternary alloy catalysts, except $PtRu_2W_2/C$, have higher current densities, specific activities and stabilities than those of commercial binary catalysts. Among all in-house catalysts, Pt5Ru4W/C showed the highest specific activity of $121.05mA{\cdot}m^{-2}$ and the lowest poisoning rate of $0.01%{\cdot}s^{-1}$.

Removal of Reactive Orange 16 by the Ag/TiO2 Composite Produced from Micro-emulsion Method (마이크로에멀젼 방법에 의해 제조된 Ag/TiO2의 Reactive Orange 16 제거에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, SiJin
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.20 no.11
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    • pp.5-10
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    • 2019
  • For the development of long-wavelength responding photocatalyst, Ag was applied to commercial $TiO_2$ to produce $Ag/TiO_2$ photocatalyst. Moreover, micro-emulsion method was used in order to increase the efficiency of the photocatalyst by enhancing the dispersion of Ag. Physical properties of the manufactured catalyst were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), field emission transmission electron microscopy (FE-TEM) and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). For the catalytic performance measurement, RO 16 (Reactive Orange 16) removal was performed with 25 ppm RO 16 under UV-A (365 nm) irradiation. In addition, ball milling and dip-coating method were used to synthesize the photocatalyst for the comparison of the outcomes of using different synthesis methods. In addition, catalytic performance was improved by varying the Ag content and surfactant content. The highest catalytic performance was shown at $Ag/TiO_2$ synthesized by micro-emulsion method with 2 wt% of Ag content, and 0.5 g of the surfactant.