• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.49-77
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• 2007

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to investigate the mechanism and effect of moxa bucket moxibustion. Objectively, to be used as the quantitative data through the measurement of temperature, and to grasp the thermodynamic characteristics of moxa bucket moxibustion. Methods: We have selected of the moxa bucket moxibustion. We make a comparative study of the thermodynamic characteristics of moxa bucket moxibustion. We examined combustion times, temperatures, temperature gradients in each period during a combustion of moxa bucket moxibustion made by oak wood. Results: 1. We can design the moxa bucket moxibustion that it has 57.6$^{\circ}C$ maximum temperature with 7g weight and 10mm height, if we use more weight of moxa or lower the height of moxa, we can observe relatively elavated maximum temperature. We observe the maximum temperature following the measuring position of moxa bucket and we can see higher temperature at the center of the moxa bucket and lower temperature at the side of the moxa bucket. 2. We can design the moxa bucket moxibustion with 5g moxa and 10mm height that it has 0.121 $^{\circ}C$/sec of maximum temperature gradient, and it has relatively high temperature gradient at lower weight and height condition. 3. We can design the moxa bucket moxibustion with 7g moxa and 15mm height that it has 4,135sec of the longest effective temperature combustion time, if we use more weight of moxa or higher height of moxa, we can observe relatively extended effective temperature combustion time. We observe the longest effective combustion time following the measuring position of moxa bucket. We can see higher temperature at the center of the moxa bucket and lower temperature at the side of the moxa bucket.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.456-461
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• 2012

To verify the utilization of biomass as energy, the combustion characteristic has been studied by an experimental combustion furnace under an isothermal and non-isothermal combustion. The wood pellet, rice straw and rice husk were used as biomass samples in this work. The characteristics of emission gases, dusts and residues from biomass combustion have been analyzed and compared with those of reuse derived fuel (RDF). From isothermal combustion experiments, it was found that the incomplete combustion of rice straw was greater that that of rice husk, wood pellet and RDF. This is due to the fact that the combustion reaction rate of the rice straw was faster than that of other samples, and the oxygen concentration in rice straw combustion was rapidly decreasing. It was also found that $NO_{X}$ concentration of emission gas from wood pellet combustion was the lowest. From non-isothermal combustion experiments, it was found that all samples were burned before $900^{\circ}C$. Also, the temperature range of $NO_{X}$ emission was similar to that of CO emission, on the other hand, $SO_{2}$ was emitted at a higher temperature than that of CO emission.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.86-92
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• 2010

One of the limitation of wood as building materials is its flammability. The purpose of this paper is to examine the combustion properties of the Pinus rigida and Castanea savita which are grown in Korea and meet the desirable characteristics for use of construction materials. The cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1) was used to determine the heat release rate (HRR) and fire smoke index, as well as CO and $CO_2$ production and smoke obscuration. The $HRR_{mean}$ of the Castanea savita and Pinus rigida at $50\;kW/m^2$ of radiant heat flux was $70.4\;kW/m^2$ and $68.5\;kW/m^2$. Furthermore, the THR of Castanea sativata was 120.8 MJ/kg and it was higher than the THR of Pinus rigida ($81.9\;MJ/m^$). These results are depend on the bulk density of tested wood species. The Castanea savita has high $CO_{mean}$ yield and high CO/$CO_2$ yield compared with that of Pinus rigida.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.194-198
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• 2007

Veneer plate was painted by the treatment with ammonium salts such as ammonium chloride (AMCR), ammonium sulfate (AMSF), monoammonium phosphate (MAPP), and diammonium phosphate (DAPP) at room temperature. The physical property and flammability of painted veneer plate were investigated. In order to evaluate flammability of the treated veneer with ammonium salts, heat release rate (HRR) of the veneer was measured by a cone calorimeter according to ISO 5660-1 standard. The flammability painted veneener plate with ammonium salts was reduced compared to virgin veneer plate. The flashover possibility of veneer plates treated with these ammonium salts was examined by R. V. Petrella's classification using time to ignition and peak heat release rate. The specific gravities of veneer plates treated with only ammonium sulfate were higher than that of virgin veneer plate. Also, the veneer plates treated with ammonium salts showed lower equilibrium moisture contents over virgin veneer.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.21-26
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• 2013

This study was performed to test the combustive properties of Pinus rigida plates treated with bis-(dimethylaminomethyl) phosphinic acid (DMDAP), bis-(diethylaminomethyl) phosphinic acid (DEDAP), and bis-(dibuthylaminomethyl) phosphinic acid (DBDAP). Pinus rigida specimens were painted in three times with 15 wt% bis-(dialkylaminoalkyl) phosphinic acid solutions at the room temperature. After drying specimen treated with chemicals, combustive properties were examined by the cone calorimeter (ISO 5660-1). It is supposed that the combustion-retardation properties were improved by the partial due to the treated bis-(dialkylaminoalkyl) phosphinic acids in the virgin Pinus rigida. Especially, the specimens treated with chemicals showed both the lower total smoke release rate (TSRR) ($16.94{\sim}18.92m^2/m^2$) and lower $CO_{2mean}$ production (1.98~2.09 kg/kg) than those of virgin plate. However the specimens treated with chemicals showed both the higher peak mass loss rate (PMLR) (0.1250~0.1297 g/s) and higher 1st-smoke production rate (SPR) (0.0153~0.0167 g/s) than those of virgin plate. Compared with virgin Pinus rigida plate, the specimens treated with the bis-dialkylamimoalkyl phosphinic acids showed partially low combustive properties.