• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.637-643
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• 2006

The bench-scale chlorine exposure study was performed to investigate the effect of pretreatment by free chlorine and monochloramine ($NH_2Cl$) on the performance of RO membranes made of polyamide (PA). Feed monochloramination at 2mg/L did not cause significant productivity loss compared to free chlorine. However, metal coagulants reacted with monochloramine, the PA membrane suffered from a gradual loss of membrane integrity by chlorine oxidation, which was characterized as a decrease in salt rejection. Especially, RO membranes exposed to alum coagulants with monochloramine revealed the salt rejection lower than those exposed to iron coagulants. XPS membrane surface analysis demonstrated that the chlorine uptake on the membrane surface increased and carbon peaks were shifted significantly when exposed to alum coagulants with monochloramine.

• 약학회지
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.539-546
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• 1997

Capillary electrophoresis (CE) is perceived as an attractive tool for the analysis of pharmaceuticals and biological materials because of their high separation efficiency, easy separation and low running cost. New concept of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC) expanded the application of CE to the separation of neutral molecules. Validation of CE as an analytical technique for quality control of pharmaceuticals should be confirmed by quantitative analysis and the peak confirmation. In this study, the quantitative analyses of various types of neutral, acidic and basic components (acetaminophen, caffeine, ascorbic acid, riboflavin, thiamine, chlorpheniramine, phenylpropanolamine, dl-methylephedrine and dextromethorphan) in complex cold medicines have been accomplished using CE. Combined methods of MECC using SDS and capillary zone electrophoresis lowering the pH of running buffer were adopted to determine the ingredients in capsule type or liquid formula complex medicines without particular sample pretreatment. The results indicate that CE is a promising technique for quality control analysis of pharmaceuticals as a validation method.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.683-686
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• 2002

To achieve optimum operation of a thermophilic aerobic digestion (TAD) process for waste activated sludge (WAS), TAD experiments using Bacillus stearothermophilus (ATCC 31197) were carried out to investigate the optimum concentration of dissolved oxygen (DO). TAD reactors were operated at DO concentrations of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 ppm, and the results showed that the WAS could be successfully degraded by a TAD system operated with a DO concentration of 1 ppm and above. When the TAD system with an optimum additive (2 mM Ca ion), selected from a previous study, and 1 ppm DO concentration were combined with a thermal pretreatment ($121^{\circ}C$, 10 min), the results exhibited upgraded total suspended solids and an enhanced protein degradation.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.70-79
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• 1996

Ultrafiltration(UF) and powdered activated carbon(PAC) adsorption were combined to treat wastewater contaminated with refractory organic compounds. Secondary sewage effluent of RBC process was used for the investigation. It was determined from batch test results that a contact time of 2 hours and a PAC dose of 450mg/l would be used in the experiments. Backwashing was accomplished by forcing the permeates back ward with pressure of $2.5kgf/m^2$ for 90 seconds. It was shown that refractory organics removal by the PAC-UF process was more efficient than UF process without PAC pretreatments. As backwashing frequency was decreased from four times to one time in an hour, the removal efficiency was significantly increased. The addition of PAC to the UF process mitigated the fluctuation of filtrate quality which was increased in UF process without PAC treatment as transmembrane pressure was increased.

• 생약학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.39-46
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• 1988

Experimental studies were conducted to investigate the hemostatic effect of the water extracts of Kwibitang. For this purpose, the effects of the extracts on the bleeding time in mouse tail and prothrombin time in vitro were estimated. Furthermore, its activity on the isolated uterine muscle in rats were investigated. The results obtained were as following; The bleeding time was not shortened, but the plasma prothrombin time in vitro test was significantly shortened. The uterotonic action produced by the extract was not inhibited by pretreatment of diltiazem at the doses of $10^{-5}g/ml$.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제66권
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• pp.53-59
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• 2023

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has no effect on normal cells, but selectively can induce apoptosis in tumor cells. Gartanin, a xanthone compound in mangosteen, has been shown to inhibit cancer cell growth by arresting the cell cycle and inducing autophage. In this study, we revealed that gartanin can sensitize TRAIL-induced human liver cancer cell death. We also found that gartanin enhances DR5 expression, a death receptor for TRAIL. This effect appears to be related to CHOP activation associated with the response of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Gartanin treatment also inhibited p62 protein expression and cleaved LC3 to activate autophagy flux, which is related with TRAIL-induced cell death. Pretreatment with autophagy flux inhibitor, LY294002, inhibited gartanin-induced DR5 expression. In summary, our results reveal that the combined treatment of gartanin and TRAIL can be a valuable tool for cancer treatment.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.441-446
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• 2011

에틸렌 작용억제제인 1-MCP의 처리와 함께 수확 후 '부유' 단감 과실에 호르메시스유발원으로 자외선을 조사하였을 때 carotenoid 색소 함량 변화와 함께 에틸렌 생성, 호흡 및 과육 경도의 변화를 조사하였다. 수확 당시 '부유' 단감 과실의 주요 carotenoid 색소는 ${\beta}$-carotene, lycopene, ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin이었으며, 이 중 lycopene 색소 함량은 수확 이후 실온 저장 기간 중에 크게 증가하는 양상을 보였다. 자외선 조사는 단감에서 ${\beta}$-carotene과 lycopene 색소의 함량을 증가시켜 과피의 착색을 증진하였으나 동시에 자외선 스트레스에 따른 과육의 경도 저하를 촉진하였다. 그러나 자외선 조사에 따른 carotenoid 색소 함량의 증가는 1-MCP 처리의 영향을 받지 않은 반면 과육의 연화는 1-MCP 처리에 의해 크게 지연되었다. 따라서 수확 후 '부유' 단감 과실에 1-MCP 처리와 자외선 조사를 병행할 경우 연화 억제와 과피의 착색 중진을 통한 품질의 향상이 가능할 것으로 생각된다.

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.117-121
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• 1994

쇠비름(portuaaca oleracea L.)의 줄기절편체로부터 캘러스유도를 위한 적정배지는 BAP 0.1 + 2,4-D 1.0 mg/L., 30g/L sucrose 및 10 g/L agar를 첨가한 MS배지로 나타났으며, 액체배양에 의한 세포의 증식에는 BAP 0.1 + 2,4-D 0.5mg/L가 함유된 MS배지가 효과적이었다. 장시간 건조처리는 세포는 활력과 재생 및 재분화율이 강하게 억제되나, 1시간 및 2시간동안의 단시간 건조처리한 세포의 재분화율은 각각 83및 80%로 나타나나 무처리 61%에 비해 높았다. 0.6% NaCl의 2일간 전처리는 세포의 재분화율에는 영향을 미치지 않으나, 세포활력 및 재생률에는 억제작용을 나타내었다. Sucrose 70및 100 g/L를 전처리한 쇠비름세포의 재분화율은 각각 80및 81%로 무처리에 비해 높았다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

아크릴 폐수를 응집-여과-중화의 전처리 공정에 적용하여 막오염 인자를 최소화 한 후 UF/RO 공정에 적용하였다. 막의 형태 및 종류에 따라 한외여과 및 역삼투 모듈을 조합을 이루어 전처리 수를 온도 및 압력변화에 따라 적용하여 분리 특성을 고찰하였다. 투과 플럭스는 모듈 set 1의 UF모듈보다 모듈 set 4의 UF모듈의 투과량이 약 $2{\sim}3$배 더 많이 배출됨을 확인하였다. 최종적인 투과량은 관형모듈과 조합을 이룬 모듈 set 2와 모듈 set 3이 좋은 결과를 나타내었다. 모든 UF 모듈에서 TDS, T-N 및 COD의 제거 효율은 온도 및 압력변화에 영향을 받지 않고 제거 효율 또한 낮음을 알 수 있었다. RO모듈에서 TDS, T-N 및 COD가 우수한 제거 효율을 보였다. 아크릴 폐수의 최종적인 수질결과는 공장폐수의 배출 허용기준을 만족하였고, 막모듈 조합은 폐수의 재활용 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.459-469
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• 2009

It is well known that coagulation pretreatment can reduce foulants prior to membrane filtration. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of coagulation on fouling of ceramic microfiltration membrane($0.1 {\mu}m$) using pilot plant of $150m^3/day/train$ capacity. Train A membrane system has pretreatment process of ozonation and coagulation while train B has only coagulation. Two types of coagulation operation were investigated: back mixer(rapid mixing with or without slow mixing) which is a conventional mechanically stirred mixer and an inline static mixer. Ozone dose rate for train A was 1 mg/L and ozone contact time was 12 min. The coagulation dose(PACl 10% as $Al_2O_3$) rate was changed 20~40 mg/L according to experimental schedule. In this experimental conditions, the coagulation of back mixer type with rapid mixing(GT=72,000) and slow mixing(GT=45,000) was the best effective in reduction of ceramic membrane fouling regardless preozonation. Especially, the effect of inline static mixer was sensitive to change in water quality. Ozonation mainly affected irreversible fouling rather than reversible fouling in accordance with less adsorption of NOM on the membrane surface. Thus, the increase rate of the nomalized TMP(trans membrane pressure) at $25^{\circ}C$ for train A was relatively lower than that of train B under same coagulation process with same coagulant dosage. The best performance of ceramic membrane appeared in case of combined process with ozonation, therefore this integrated process is able to archive less coagulant dosing and secure a stability of ceramic membrane system.