• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.631-639
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• 2015

Extraction/separation of cobalt by solvent extraction is reviewed. Separation of cobalt using various reagents and also cobalt recovery from scrap using commercial extractant were analyzed. The separation ability for cobalt followed the order of phosphinic > phosphonic > phosphoric acid due to the increasing stabilization of tetrahedral coordination of cobalt complexes with the extractant in the organic phase. Depending upon the solution composition, commercial extractants like Cyanex 272, D2EPHA and PC 88A should primarily be used for commercial extraction processes and also the efficient management of their combination could address various separation issues associated with cobalt bearing scrap.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.27 no.10
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• pp.1436-1442
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• 2014

Preservation of forage crops as silage offers opportunity to avoid the high risk of rain-damaged hay in the humid south-central USA. Recent developments with baled silage or baleage make silage a less expensive option than typical chopped silage. Silage has been important in the region primarily for dairy production, but baleage has become an option for the more extensive beef cattle industry in the region. Silage samples submitted to the Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Forage Quality Lab from 2006 through 2013 were assessed for dry matter (DM) and forage nutritive characteristics of chopped silage and baleage of the different forage types from commercial farms primarily in Louisiana and Mississippi. Of the 1,308 silage samples submitted, 1,065 were annual ryegrass (AR) with small grains (SG), the warm-season annual (WA) grasses, sorghums and pearl millet, and the warm-season perennial (WP) grasses, bermudagrass and bahiagrass, providing the remaining samples. Concentration of DM was used to indicate an effective ensiling opportunity, and AR silage was more frequently within the target DM range than was the WA forage group. The AR samples also indicated a high-quality forage with average crude protein (CP) of 130 g/kg and total digestible nutrient (TDN) near 600 g/kg. The cooler winter weather at harvest apparently complicated harvest of SG silage with chopped SG silage lower in both CP and TDN (104 and 553 g/kg, respectively) than either AR silage or baleage of SG (137 and 624 g/kg for CP and TDN, respectively). The hot, humid summer weather along with large stems and large forage quantities of the WA grasses and the inherently higher fiber concentration of WP grasses at harvest stage indicate that preservation of these forage types as silage will be challenging, although successful commercial silage samples of each forage type and preservation approach were included among samples of silages produced in the region.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.350-354
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• 2008

In order to investigate the prevalence of sexually transmitted viruses such as human papillomavirus (HPV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) in Korean commercial sex workers (CSWs), we selected 188 CSWs (age range 20-44 years, median age 24 years) who regularly visited one public health center in Seoul, Korea. HPV genotypes were analyzed by using a HPV DNA Chip, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect type-specific IgG against HSV2 antibody identifying seropositivity for HSV2 infection. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed with specific primers to detect HPV and HSV1/2 in cervical swabs from the CSWs. The prevalence of HPV infection was 83.5% in 188 cervical swab specimens and the main high-risk HPV genotypes were HPV16, 18, 56, and 58. The principal low-risk HPV genotypes were HPV6 and 11. The prevalence of HSV1/2 DNA was 13.8% and HSV2 seroprevalence was 86.2%. These results suggest that high frequencies of HPV and HSV2 infection might contribute to the rapid spread of STD viruses in CSWs in Korea. Additionally, an understanding of why high-risk HPV genotypes are so prevalent could provide guidelines for prophylactic vaccine development in Korea.

• Mycobiology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.291-295
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• 2014

Mycoflora was assessed in the commercial meju from four well-separated geographic origins. A total of 112 fungal isolates were identified by phenotypic characteristics and molecular taxonomy using sequencing the internal transcribed spacer of the rDNA and revealed 19 species from 13 genera. Enzymatic characteristics of protease and amylase, and mycotoxin production were analyzed.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.171-176
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• 1999

Intelligent schemes for an automatic generation of DEM (digital elevation model) are implemented. The need for these post-processing schemes is that interpolation alone produces severe blunders, however sophisticated it is. These blunders occur most seriously along the boundaries of a scene, over rivers, and along the coast. Even a state-of-the-art commercial software retains such blunders. The intelligent schemes implemented are (1) center-of-gravity and empty-center-index which quantify how evenly distributed interpolants are within in interpolation radius. (2) a segmentation scheme to discern whether or not an empty segment in stereo-match results should be interpolated, and (3) a segmentation scheme for removing noise-like features, with these methods, in the final DEM, identical coastline and river region to those in the original SPOT scenes are achieved. The DEM exhibits substantial improvements over the products of an existing commercial software.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.178-184
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• 2007

A poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/organosilicate nanocomposite, with enhanced mechanical properties, has been prepared using the melt intercalation method. For this purpose, a new organic modifier has been synthesized for the preparation of organosilicate, which is thermally stable and compatible with PET. The use of the new organosilicate yielded almost exfoliated PET nanocomposite; whereas, the PET nanocomposites prepared by use of commercial organoclays (Cloisite 15A and 30B) show only an intercalated morphology. Particularly, the use of the new organosilicate showed an enhanced tensile modulus, and without sacrifice of the tensile strength and elongation on breaking, while the use of commercial organoclays only exhibit a trade-off between those mechanical properties.

• Particle and aerosol research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2011

In this study, the formation of nanoparticles by a reaction of ozone with the volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emitted from a commercial home cleaner liquid was investigated using a $1-m^3$ reaction chamber($1{\times}1{\times}1m$). The home cleaner liquid was found to contain many VOCs, particularly terpenes. Some of these VOCs are known to readily react with ozone, forming indoor secondary pollutants. The correlation of particle concentration and reacted ozone concentration was examined with injections of three different ozone concentrations; 50, 100 and 200 ppb. The secondary nanoparticles were formed faster, with their numbers and mass concentrations becoming higher on increasing the concentration of ozone injected.

• Proceedings of the Korean Magnestics Society Conference
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• 2000.09a
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• pp.61-81
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• 2000

Developed two GMR memory architectures, 1R/0T for high density applications, 2R/5T for high speed applications, Embedded GMR technology shall offer rad hard community, Dynamic Reprogrammability, Rapid System Reconfigurability, Code modification in flight, Embedded GMR technology is promising for commercial applications

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

Gentrification is appearing in various areas. Especially commercial gentrification, the value of property is rising and it means the change of commercial sphere in revitalizing the underdeveloped commercial. In this study, Identify the process of increasing the franchise rate, which is changing gradually in commercial areas. We analyze prior studies on gentrification and franchise. Identify changing of land use distribution in Samcheong-dong area and analyze franchise change process. As a result of analyzing the changing of land use in Samcheong-dong area, the number of houses and other uses has continued to decrease. In the case of franchises, it increased sharply and in the case of general commercial, it steadily decreased. Looking at analyzing the franchise change process in Samcheong-dong area, In the franchise change process, there is very little change in land use from residential and other uses to general commercial. Representative spaces that show the process of franchise change are around the three-way streets, around the community service center and around the police station.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.153-159
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• 2018

This paper suggests a way to improve the strength of the driveshaft, which is a vulnerable part of the drive axle system, for a 3.5-ton commercial vehicle. The driveshaft is composed of a universal joint with a spider and yoke, yoke shaft, etc. The driveshaft is developed by choosing design parameters for the spider and yoke such as the diameter and distance through the structural analysis of the driveshaft's components. Some driveshaft design cases have been made and analyzed with ANSYS; the strength of the driveshaft parts are validated from these results to propose an optimal design case. Finally, we suggest a driveshaft system that satisfies the working conditions for a 3.5-ton commercial vehicle.