• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.335-339
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• 1994

Combined intrauterine and extrauterine pregnancy is rare, occuring 1 in 30,000 pregnancies. The early diagnosis of combined pregnancy is very difficult, and so there is a higher maternal morbidity and fetal loss. Recently the incidence of combined pregnancy is increased. We experienced a case of combined intrauterine and right tubal pregnancy, and this case was presented with a brief review of the literatures.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.161-164
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• 2010

Combined pregnancy occasionally occurs when intrauterine pregnancy is complicated with ectopic pregnancy. The incidence of combined pregnancy is normally rare, but the incidence increases when assisted reproductive technology was conducted for infertility treatment. We had a case of intrauterine pregnancy complicated with tubal pregnancy after IVF-ET cycle was conducted. The tubal pregnancy was removed via pelviscopy, which led to the delivery of healthy offspring at the $39^{th}$ week of pregnancy without additional complication.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.262-268
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• 1997

Combined intrauterine and ectopic (heterotopic) pregnancy occurs in approximately 1 in 30,000 spontaneous gestations. Heterotopic gestations are increased in women who have had reconstructive pelvic surgery, pelvic inflammatory disease and artificial ovarian hyperstimulation. Patients who require assisted reproductive technologies, such as in vitro fertilization / embryo transfer and gamete intrafallopian transfer, also have an increased risk of a heterotopic pregnancy. We experienced two cases of combined pregnancy following IVF-ET. Following is a report of these cases with a brief review of references.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.258-267
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• 2007

Purpose : Generally dermatitis is treated by corticosteroids, antihistamines ect, but the use of these drugs may affect pregnant women adversely. In this case Oriental medical therapy can be very useful. The purpose of this study is to report clinical management of dermatitis patients during pregnancy by oriental medicine including Hwa-acupuncture and herbal-combined extraction. Methods : We experienced two cases of dermatitis patient during pregnancy. In the beginning of treatment, they had severe itching, burning sensation, bulls, papule. We teated them with Hwa-acupuncture, herbal-combined extraction. Results : After quite short oriental treatment including Hwa-acupuncture and herbal-combined extraction, the symptoms of patients are remarkable alleviated. Conclusion : We think that many case of dermatitis during pregnancy can be managed effectively by Hwa-acupuncture and herbal-combined extraction. If we make more studies about disease under pregnancy condition, it will bring the high satisfaction of patient and the elevation of treatment rate.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.129-136
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• 2009

The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is increased since in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET) has started. And because of the possibility of combined pregnancy after IVF-ET, bilateral adnexal area and other portion of pelvis should be examined carefully by transvaginal ultrasonography during follow-up period. The rate of combined pregnancy after IVF is estimated to be as high as 0.2~1%. Since the incidence of combined pregnancies is markedly higher with IVF, special attention to this possibility after ET is warranted. According to a recent report, the occurrence of interstitial pregnancy is estimated to be 1:3600 for all pregnancies achieved with IVF. The prevalence of interstitial pregnancies is 2~4% of ectopic pregnancies. Interstitial pregnancies tend to be diagnosed later than most other ectopic pregnancies, and if uterine rupture occurs, the resulting hemorrhage can be severe. Currently, about 2% to 3% of interstitial pregnancies are thought to carry a maternal death, which is twice that of other tubal gestations. We report a case of simultaneous left tubal and right interstitial pregnancies after IVF-ET with a brief review of literature.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.129-133
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• 1988

Combined (intra and extrauterine) pregnancy refers to impregnations of two different ova at intrauterine and extrauterine sites simultaneously or within a short time interval each other. It is a rare clinical entity and freqently missed in early diagnosis in most instances. Its incidence rate is about 1 in 30,000 pregnancies and the incidence was rised in cases of using ovulation induced agents. The diagnostic rate is less than 10% at early process of the disease. We experienced a case of intrauterine and left tubal pregnancy as combined pregnaney in ovulation cycle which had been induced by clomiphene citrate and now present it with brief review of related leteratures.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.103-106
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• 1989

Gamete intrafollopian transfer, a varient of IVF, is becoming increasingly popular as a treatment modality for infertility in women with at least one healthy follopian tube. Although GIFT has recently been poprlarized as a safe and effective treatment in selected infertile couples, little discussion of potential complications has been published. Whereas a tubal pregnancy rate of approximately 5% has been noted for IVF, early reports of GIFT have noted ectopic pregnancy to be relativiely rare. We experienced a case of combined pregnancy following GIFT with microsurgery and now present it with brief review of related literatures.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.217-231
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• 1998

The effectiveness of intrauterine insemination (IUI) combined with controlled ovanan hyperstimulation (COH) in the treatment of infertility with various etiologies was compared in a total of 152 cycles. Patients received a maximum of three IUI cycles for the treatment. Severe male ($<2\times10^6$ motile sperm) or age factor (> 39 y) patients were excluded in this study. Pregnancy was classified as clinical if a gestational sac was seen on ultrasound. The overall clinical pregnancy rate was 7.9% per cycle (12/152) and 9.7% per patient (12/124). The pregnancy rates were 0% in unstimulated natural (0/18), 7.5% in CC (3/40), 8.2% in CC+hMG (4/49), 5.9% in GnRH-a ultrashort (1/17), 5.9% in GnRH-a long (1/17) and 27.3% in dual suppression cycles (3/11), respectively. The pregnancy rate was higher in dual suppression cycle than other stimulated cycles, but this was not significant. The multiple pregnancy rates were 25.0% (2 twins and 1 triplet). No patient developed ovarian hyperstimulation. Abortion rates were 66.7% in CC (2/3) and 100% in ultrashort cycles (1/1). The livebirth rate was 5.9% per cycle (9/152) and 7.3% per patient (9/124). There were no differences in age, duration of infertility, follicle size, total ampules of gonadotropins and days of stimulation between pregnant and non-pregnant groups. However, significant(P<0.05) differences were observed in the level of estradiol $(E_2)$ on the day of hCG injection ($3,266.6{\pm}214.2$ vs $2,202.7{\pm}139.4$ pg/ml) and total motile sperm count ($212.1{\pm}63.4$ vs $105.1{\pm}9.9\times10^6$) between pregnant group and non-pregnant group. These results suggest that IUI combined with successful ovarian stimulation tends to improve the chance of pregnancy as compared to IUI without COH and a total motile sperm count may be considered predictive of the success for pregnancy.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.194-199
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• 2007

Effects of recombinant bovine somatotropin (bST) on plasma hormonal concentration, embryo quality, and pregnancy rate were examined during the superovulation and synchronization treatment in donor and recipient cows. Hanwoos (Korean native beef cattle) were treated with controlled internal drug release (CIDR) combined with bST (CIDR+bST) or without bST (CIDR) as donor cows. The embryos recovered from donors were transferred into Holstein recipient heifers treated with bST (CIDR+bST) or without bST (CIDR) for synchronization. The correlation between IGF-I and P4 showed a positive pattern in the CIDR+bST group (r=0.44, p<0.01), but a negative pattern was shown in the CIDR group (r = -0.59, p<0.02) at day 7 of estrous cycles. Although the number of recovered, transferable, and degenerated embryos was not different, quantities of grade 1 (excellent) embryos in CIDR+bST group were significantly higher than those of the CIDR group (p<0.01). The pregnancy rate was higher in the CIDR+bST recipient group compared to CIDR group (p<0.05), when the embryos were recovered from the donors treated with CIDR. However, the pregnancy was maintained highly in both recipient groups, when the embryos were produced by CIDR+bST treated donors. It can be concluded that bST administration combined with CIDR is an effective method for superovulation and synchronization treatment to stabilize plasma hormonal levels, to obtain excellent quality of embryos, and to get higher pregnancy rate.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.191-200
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• 2004

Objective: To compare the clinical efficacy of double intrauterine insemination with single intrauterine insemination in GnRH antagonist combined ovarian hyperstimulation (Mild ovarian hyperstimulation) Materials and Methods: From Jan. 2001 to Jul. 2004, a retrospective clinical analysis was done of a total of 295 cycles in 170 patients who underwent ovarian hyperstimulation for ART (assisted reproductive technique). Subjects were divided into three groups; only clomiphene citrate ovarian hyperstimulation (n=55, 95cycles), GnRH antagonist combined ovarian hyperstimulation (soft ovarian hyperstimulation) (n=66 99cycles), and GnRH agonist combined ovarian hyperstimulation (short protocol) (n=49, 101cycles) Each group were randomly devided into two subgroups. One group underwent single IUI and the other group underwent double IUI. Results: GnRH antagonist group and GnRH agonist group had similar pregnancy rate. In GnRH antagonist Group, pregnancy rate was 36.1% in single IUI subgroup and was 36.6% in double IUI subgroup. These finding were not statistically significant. And Pregnancy rate was 20.8% in single IUI subgroup and was 19.3% in double IUI subgroup in single clomiphene citrate group, and 36.3% in single IUI subgroup and was 33.3% in double IUI subgroup in GnRH agonist group. These finding were not statistically significant, too. Conclusion: Pregnancy rate of GnRH antagonist was high and complication rate such as OHSS and multiple pregnancy was lower. In GnRH antagonist group, to compare with single IUI and double IUI, the result do not statistically differ. So GnRH antagonist single injection with single IUI was relatively comparable ART in infertiliry patient.