• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.97-108
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• 2019

This paper presents a new model for the strap combined footings to obtain the most economical contact surface on the soil (optimal dimensioning) to support an axial load and moment in two directions to each column. The new model considers the soil real pressure, i.e., the pressure varies linearly. Research presented in this paper shows that can be applied to the T-shaped combined footings and the rectangular combined footings. The classical model uses the technique of test and error, i.e., a dimension is proposed, and subsequently, the equation of the biaxial bending is used to obtain the stresses acting on each vertex of the strap combined footing, which must meet the conditions following: The minimum stress should be equal or greater than zero, and maximum stress must be equal or less than the allowable capacity that can withstand the soil. Numerical examples are presented to obtain the optimal area of the contact surface on the soil for the strap combined footings subjected to an axial load and moments in two directions applied to each column. Appendix shows the Tables 4 and 5 for the strap combined footings, the Table 6 for the T-shaped combined footings, and the Table 7 for the rectangular combined footings.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 2024

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of a 12-week combined cognitive and physical exercise program on cognitive and physical functions in older adults diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Design: A one-group pretest-posttest study. Methods: Twelve participants with MCI engaged in a weekly 60-minute session of combined cognitive and physical exercise program. Cognitive function was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), while physical function was evaluated through measures of muscle strength, postural balance, and walking capabilities. Muscle strength assessments included the arm curl test, handgrip strength, and the 5 sit-to-stand test. Postural balance was evaluated using the one-leg stance test, timed up-and-go test, functional reach test, and four square step test. Walking function was analyzed through a gait analysis device. Pre- and post-intervention measurements were compared to determine the effects of the exercise program. Results: The results demonstrated significant improvements in MoCA, arm curl test, timed up-and-go test, walking speed, and cadence following the 12-week intervention (p<0.05). MoCA scores revealed enhanced cognitive performance, while measures of muscle strength, including the arm curl test, exhibited significant changes. Improvements in timed up-and-go test scores indicated enhanced mobility, accompanied by increased walking speed and cadence, as evidenced by gait analysis. Conclusions: This study suggests that a structured 12-week program incorporating both cognitive and physical exercises can lead to meaningful improvements in cognitive and physical functions among older adults with MCI.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.31B no.10
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• pp.21-31
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• 1994

This paper describes the multichannel combined R2MFC/DTMF/CCT reciver which provides a signaling service functions for call processing control in digital switching system. Using the TMS320C25 DSP chip, we have implemented multi-function receriver shich processes 8 channels of R2MFC, DTMF, and CCT signals simultaneously. In order to increase the channel multiplicity of the combined receiver. R2MFC and CCT receiver were employed by discrete Fourier transform(DFT) method using Goertzel algorithm, and DTMFreceiver was employ by infinite impulse reponse(IIR) filtering method using 4KHz subsampling technique. The combined receiver has 4 function modes for each channel such as R2MFC, DTMF, CCT, and Idle modes. The function mode of each channel may be selected at any time by single-chip micro-controller(.mu.C). Hence, the number of channels assigned for each function mode can be adjusted dynamically according to the signaling traffic variations. From the experimental test results using the test-bed, it has been proved that the combined receiver statisfies all receiver satisfies all receiver specifications, and provides good channel multiplicity and performance, Therefore, it may give a great improvement than existing receiver in cost, reliability, availability, and serviceability.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.389-394
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of combined exercise program on fall-related physical fitness and pain response in elderly people. Fall-related physical fitness consisted of the 7 performance test items by Senior Fitness Test Manual. Pain response was measured by visual analog scale (VAS sore: 0=no pain, 10=extremely unsatisfactory). The combined exercise program was performed for about one hour per day, 4 times a week over a period of 10 weeks. As the result of this study, flexibility, agility, and right balance were significantly increased. The various characteristics of pain were considerably improved on pain symptom, leg pain when walking, pain symptom when sitting, and pain symptom in daily living. In conclusion, there has been a substantial improvement in 10 weeks by combined exercise program.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.173-185
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• 2019

This paper presents experimental and numerical investigations of aluminum tubular members subjected to combined bending and web crippling. A series of tests was performed on square hollow sections (SHS) fabricated by extrusion using 6061-T6 heat-treated aluminum alloy. Different specimen lengths were tested to obtain the interaction relationship between moment and concentrated load. The non-linear finite element models were developed and verified against the experimental results obtained in this study and test data from existing literature for aluminum tubular sections subjected to pure bending, pure web crippling, and combined bending and web crippling. Geometric and material non-linearities were included in the finite element models. The finite element models closely predicted the strengths and failure modes of the tested specimens. Hence, the models were used for an extensive parametric study of cross-section geometries, and the web slenderness values ranged from 6.0 to 86.2. The combined bending and web crippling test results and strengths predicted from the finite element analysis were compared with the design strengths obtained using the current American Specification, Australian/New Zealand Standard and European Code for aluminum structures. The findings suggest that the current specifications are either quite conservative or unconservative for aluminum square hollow sections subjected to combined bending and web crippling. Hence, a bending and web crippling interaction equation for aluminum square hollow section specimens is proposed in this paper.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.139-147
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• 2021

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to verify the effectiveness of combined marine healing programs by analyzing the physical composition of metabolic patients, blood lipids and the effects of the inflammatory factors, the C -reactive protein(CRP). Methods : the combined marine treatment program was conducted for 6 hours a day, 5 days a week on the 10 adult patients with metabolic diseases and the results of their body composition, blood lipids and CRP were analyzed before and after the subjects completed the program. For the statistical analysis, the mean and standard deviation (M±SD) of each variable were calculated using SPSS version 20 and a paired t-test was conducted in order to test for the differences before and after the combined marine treatment program. All significant levels were set to 𝛼=.05. As a result of the experiment Results : First, regarding the changes in body composition and blood pressure after the 5-day combined marine treatment program was completed, there were statistically significant differences found in weight (p<.01) and systolic blood pressure (p<.05). Second, regarding the changes in blood lipids and CRP after the program was conducted, there were statistically significant differences found in total cholesterol (p<.05) while there was no statistically significant difference found in the variables of neutral fat, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and CRP. Conclusion : the study results were integrated, the 5-day combined marine treatment program had a positive effect on weight, blood pressure and total cholesterol in the patients with metabolic diseases. Therefore, the short-term marine treatment program was thought to be effective for them. However, considering no significant differences were found in neutral fat, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and CRP, further development and research on combined marine treatment programs should be conducted in the long term to create an effective program for patients with metabolic diseases.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.347-361
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• 1997

The present study investigates the effects of DFDB graft combined with Calcium sulfate membrane on the periodontal wound healing in dehiscence defects of dogs. Following the initiation of general anesthesia by I.V. administration of 30mg/kg of pentobarbital, first premolar was extracted and full-thickness flap was elevated from the second to the fourth premolar. The portion of premolars coronal to the alveolar crest was removed and mesial and distal roots separated to produce single rooted teeth. Exposed root canals were sealed with Caviton and covered completely with flaps sutured. Following the healing period of 12 weeks, the surgical sites were uncovered and $4{\times}4mm$ dehiscence defects were surgically created. Those defects with DFDB graft combined with Calcium sulfate membrane following root planing, were designated as test sites and those with flap surgery-only were designated as controls. 1. No foreign-body reaction or inflammation were observed in either groups. Calcium sulfate was completely resorbed in the test sites. 2. Significantly greater amounts of new cementum was observed in test sites compared with the controls. Significant amounts of functionally orientated collagens were observed in the test sites. 3. New bone formation was observed in significantly greater amounts in test sites. The results suggest that combined graft of DFDB and calcium sulfate is extremely biocompatible with a potential for new bone and cementum formation, and functional alignment of periodontal ligaments.

• Annals of Rehabilitation Medicine
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.788-797
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• 2018

Objective To investigate the effect of upper limb rehabilitation combining robot with low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on unilateral spatial neglect in stroke patients. Methods Patients who had hemispatial neglect after right hemisphere stroke were randomly divided into rTMS only group, robot only group, and combined group. All groups received conventional neglect therapy and additional treatment for each group. rTMS group received rTMS therapy. Robot group received robot therapy, while combined group received both therapies. The effect of therapy was assessed with Motor-Free Visual Perception Test-3 (MVPT-3), line bisection test, star cancellation test, Catherine Bergego Scale (CBS), Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and the Korean version of Modified Barthel Index (K-MBI). These measurements were evaluated before and after treatment. Results For each group, 10 patients were recruited. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics or initial values among the three groups. Two weeks after the therapy, all groups showed significant improvement in MVPT-3, line bisection test, star cancellation test, CBS, MMSE, and K-MBI. However, changes in measurements showed no significant differences among groups. Conclusion Treatment effect of the combined therapy of robotic therapy and low-frequency rTMS therapy for hemispatial neglect was not statistically different from that of each single treatment. Results of this study did not prove the superiority of any of the three treatments. Further study with large number of patients is needed to evaluate the superiority of these treatments.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.41-51
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to investigate the effects of combined Joint Mobilization and Functional Electrical Stimulation on Muscle Activation and Mobility of ankle joints in stroke patients and their Modified Functional Reach Test (MFRT) results. METHODS: A total of 26 patients with stroke were randomly selected for enrollment in this study. (1) Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) (2) combined Joint Mobilization and FES. An EMG system was used to measure tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius activities. Range Of Motion (ROM) of Ankle Joint and MFRT for Dynamic Balance. Pre and post intervention results were compared by paired-t-tests and differences in changes after intervention between groups were identified by the independent t-test. RESULTS: The muscle activation, ROM, and MFRT differed significantly in the experimental group (p<.05). The ROM was significantly different for the active dorsiflexion pre and post intervention in the group that received FES alone (p<.05). CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest use of a systematic program of proactive posture control to prevent dysfunction when planning interventions for ankle joints can help stroke patients walk efficiently.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 1985

The behavioral effects of propranolol (60mg/kg) and metoprolol (100mg/kg) each alone and coadministered orally with cinnarizine (100mg/kg) were investigated and compared with each of betablockers alone treated group in rodents. Propranolol showed depressive effects through locomotor activity, conditioned avoidance response, rota-rod test, traction test, and analgesic effect in mice. When combined with cinnarizine and propranolol, the behavioral depressive effect of propranolol was reduced comparing with propranolol alone treated group. However, metoprolol alone or combined with cinnarizine didn't showed any behavioral depressive effect so much as propranolol.