• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.91-106
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• 2001

Local government takes an active role in the (re)making of local socio-economic space. To support such an argument, the three different actions by the local government of Taegu, urban planning and local industrial districts, the establishment of special educational institutions, and textile festival are analyzed. The division of the city's space into residential, commercial, and industrial area by local government constrained the location of local manufacturing industries. It also forced textile industry to move to the outskirts of Taegu. As the education level in South Korea rose after the late 1970s, the local government of Taegu as well as local industrial capitalists had to do something to acquire a stable supply of labor to local manufacturing industries, particularly textile one. After the late 1970s, the special classes for the education of local workers, especially textile ones were established within vocational high school and company-operated high schools were also built in Taegu. Finally, local government started a program of textile festival in 1985. Through textile festival, local government as well as local textile business people tried to reproduce textile industry as the main economic activity of Taegu.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.185-192
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• 2004

Vegetation established through the natural process, such as Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora, Q. variabilis, Q. acutissima, Carpinus laxiflora, Q. aliena and Q. serrata communities and artificially introduced vegetation, which are composed of Larix leptolepis and P. rigida plantations, are established in the mountainous land of the Mt. Songnisan National Park. On the other hand, the developed lands, which are consisted of agricultural folds, residential areas, commercial areas related to tourism, etc. appear in the lowland around streams. Based on the spatial distribution of vegetation, the southern district, which is attributed to Naesongni-myun by administrative system, showed higher natural degree and vegetation diversity. However, most of the other districts, which are attributed to Cheongcheon- and Chilseong-myuns, are covered with the Korean red pine forest, a product of artificial influence, and plantation also occupied higher percentage. Thereby both vegetation diversity and natural degree are lowering. A result of ordination by DCA showed that sands tended to be arranged by depending on the topographic condition. Species diversity of plant communities was higher in broad-leaved stands rather than in coniferous ones and in stands of the early stage than in ones of the late stage. The result of analysis on vegetation dynamics implied that vegetation of this region would be dominated by Carpinus laxiflora, Quercus mongolica and Pinus densiflora communities in the future. However, considered occurrence the of disturbance and response of vegetation on that, this estimation may different somewhat from an actual situation. Conservation strategies of the Mt. Songnisan National Park were discussed in viewpoints of landscape ecology, and conservation of major plant communities and biodiversity.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.296-302
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to assess the play and leisure status of children in Korea. The subjects of the study were 564 children in elementary, middle, and high school classes in four districts of Seoul and one rural district in Gyeonggi Province. We surveyed and analyzed the objects, time, place and cost of both play and leisure and investigated the differences according to age, region and sex. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the children's play and leisure subjects were more likely to be friends than family members, and the proportion of fathers among the parents decreased with increasing age. Second, the children spent most of their play and leisure time on media related activities. Third, unlike in the past, the children's places of play and leisure were very diverse and included many adult or commercial places, such as cafes and karaoke studios. Fourth, there were no differences in the cost of play and leisure, depending on the age or sex of the children, but there were regional differences.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2011

On the view point of renewable energies as energy sources of district heating and cooling plant, the purpose of this study is to develop, classify and map the 500m${\times}$500m mesh, of which is treated as normal size in DHC regulations for evaluation process. Followings are the results. Various building and geographical informations including 13 districts and 108 counties are re-defined to create 500m${\times}$500m meshes, and it is find out that 3,289 meshes among 8,463 meshes have meaningful floor areas. Only 59 meshes(1.8%) are evaluated as mesh which has more than 50% of building volume ratio per mesh. 5 clusters classified by principal analysis and cluster analysis with building needs' characteristics are defined. Gwang-an Dong is representative of cluster 1 characterized as commercial area, and the cluster 4, 5 which has mainly residential needs are distributed in Yong-ho dong. Because there are a lot of cluster 3 meshes, which has complex needs area based on residential, cluster 3 could be defined as representative of Busan metropolitan city.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.17-22
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• 2008

This survey was conducted from 1992 to 2005 in the major apple producing districts in southern part of South Korea including $4{\sim}8$ cities, to know the occurrence and damage level of two major pests, Carposina sasakii and Grapholita molesta that attack apple fruit. The fruit damage by G. molesta during the harvest period ranged from 0.02 to 1.64%. A tendency of higher damage of G. molesta was observed after 1997 compared with the previous years. The other hand, the fruit damage by C. sasakii was 0.02 to 1.30%, and the damage level was very low with fruit damage of < 0.3% except 1998. The orchard infested with G. molesta was 13 to 71 %, while 12 to 57% with C. sasakii. The rates of orchards where fruit damage by G. molesta was found were higher than those by C. sasakii after 1997. The tendency of fruit damage rates in the orchard where the most fruit damage was found was same with the trend of orchard rates infested with the pests. The maximum damage rate by G. molesta was 20.0% in 2005, while 4.5% by C. sasakii in 1998. The damaged shoot rates by the first generation G. molesta was $0.1{\sim}8.1%$, and it had a positive correlation with the rates of fruit damage during the harvest period. Consequently, it is concluded that G. molesta is dominant species compared with C. sasakii in commercial apple orchards recently.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.83-101
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• 2005

Because of its strong potential for health hazards, the concentration levels of airborne lead (Pb) have been circumscribed by environmental laws in many countries. In this study, we made a comparative study on the environmental behavior of Pb for the acquisition of its distribution characteristics using data sets collected from major cities in Korea for a period of 6 years (1998 through 2003). According to this study, Pb concentration decreased slowly in most industrialized cities of Koreathroughout the whole study. period. In contrast, such temporal signals were not evident in data sets collected from residential, commercial, and grassland areas. Although seasonal patterns generally exhibited the occurrences of high Pb concentration during the spring, results appear to reflect the influence of Asian Dust (AD) in the springtime. The results of our study clearly indicate that Pb distribution is strongly influencedby source types in relation to their land use patterns. Comparison of our Pb data sets with that of other countries indicates that Pb concentration levels obtained from relatively cleaner districts of Korea are still significantly higher than other countries. The results of this analysis generally indicate that Pb concentrations in most areas are affected by the type and strength of man-made activities. Considering that most areas are affected by a variety of pollutants, continuous efforts are needed to control Pb concentrations in the atmosphere.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.192-199
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• 2016

This article examines the location strategies of coffee franchises in Gyeonggi province. Due to its large population, broad area, and diverse industrial structure, Gyeonggi province is an ideal dataset for empirical testing of the location strategies. We collect the addresses of five major coffee franchises stores, convert them into geographic coordinates using Google Maps Geocoding API, and compute Haversine distances both between stores of the same franchise and between stores of different franchises. This novel approach leads to three discoveries. First, coffee-consuming age population is positively related to the number of stores and more strongly for commercial areas with a large floating population. Second, one third of Starbucks stores have another Starbucks store within a radius of 300m, which empirically confirms the 'Focused Destroy Strategy' of Starbucks that has multiple stores in central business districts. Third, for 80% of Starbucks stores, we can find Ediya stores within 500m, which supports Ediya's 'Next-to-Starbucks Strategy'. Our research methods can be efficiently applied to the analyses of other retail businesses such as convenience stores, fast food restaurants, and mobile phone shops.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.39-49
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• 2022

Purpose: As part of these efforts, in-depth research is needed on efficient and practical utilization of underground spaces and underground shopping malls. In addition, efforts are being made to find effective alternatives to various problems currently occurring in underground shopping malls, but it is not easy. In addition, the development entity and the maintenance entity are different from each other, and the management is not unified, making it difficult to maintain underground shopping malls. From this point of view, it can be said that it is time to actively and specifically discuss ways to revitalize underground shopping malls. Data and methodology: In the domestic distribution environment, traditional markets and shops are stagnating due to rapid changes in consumption patterns, such as the spread of large companies with advanced distribution techniques such as hypermarkets, shopping malls, and SCM, the rapid increase in Internet and home shopping, and the importance of convenience for young consumers. In order to revitalize underground shopping malls, it is necessary to strengthen the organization and self-rescue efforts of merchants' associations, change consciousness through merchant education, change to specialized markets, find nuclear stores and representative restaurants, and support the hardware sector. Results: The connection of underground shopping malls in each region of the country, where commercial districts are separated from each other, will also play an important role in reviving the function of the city in the future. To do this, it is first necessary to connect underground shopping malls that have been cut off. In other words, connection between connectable underground shopping malls should be promoted. Of course, long-term projects should be promoted step by step, and many consultations should be made on how to connect with the ground for each local government. Conclusion: This is because in the future, the underground space cannot just be a walking place, but another space of the Korean Wave where you can experience satisfying the five senses. K-shopping Hallyu content can be created by creating a characteristic story for each underground shopping mall in the city, permanently this story-oriented event, and creating a safe and elegant environment. If there is a story, so-called "Senomi Shopping" will be possible. A new Korean Wave will be created that can satisfy "the fun of writing, the fun of seeing, and the fun of feeling" at the same time.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.19-27
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• 2022

Across the world, 'housing' comprises a significant portion of wealth and assets. For this reason, fluctuations in real estate prices are highly sensitive issues to individual households. In Korea, housing prices have steadily increased over the years, and thus many Koreans view the real estate market as an effective channel for their investments. However, if one purchases a real estate property for the purpose of investing, then there are several risks involved when prices begin to fluctuate. The purpose of this study is to design a real estate price 'return rate' prediction model to help mitigate the risks involved with real estate investments and promote reasonable real estate purchases. Various approaches are explored to develop a model capable of predicting real estate prices based on an understanding of the immovability of the real estate market. This study employs the LSTM method, which is based on artificial intelligence and deep learning, to predict real estate prices and validate the model. LSTM networks are based on recurrent neural networks (RNN) but add cell states (which act as a type of conveyer belt) to the hidden states. LSTM networks are able to obtain cell states and hidden states in a recursive manner. Data on the actual trading prices of apartments in autonomous districts between January 2006 and December 2019 are collected from the Actual Trading Price Disclosure System of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport (MOLIT). Additionally, basic data on apartments and commercial buildings are collected from the Public Data Portal and Seoul Metropolitan Government's data portal. The collected actual trading price data are scaled to monthly average trading amounts, and each data entry is pre-processed according to address to produce 168 data entries. An LSTM model for return rate prediction is prepared based on a time series dataset where the training period is set as April 2015~August 2017 (29 months), the validation period is set as September 2017~September 2018 (13 months), and the test period is set as December 2018~December 2019 (13 months). The results of the return rate prediction study are as follows. First, the model achieved a prediction similarity level of almost 76%. After collecting time series data and preparing the final prediction model, it was confirmed that 76% of models could be achieved. All in all, the results demonstrate the reliability of the LSTM-based model for return rate prediction.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.75-84
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• 2013

The management system and profitability were compared for the commercial orchards in the apple producing districts from April to October, 2011. The present study reasonably graded a large fruit as a fruit of heavier than 300g for 'Fuji' and 330g for 'Hongro' apples. As comparing cropping density and yield efficiency, 'Fuji' apples showed 3.28 fruits per TCA of crop density and 0.96 kg per TCA of yield efficiency and 'Hongro' demonstrated 4.04 fruits and 1.01 kg. With the application of the results above, the orchard management systems was classified into 3 classes as the orchard for large-size fruits, medium-size fruits, and combined size fruits. The increase of cropping density made the increase of fruit yield with medium-size fruits in unit area but brought about the decrease of large size fruits. The difference in fruit size failed to make significant differences in fruit characteristics. The orchard management system for producing medium size fruits performed decrease in input cost and improved the profitability in orchard management.