• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2002

Physiological Cost Index (PCI) of walking has been widely used to predict oxygen consumption in healthy subjects or patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the predictability of physiological cost index of walking for the amount of exercise and cardiac function. Walking exercise was conducted in 67 healthy children (age 4-12) with a self-selected comfortable walking speed on the level surface. Walking speed was calculated, and heart rate was measured before and immediately after the walking. PCI was calculated for statistical analysis. The results were as follows; 1) The walking speed tends to increase and PCI of walking tends to decrease with age. There was significant difference in walking speed and PCI of walking among three age groups (p<.05). The change of walking heart rate tends to decrease with age, however, there was no significant difference among three age groups. 2) Linear regression equation between walking speed and age was 'Y (walking speed) = 2.124X (age) + 48.286' ($R^2$=.337), (p=.00). 3) The walking heart rate tends to decrease with age. Linear regression equation between walking heart rate and age was 'Y (walking heart rate) = 143.346 - 2.63X (age)' ($R^2$=.3425), (p=.00). 4) The walking heart rate decreased as body surface area (BSA) increased. Linear regression equation between walking heart rate and BSA was 'Y (walking heart rate) = 149.830 - 27.115X (BSA)' ($R^2$=.3066), (p=.00). In conclusion, these equations and PCI could be useful to quantify the variation of energy expenditure of children with pathological gait when compared with age-matched healthy children.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze weight bearing of cane and affected foot at different speeds during walking. Methods : Thirteen subjects (6 males, 7 females) with stroke enrolled in the study. A foot sensor and an instrumented cane were integrated to analyze the vertical peak force on the affected foot and the cane. Results : The applied vertical peak force on the cane were $12.02{\pm}4.80%$ (slow speed), $7.97{\pm}3.95%$ (comfortable speed), and $6.86{\pm}3.30%$ (fast speed) body weight, respectively. The results indicated significantly lower vertical peak force on the affected foot in the low speed walking condition when compared to the fast walking (p<.05) and the comfortable walking (p<.05) conditions. The correlations between TUG and vertical peak force on the cane and affected foot were .71, and -.70 (p<.01). There was a higher correlation between the vertical peak force on the cane and affected foot were -.87(p<.01). Conclusion : In conclusion, slower walking speed applied greater vertical peak force on the cane. On the contray, slower walking speed applied less vertical peak force on the affected foot. Further studies, duration of force should be measured at different speeds during walking in lower and higher functioning hemiparetic subjects, as its use may mask underlying gait impairment.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.252-259
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• 2013

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of progressive body weight decrease combined with increasing level of overground walking speed training for patients with chronic stroke. Methods: Eighteen subjects with chronic stroke were composed of the control group (5% body weight support combined with increasing speed training) and the experimental group (progressive body weight decrease with increasing speed training); three sets, three times per week over a period of four weeks. Results: Significant differences in terms of comfortable gait speed (CGS) and the rate of change of CGS were observed between the control and experimental groups (p<0.05). However, no significant difference in the dynamic gait index was observed between the control and experimental groups (p>0.05). A significant difference in the 6 minute walking test (6MWT) was observed for the experimental group, and a significant difference in the rate of change for the 6MWT was observed between the control and experimental groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: The progressive body weight decrease combined with increasing in level of overground walking speed training may be a better and more effective method for community walking and reintegration.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2006

현재의 보행신호는 보행자 녹색신호가 일정시간을 경과하면 녹색점멸 신호로 바뀌게 되는데, 횡단보도를 지나는 보행자가 녹색점멸 신호의 잔여시간을 알 수 없어서 보행시 불안감을 느끼고 있으며, 이를 해소하기 위해 지난 2000년부터 보행신호 잔여시간 표시장치로 '역삼각형' 표시장치를 채택하여 설치 운영해 왔다. 이 보행신호 잔여시간을 도형이 아닌 '숫자'로 표시하는 방식이 새롭게 제안되어 시험운영 중인데, 본 연구는 두 가지의 잔여시간 표시장치에 대해 보행자의 보행속도를 비교한 것이다. 보행신호 잔여시간 표시장치에 따른 보행속도의 비교분석 결과 (1) 미설치시, 계수형 및 역삼각형 잔여시간 표시장치 설치시 평균보행속도는 각각 1.44, 1.39, 1.42m/sec로 분석되었으며 (2)미설치시, 계수형 및 역삼각형 잔여시간 표시장치 설치 시 보행자 보행속도 분포 차이 검정을 위해 Duncan's Multiple Range Test 결과 각각 유의수준 1.00으로 보행자 보행속도분포는 차이가 있는 것으로 검증되었다. (3)미설치시 보행속도분포는 Erlang(0.117, 10)분포, 계수형 및 역삼각형 잔여시간 표시장치 설치시 보행자 보행속도분포는 각각 Weibull(1.17, 3.72)분포, Gamma(0.137, 8.18)분포를 따르는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.25-31
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• 2015

PURPOSE: Previous studies have shown that healthy young adults reduced gait velocity during texting or talking while walking. It was reported that increasing number of pedestrian accidents were related to distract the environmental attention. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of texting and texting while listening to music on gait parameters. METHODS: Texting and listening to music while walking were assessed in two dual-task condition using 35 healthy young adults. The outcome measurements were assessed in terms of spatiotemporal gait parameters in three walking conditions, namely, comfortable walking speed, walking while texting, and walking while texting and listening to music. To avoid learning effect, subjects were individually blinded to assessment schedule and space. The changes between the three walking conditions were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS: When comparing the two dual-task conditions with the single-task condition, it was found that dual-task interference was increased in almost gait velocity, cadence, stride length, step time, double limb support, and single limb support. In addition, walking while texting and listening to music condition negatively was affected gait speed, stride length, and step time more than the texting only condition. CONCLUSION: Walking while texting and listening to music as well as waling while texting may decrease pedestrian safety when crossing streets by diverting the person's attention away from the street environment.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2023

Purpose: Hallux valgus (HV) is one of the most common chronic foot disorders, occurring when the first toe deviates laterally toward the other toe. HV impairs muscle strength and affects gait function (postural sway and gait speed). Thus, this study aims to investigate using the FDM system the effect of wearing braces on gait while wearing a virtual reality (VR) device. Methods: This study was conducted on 28 healthy adults with HV of 15 degrees or more. To compare differences in walking, depending on whether a toe brace can be worn, the subject walked without wearing anything, walked after wearing the VR device, and walked after wearing the VR device and the toe brace, and the FDM system was used for the gait ability measurement analysis. Results: As a result of a one-way repeated analysis of variance, the walking speed-related variables (cadence, velocity, etc.) in the HV group were higher during comfortable walking. In addition, walking while wearing a VR device and walking while wearing a VR device and a toe brace demonstrated more significant values in terms of six gait parameters (double stance phase, loading response, stage, stage, stage, and stage). The maximum pressure of the forefoot was significantly reduced when walking while wearing a VR device and a toe brace compared to comfortable walking, but in all variables, there was no statistically significant difference between walking while wearing a VR device and walking while wearing a VR device and a toe brace. Conclusion: Orthosis with a VR device during gait (OVG) and gait with a VR device (GVR) affect gait in HV patients. However, there was no significant difference between GVR and OVG. Thus, it is necessary to conduct experiments on various HV angles and increase the duration of wearing the toe brace.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.439-448
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• 2016

2014년 기준 65세 이상 노인은 전체인구의 12.7%로서 우리나라는 조만간에 고령사회로 진입하게 되고 노인 등 교통약자들도 다양한 사회경제적 활동으로 일반인과 동등하게 안전하고 편리하게 이동할 수 있도록 이동권이 보장되어야 한다. 교통약자의 가장 기본적인 수단인 보행은 일반인과 다른 보행특성을 보임에도 불구하고 기존 보행 관련 시설 및 운영은 이에 대한 고려가 부족한 현실이다. 본 연구는 융복합 시대를 맞이하여 교통약자(노인)의 보행 관련 교통사고 특성을 살펴보고 여수시를 사례로 횡단보도에서 노인의 보행실태와 보행횡단 요소를 분석하고자 한다. 2014년 기준 교통사고 자료에 의하면, 노인 교통사고는 전체 교통사고의 9.9%로 발생하고 있으나 노인사망자수는 전체의 40.3%를 차지하고 있고 노인 사망자수의 47.4%가 차대보행자 사고로 기인한다. 또한 전체 보행자 중 노인 보행자 발생은 18.7%이나 노인 보행자 사망자 비율은 49.3%에 해당하는 매우 높은 비중을 차지하고 노인보행자 치사율이 3.03명으로 전체보행자 치사율보다 3배정도 높게 나타난다. 교통약자(노인) 횡단 보행요소인 반응시간과 보행속도를 조사한 결과, 노인 신체능력 하위 15%-tile에 해당하는 반응시간은 4.56초와 보행속도는 초당 0.76m가 적절한 것으로 분석되었고 조사지점의 횡단보행 신호운영을 평가한 결과 보행안전성이 떨어지는 것으로 판단되어 개선된 보행신호 운영이 요구되었다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.444-451
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 노인과 정상 성인의 보행경로 너비에 따른 보행 시, 시 공간적 보행 변수의 변화를 알아보기 위함이다. 연구의 대상자는 낙상의 경험이 없는 건강한 노인 20명과 20대 성인 18명으로 하였으며, 3가지 다른 너비의 보행경로(평상시 보행(usual walking), 좁은 너비 보행(narrow base walking), 한줄 보행(centerline-guided walking)에서 보행을 실시하였다. 평상시 보행은 보행경로에 제한을 두지 않았고, 좁은 너비 보행은 각 대상자의 양측 ASIS 사이의 거리를 1/2로 나눈 너비를 보행경로로 설정하였으며, 한줄 보행은 보행경로 중앙에 한 줄을 표시하여 보행을 실시하였다. 보행을 실시하는 동안, GAITRite system을 이용하여 시 공간적 보행 변수의 변화를 비교 분석하였다. 보행경로 너비에 따른 시 공간적 보행 변수 비교에서 20대 성인은 모든 변수에서 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았으나, 노인의 경우 보행속도, 분속수, 양 뒤꿈치 사이 기저면, 기능적 보행지수가 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다(p<.05). 본 연구의 결과를 통해 노인은 20대 성인에 비해 보행경로의 너비가 좁아질수록 낙상에 대한 두려움으로 인해 보행변수에 영향을 미친다는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이를 통해 노인의 낙상 예방 훈련을 위한 적절한 보행너비에 대한 이론적 근거를 제시할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.543-549
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• 2010

Purpose : The study was designed to investigate the changes of plantar foot pressure by different loads during walking in flatfoot. Methods : Fifteen subjects with flatfoot were recruited along with their written informed consent. They were asked to walk on plate at a self-selected and comfortable speed with loads of 0, 5, 10, and 15kg. Three walking trials were obtained and then averaged for data analysis. Foot pressure were measured from RS-Scan system (RS-Scan system, RS scan Ltd., German) and contact area, maximum force were analyzed. Results : There were significant increases on midfoot and decreases on forefoot in contact area. And there were significant increases in maximum force of foot pressure of 2nd metatarsal bone and midfoot. Conclusion : These findings revealed that flatfoot increases risk factors of metatarsal bone with different loads. Therefore, patients of flatfoot must be careful during walking with loads or activities of daily living.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제65권2호
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• pp.349-353
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate possible age differences in the attenuation of acceleration in the upper body (from pelvis through shoulder to head) during fast walking. Thirty young and 29 elderly subjects participated in this study. Wireless acceleration sensors were attached on head, shoulder, and pelvis. Subjects performed two trials of fast walking on a treadmill, where the fast speed was defined as 1.5 times of the comfortable speed. Root-mean-squared (RMS) accelerations of each axis were compared with age group and sensor position as independent factors. In the AP direction, the pelvis acceleration was greater in the young and the shoulder-to-head attenuation was also greater in the young (p<0.001), so that the head acceleration was comparable between age groups (p=0.581). In the ML direction, the pelvis acceleration was greater in the young and also the pelvis-to-shoulder attenuation was greater in the young (p<0.001), so that the head acceleration was greater in the elderly group (p<0.001). Insufficient attenuation ML acceleration in the elderly resulting in the greater acceleration in the head may deteriorate the balance control which utilize feedback signals from the sensory organs in head, e.g., vestibular and visual systems.