• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제13권10호
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• pp.865-870
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• 2000

In this paper, catalytic combustible gas sensor was fabricated and tested under flammable gases such as CH$_4$and $C_4$H$_{10}$by using Pt coil as a heater and/or temperature sensing element. Fine $Al_2$O$_3$powder was used for a bead and Pt, Pd noble metal powder for a catalyst. Resistance variation of Pt wire was traced by the changes of the gas concentrations in a chamber. Output voltage was then monitored to obtain the gas concentration from the resistance variation. In this experiment, MgO was used to protect cracks in the based and TiO$_2$to increase the sensitivity of the sensors. Water glass was also added to enhance the selectivity to the combustible gases.s.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2019년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.98-99
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• 2019

In Korea, buildings are becoming skyscrapers due to restrictions on land. The performance-oriented design was introduced in 2009 for fire safety of such buildings, but the application of the combustible data through engineering design and experiment is a poor reality. Large buildings are used for complex purposes, especially since the density of the office facilities is high, the study conducted a study on the combustible materials of the office facilities and the thermal speed and fire load of the main combustibles of the office facilities were calculated.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제11권2호통권35호
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• pp.10-14
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• 2007

인화점은 가연성 액체의 화재 위험성을 평가하기 위해 사용되는 중요한 특성치 중의 하나이다. 가연성 액체의 상대적인 화재 위험성을 나타낼 수 있는 특성치로서는 열방출속도(HRR), 최대열방출속도(PHRR), 발화지연시간(TTI),질량 감소율, CO및 $CO_2$발생량 등이 있다. 본 연구에서는 가연성 액체의 가연성 액체의 인화점과 화재 특성치와의 관계에 대해서 검토하였다. 이를 위하여 질량 감소율과 TTI를 측정하여 화재 특성치를 계산하였다. 그 결과, 가연성 액체의 인화점과 TTI와 관련된 화재 특성치가 상관성이 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과로부터 가연성 액체 화재의 상대적인 위험성을 평가할 수 있는 파라미터로 사용할 수 있었다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.600-606
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• 2018

금속화재는 나트륨(Na), 리튬(Li) 등과 같은 가연성 금속이 연소하는 화재이다. 일반적인 물계, 가스계 소화약제에는 적응성이 없으며 금속화재용 소화약제 또는 건조사로 화재를 진화할 수 있다. 위험물안전관리법상 가연성 금속에 속하는 2류 및 3류 위험물 화재가 최근 5년간 104건이 발생했으며, 가연성 금속을 사용하는 연료전지, 반도체 산업의 발전으로 화재 건수는 더욱 증가할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 하지만 국내에는 금속화재와 관련된 법적 기준이 마련되어 있지 않아 금속화재용 소화약제 및 소화기 개발은 물론 화재 예방 및 대응 시스템 구축이 이루어지지 않고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 금속화재의 위험성을 감소시킬 수 있는 방안을 마련하기 위해 국내외 관련 법령 분석 및 금속화재 사례 11건을 분석하였다. 이를 통해 금속화재의 위험성을 감소를 위해 관련 법령 마련에 필요한 요소를 도출하였으며 금속화재 발생 시 소화약제로 사용되고 있는 건조사의 관리 및 지원방안을 제시하였다. 또한, 금속화재의 예방 및 대응에 필요한 안전교육 및 시설 관리 방안을 제시하였다.

• 에너지공학
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.270-282
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• 2013

기후변화 및 화석연료 고갈에 대한 국가적 대응 차원으로 가연성 폐기물 에너지화가 진행되고 있다. 가연성 폐기물 에너지화란 비닐, 종이와 같은 폐기물을 전용보일러나 발전소에서 전기나 열을 생산하는 데 연료로 사용 할 수 있도록 고형연료로 제조하여 에너지로 전환하는 것이다. 본 논문은 조건부 가치측정법(CVM, Contingent Valuation Method)을 적용하여 폐기물에너지가 전체 에너지 소비에서 차지하는 비중을 현재의 1.89%에서 2020년까지 5%로 확대하는 정책의 시행으로부터 발생하는 외부적 편익을 추정하고자 한다. 이를 위해 지불의사액(WTP, willingness to pay)을 도출하고자 서울시 500가구를 대상으로 면대면 설문조사를 실시하여 CVM을 적용하였다. 지불의사 유도방법으로 1.5경계 양분선택모형과 영(0)의 WTP를 처리하기 위한 스파이크 모형을 결합한 분석모형을 적용한 결과 폐기물 에너지화에 대한 매월 가구당 평균 WTP는 2,724원으로 유의수준 5%에서 통계적으로 유의하게 추정되었다. 이를 서울시 전체로 확장하면 연간 137억원에 달한다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.480-487
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• 2013

Bioenergy is classified to one of the renewable energy resources such as solar, wind, hydro and tidal energies. It should be noted that all the renewable energies contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gases emission. In some cases, energy from wastes was also categorized as a renewable energy in our country even though it has only negligible effect on the emission reduction. In this paper, we tried to identify the bioenergy in order to follow the global indices of the renewable energy. The indices evaluated here were whether a resource is renewable, biogenic, biodegradable, combustible and organic. Biogenic and combustible were selected as the indices to identify the bioenergy. It was also suggested that combustible as an index can be exchangeable to organic.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2002

This study was carried out to evaluate the Physicochemical characteristics of mined waste(separated waste and soil) and to predict environmental effect of an old landfill site located at north of Seoul. Municipal solid waster(MSW) had been disposed of at the old landfill site used in this study for about 2 years(1990-1992). The old landfill site selected for this study had accepted mainly municipal solid waste. The landfill-mined waste contained separated waste (40.9%) and soil(59.1%) by wet weight basis. The separated waste consisted of combustible(91.0%) and non-combustible(9.0%). The combustible waste was mainly non-biodegradable plastics. The low heating value of the separated combustible waste, which is calculated by Dulong's equation, was as high as 3,470kcal/kg. According to the Korean Extraction Procedure, separated waste and soil were proved to be not hazardous. The total content of heavy metal in the separated waste and soil met standard of California State, USA. Therefore the separated waste may be relandfilled at a sanitary landfill site and/or burned up at an incinerator, and the separated old soil may be used ad landfill cover-soil at a sanitary landfill site. Water quality of two streams was grade IV, of which water could be used as industrial and agricultural water. The streams near the landfill site might not be contaminated by leachate from the old landfill site. It was estimated that organic matter in the old landfill site would not be actively biodegraded within a short period of time.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.299-308
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• 2000

This study analyzed solid wastes generated from a school. The emission potential of hazardous pollutants generated from incineration of the school solid wastes (SSWs) was analyzed. Components of the SSWs were identified and the SSWs were classified into combustible and non-combustible wasts. The combustible wastes consisted of papers of 56.5^ plastics of 30.2% woods of 7.1% and fibers of 6.1% based on weight of the wastes. The moisture content and the ash content of the combustible wastes were 18~20% and 11~13% respectively. The combustible wastes of the SSWs were incinerated by using a small-scale incinerator. Fly and bottom ashes and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were collected from the incineration. Also the metal leaching experiments on the fly and bottom ashes were performed, In analysis of metals leached from the ashes the total amounts of metals leached in the acid solution (pH=3) were much greater than those in the neutral solution (pH=5.8~6.2) For the same amounts of the fly and bottom ashes the total amounts of metals leached from the fly ashes were much greater than those from the bottom ashes. The VOCs produced from incineration of the SSWs consisted of aromatics of 42.1% aliphatic alkenes of 26.3% oxidized forms of 17.3% and aliphatic alkanes of 14.3% In addition the considerable amounts of hazardous air pollutants (e.g benzene chloro-benzene and chloro-alkanes) and compounds (e. g, aliphatic alkenes) with high potential of ozone or photochemical smog formation were identified from the incineration experiment of the SSWs.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.333-340
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• 1995

This study aims to examine how the amount of sample and changes in combustible temperature of living branches and leaves treated with high temperature are associated with combustible time of two coniferous trees, Pinus rigida (R) and Larix leptolepis (L), which are the main victims of forest fire. During the first thirty minutes at $80^{\circ}C$, moisture content of R was higher than that of L by 12%, but after four hours, the moisture content was both lowered by 4~5% and turned to highly combustible leaves. With living leaves, the maximal combustible temperature, regardless of heating temperature, turned out to be higher than normal temperature by $67~140^{\circ}C$, and that with living branches, it was higher by $113~207^{\circ}C$. Also, with living leaves (R, L), the duration time of combustion was as follows: 605, 906 seconds at $400^{\circ}C$ and 76, 227 seconds at $600^{\circ}C$, respectively. Concerning the relation between the amount of burnt fuel and maximal temperature, the more the former was, the higher the latter. The total amounts of combustion heat of living branches and living leaves were 1, 121 Cal (20.8%) and 1, 137 Cal (21.4%), respectively. The total amount of combustion heat increased in proportion to the amount of consumed fuel: 100 g of living leaves and branches gave rise to 128 Cal, whereas 300 g did 556 Cal, that was more than three times.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is reporting to compare the preference of combustible moxibustion and electronic moxibustion. Methods : 31 patients were treated by combustible moxibustion in the morning and electronic moxibustion in the afternoon for 1 day. After they were treated by each moxibustions treatment, filled out questionnaire. We repeated the above process for 3 days. And we analyzed questionnaire statistically. Results : Heat sensitivity of electronic moxibustion has statistical significance. Sex and age have no statistical significances. Heat sensitivity and persistency of combustible moxibustion, heat persistency of electronic moxibustion also have no statistical significances. Satisfaction and smoke of moxibustion have correlation to moxibustion preference. Conclusions : Heat sensitivity of electronic moxibustion, satisfaction and smoke of moxibustion have correlation to moxibustion preference.