• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2002

Lately, our world is faced with very serious problems related to the increased air pollution of the exhaust emissions from automobiles. In particular, the exhaust emissions of diesel engines are recognized as a main cause which strongly influence environment. Lots of researchers have attempted to develop various alternative fuels to reduce these harmful emissions in diesel engine. The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the possibility of esterfied rice bran oil for diesel fuel substitution in a naturally aspirated D. 1. diesel engine, and also find means to reduce smoke emissions in esterfied rice bran oil combustion. The smoke emission of esterfied rice bran oil is reduced remarkably in comparison with commercial gas oil, that is, it was reduced approximately 58.2% at 2500rpm. But, power, torque and brake specific energy consumption didn't have no large differences. It was concluded that esterfied rice bran oil can utilize effectively as an alternative and renew- able fuel fur diesel engine.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.347-352
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• 2000

Before investigating the performance of NA-Q additive oil, we have studied the properties of the commercial reference oil by using an engine dynamometer. Experimemts were conducted for 300 hours with 2,950rpm and 22kw and every 50 hours the used oil was sampled for analyzing its physical and chemical propreties. The reference oil shows stable but slightly increasing viscosities during the experiment. It has good agreements with the change of its TAN and TBN. Friction coefficients and anti-wear characteristics are compared with its ZDTP depletion factor and the diameters of wear scar. The concentrations of metal particles are analyzed with the results of ICP and spectrometer, However it is found that the concentrations by filtration method shows large difference with those by standard method in spectrometer.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.10-17
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• 2013

Heavy oil residue upgrading process was being used in conventional refinery process. Recently, as the importance of non conventional energy development is growing up, the commercial projects of heavy oil upgrading are getting more active than before. For having competitive business model in the resource competition, non conventional energy development should be considered as an important business strategy. In developing oil sands, extra heavy oil, and shale gas, canadian oil sands and extra heavy oil have great importance in substitution of conventional oil consumption. In oil sands development, the bitumen, which is extracted from oil sands, has great value after upgrading or refining process. Similar process is being used current conventional refinery process. The bitumen is highly viscous hydrocarbon. This bitumen includes impurities which can not be treated in conventional refinery process. As this reason, specified process is needed in bitumen or extra heavy oil upgrading process. Moreover, there will be additional specified facilities in the process of production, transportation and marketing. In oil sands, there are various kinds of commercial upgrading process. Extraction, dilution, coking and cracking method were being used commercially.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.8-12
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of dietary sardine oil on storage and processing characteristics in meat sample of chicken meat. Broilers were randomly assigned to one of four dietary treatments: 1) Control(commercial feed) 2) T1(commercial feed supplemented with 1% sardine oil) 3) T2(commercial feed with 2% sardine oil) and 4) T3(commercial feed with 4% sardine oil). They were fed one of the experimental diets for five weeks and slaughtered. After that, the meat samples were vacuum packaged and stored at 4$\pm$1$\^{C}$. The storage and processing characteristics were analyzed for meat samples stored over a period of 0, 1, 3, 7 and 10 days. The pH of all treatments significantly increased during the storage periods (p<0.05). The TBARS(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) af all treatments were significantly increased as storage period extended (p<0.05). After 1 days, the TBARS of treatment groups were significantly higher than that of the control (p<0.05). The T3 showed the highest TBARS among all treatments (p<0.05). The VBN(volatile basic nitrogen) of all treatments significantly increased during storage period (p<0.05). However, the VBN was not significantly different between control and treatment groups. The WHC(water holding capacity) and heating loss were significantly increased in both control and treatment groups during storage (p<0.05) and however, WHC was not significantly different among 3 treatment. The heating loss tended to increase in treatment groups compared to the control.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.2 no.2 s.6
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• pp.118-125
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• 2006

The target of this work was the process development of demonstration plant to produce the high quality alternative fuel oil by the pyrolysis of mixed plastic waste. In the first step of research, the bench-scale units of 70 t/y and the pilot plant of 360 t/y had been developed. Main research contents in this step were the process performance test of pilot plant of 360 ton/year and the development of demonstration plant of 3,000 t/y, which was constructed at Korea R & D Company in Kimjae City. The process performance of pilot plant of 360 t/y showed about 80% yield of liquid product, which was obtained by both light gas oil(LGO) and heavy gas oil(HGO), The boiling point range distribution of LO product that was mainly consisting of olefin components in PONA group appeared at between that of commercial gasoline and kerosene. On the other hand, HO product was mainly paraffin and olefin components and also appeared at upper temperature distribution range than commercial diesel. Gas product showed a high fraction of $C_3\;and\;C_4$ product like LPG composition, but also a high fraction of $CO_2$ and CO by probably a little leak of process.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.9
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• pp.1276-1286
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• 2003

The performance of porous bearing under different lubricants and lubricating conditions was experimentally investigated in this study. In order to carry out the experiments, a new test rig was designed to determine the tribological properties of based sintered bronze journal bearings that were manufactured by powder metallurgy (P/M) techniques. To determine the effects of lubricating conditions with and without oil supplement (OS) on the tribological characteristics of these bearings under static loading and periodic loadings, some experiments were carried out using different lubricants. In the tests, pure base oil (SAE 20W50), two fully formulated commercial engine oils (SAE20W50) and lubricating oils with commercial additive concentration ratio of 3％ were used. The worn surfaces of test bearings were examined using optical microscopy. Experimental results showed that the change in friction coefficient was more stable and in smaller magnitude under static loading than that of periodic loading. In addition, the friction coefficient and the wear rate conducted with base oil resulted in higher values than those of fully formulated oils with and without OS lubricating conditions. The experimental results obtained in this study indicated that the correct selection of lubricant and suitable running conditions were very important on the tribological characteristics of porous bearings.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.408-413
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• 1995

Investigations of the effects of pickle product ingredients on lipoxygenase (LOX) and methemoglobin (MHG, a nonenzymatic oxidant) catalyzing oxidation of linolenic acid were conducted. In addition, activities of LOX, peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) in dry spices used in pickle products were determined. Some commercial pickle brines were observed to inhibit oxidation of linolenic acid by LOX and MHG. The ingredients in pickle products, such as dill oil emulsion, onion concentrate, oil cassia, polysorbate 80 and turmeric acid, reduced LOX and MHG catalyzed oxidation. Lipoxygenase activity was present in garlic, mustard seed and red pepper. Only in mustard seed, peroxidase activity was observed. Catalase activity was observed in garlic, black pepper, allspice and red pepper.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.438-442
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• 2013

The alternative refrigerant R436B is applied, to assess the application feasibility for a commercial cooling water system. The characteristic stability was verified by Sealed glass tube test and Autoclave test. R436B is chemically stable with the compressor material. The Oil miscibility test shows the usual compressor oil mixed well with R436B. Through the life acceleration test, the cooling performance is maintained. Though slight changes in oil and capillary tube diameter were found, they were within the permitted range. R436B should be applied to commercial cooling water systems as a simple replacement for the usual refrigerant.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.9
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• pp.473-488
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• 2022

To have a better understanding of the impact of the PETRONAS oil and gas platform on commercial fisheries activities, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) examined two approaches which are data collection from satellite and data collection from fishermen and anglers. By profiling the anglers who utilize reefed oil and gas structures for fishing, it can determine if the design and location of the reef platforms will benefit or negatively impacts those anglers and fisherman. Furthermore, this assessment will be contributing to the knowledge regarding the value of offshore oil and gas platforms as fisheries resources. Collectively, the apparent fishing activity data included, combined with the findings in the reefing viability index will help to inform PETRONAS's future decommissioning decisions and may help determine if the design and proposed locations for future rigs-to-reefs candidates would benefit commercial fishing groups, further qualifying them as appropriate artificial reef candidates. The method applied in this study is approaching by using a data satellite known as Google's Global Fishing Watch technology, which is one of the applications to measure commercial fishing efforts around the globe. The apparent commercial fishing effort around the selected twelve PETRONAS platforms was analyzed from January 2012 to December 2018. Using the data collection from fishermen which is the total estimation of commercial fish value cost (in Malaysia ringgit, MYR [RM]) in Peninsular Malaysia Asset, Sabah Asset, and Sarawak Operation region. The data were extracted every month from 2016 to 2018 from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration database. Most of the selected platforms that show a high frequency of vessels around the year are platform KP-A, platform BG-A and platform PL-B. The estimated values of commercial fishes varied between platforms, with ranged from RM 10,209.92 to RM 89,023.78. Thus, platforms with high commercial fish value are selected for reefing in-situ and will serve multi-purposes and benefit the locals as well as the country. The current study has successfully assessed the potential reefing area of the Malaysian offshore environment with greater representativeness and this paper focused on its potential as a new fishing ground.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.514-517
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• 1999

Hydrolysis of EFB (empty fruit bunch) derived from oil palm was studied using crude enzyme from Aspergillus terreus IMI 282743 along with commercial enzymes from Trichoderma reesei and Aspergillus niger. Hydrolysis at $40^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$ with $\alpha$-cellulose or EFB gave significantly lower yield when commercial enzymes of T. reesei and A. niger were used and the hydrolysis time extended beyond 10 h. After 24 h of hydrolysis at $40^{\circ}C$ and $50^{\circ}C$, the filter paper activity (Fpase) from A. terreus retained as much activity as A. niger and it was significantly higher than T. reesei. Glucose concentration of 0.25% and 0.5% caused significant inhibition in the crude enzyme, but in regards to the commercial enzymes it only showed a slight effect. Crude enzymes from A. terreus could produce the highest reducing sugars when compared to commercial enzymes from T. reesei or A. niger. Nevertheless, low yield of sugar was observed for EFB for all treatments.