• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.863-870
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• 2016

본 논문의 목적은 소듐냉각고속로(sodium cooled fast reactor, SFR)와 초임계 $CO_2$ Brayton cycle의 연계 시, 원자로 열수송 계통과 동력변환 계통의 압력 경계를 형성하는 회로인쇄형 열교환기의 경계면에 균열이 발생해 고압(약 200 bar)의 $CO_2$가 상압 수준의 액체소듐유로 측에 유입되었을 때의 물리/화학적 현상을 파악하여 열교환기 설계에 활용 가능한 실험 자료를 생산하는 것이다. 열교환기의 소듐-$CO_2$ 경계면 균열 현상은 경계면의 균열 크기에 따라 미세 균열에 의한 소듐유로막힘(plugging) 현상과 상대적으로 큰 균열에 의한 열교환기 재료손상(wastage) 현상으로 나뉜다. Plugging 실험결과, 소듐유로 직경이 3mm일 때 $CO_2$ 주입 즉시 소듐 흐름이 정지한 반면 소듐유로 직경이 5 mm일 때는 유량이 감소되기 시작하는 시점은 3 mm의 경우와 유사하게 $CO_2$ 주입 즉시 나타났지만 소듐의 흐름이 완전히 정지할 때까지는 상대적으로 오랜 시간이 소요되었다. 이러한 실험결과는 실제 열교환기의 소듐-$CO_2$ 경계면에서 미세균열이 발생했을 때, 소듐유로 직경이 3 mm로 좁을 경우 균열 발생과 동시에 해당 소듐유로가 반응생성물에 의해 막혀 해당 유로 외의 유로들로 지속적인 열교환기 운전이 가능하지만, 소듐유로의 직경이 5 mm로 넓어질 경우 소듐유로가 고체생성물에 의해 즉시 막히지 않고 생성물이 소듐유로를 따라 계통 내부를 이동하다 일정 농도 이상이 되어야 소듐유로를 막게 할 것으로 예상할 수 있는 결과이다. Wastage 실험결과, 열교환의 재질(STS316, Inconel600, G91 합금강), 운전온도($400{\sim}500^{\circ}C$), 노즐직경(0.2~0.8 mm), 시편-노즐 거리(2~6 mm)와 무관하게 고압(약 200~250 bar)의 $CO_2$ 분사에 의한 시편의 물리적 손상(erosion) 현상은 발생하지 않았다. 노즐에서의 분사되는 $CO_2$의 분사속도는 마하 0.4~0.7인 것으로 확인되었다. 본 연구의 실험결과는 열교환기 파손 대처 설계에 배경 실험 자료로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.131.1-131.1
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• 2010

This study was conducted for engineering optimization for the gasification process which is the key factor for success of Taean IGCC gasification plant which has been driven forward under the government support in order to expand to supply new and renewable energy and diminish the burden of the responsibility for the reduction of the green house gas emission. The gasification process consists of coal milling and drying, pressurization and feeding, gasification, quenching and HP syngas cooling, slag removal system, dry flyash removal system, wet scrubbing system, and primary water treatment system. The configuration optimization is essential for the high efficiency and the cost saving. For this purpose, it was designed to have syngas cooler to recover the sensible heat as much as possible from the hot syngas produced from the gasifier which is the dry-feeding and entrained bed slagging type and also applied with the oxygen combustion and the first stage cylindrical upward gas flow. The pressure condition inside of the gasifier is around 40~45Mpg and the temperature condition is up to $1500{\sim}1700^{\circ}C$. It was designed for about 70% out of fly ash to be drained out throughout the quenching water in the bottom part of the gasifier as a type of molten slag flowing down on the membrane wall and finally become a byproduct over the slag removal system. The flyash removal system to capture solid particulates is applied with HPHT ceramic candle filter to stand up against the high pressure and temperature. When it comes to the residual tiny particles after the flyash removal system, wet scurbbing system is applied to finally clean up the solids. The washed-up syngas through the wet scrubber will keep around $130{\sim}135^{\circ}C$, 40~42Mpg and 250 ppmv of hydrochloric acid(HCl) and hydrofluoric acid(HF) at maximum and it is turned over to the gas treatment system for removing toxic gases out of the syngas to comply with the conditions requested from the gas turbine. The result of this study will be utilized to the detailed engineering, procurement and manufacturing of equipments, and construction for the Taean IGCC plant and furthermore it is the baseline technology applicable for the poly-generation such as coal gasification(SNG) and liquefaction(CTL) to reinforce national energy security and create new business models.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.25-40
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• 2001

This paper describes the forecast of power plant construction in a competitive korean electricity market. In Korea, KEPCO (Korea Electric Power Corporation, fully controlled by government) was responsible for from the production of the electricity to the sale of electricity to customer. However, the generation part is separated from KEPCO and six generation companies were established for whole sale competition from April 1st, 2001. The generation companies consist of five fossil power companies and one nuclear power company in Korea at present time. Fossil power companies are scheduled to be sold to private companies including foreign investors. Nuclear power company is owned and controlled by government. The competition in generation market will start from 2003. ISO (Independence System Operator will purchase the electricity from the power exchange market. The market price is determined by the SMP(System Marginal Price) which is decided by the balance between demand and supply of electricity in power exchange market. Under this uncertain circumstance, the energy policy planners such as government are interested to the construction of the power plant in the future. These interests are accelerated due to the recent shortage of electricity supply in California. In the competitive market, investors are no longer interested in the investment for the capital intensive, long lead time generating technologies such as nuclear and coal plants. Large unclear and coal plants were no longer the top choices. Instead, investors in the competitive market are interested in smaller, more efficient, cheaper, cleaner technologies such as CCGT(Combined Cycle Gas Turbine). Electricity is treated as commodity in the competitive market. The investors behavior in the commodity market shows that the new investment decision is made when the market price exceeds the sum of capital cost and variable cost of the new facility and the existing facility utilization depends on the marginal cost of the facility. This investors behavior can be applied to the new investments for the power plant. Under these postulations, there is the potential for power plant construction to appear in waves causing alternating periods of over and under supply of electricity like commodity production or real estate production. A computer model was developed to sturdy the possibility that construction will appear in waves of boom and bust in Korean electricity market. This model was constructed using System Dynamics method pioneered by Forrester(MIT, 1961) and explained in recent text by Sternman (Business Dynamics, MIT, 2000) and the recent work by Andrew Ford(Energy Policy, 1999). This model was designed based on the Energy Policy results(Ford, 1999) with parameters for loads and resources in Korea. This Korea Market Model was developed and tested in a small scale project to demonstrate the usefulness of the System Dynamics approach. Korea electricity market is isolated and not allowed to import electricity from outsides. In this model, the base load such as unclear and large coal power plant are assumed to be user specified investment and only CCGT is selected for new investment by investors in the market. This model may be used to learn if government investment in new unclear plants could compensate for the unstable actions of private developers. This model can be used to test the policy focused on the role of unclear investments over time. This model also can be used to test whether the future power plant construction can meet the government targets for the mix of generating resources and to test whether to maintain stable price in the spot market.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.116-122
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• 2013

This study develops a dynamic scheduling model for parallel machine scheduling problem based on genetic algorithm (GA). GA combined with discrete event simulation to minimize the makespan and verifies the effectiveness of the developed model. This research consists of two stages. In the first stage, work sequence will be generated using GA, and the second stage developed work schedule applied to a real work area to verify that it could be executed in real work environment and remove the overlapping work, which causes bottleneck and long lead time. If not, go back to the first stage and develop another schedule until satisfied. Small size problem was experimented and suggested a reasonable schedule within limited resources. As a result of this research, work efficiency is increased, cycle time is decreased, and due date is satisfied within existed resources.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2014

The Product Carbon Footprint Labeling has been run for more than four years by the Ministry of Environment and there are number of products labeled by KEITI(Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute), as for declaring products with their carbon emission during life cycle stages. There are several categories for certifying products by the characteristics of usage. Building products which are applied to a building as combined components or elements, are classified as production goods which means that the products are chosen by a business, not by a final consumer. In this paper, current status of PCF labeling has been reviewed focused on building products and the characteristics of carbon emission by a kind of product such as interior products, window products, structural products, system products and others. Until Dec. 2013, 82 products has been labeled and it covers about 53% among labeled product goods by the certification. Among the labeled building products, interior products are main products. From the results of comparison, variations of emission amounts by products have been found and the cause of variation could be explained by the purpose and material properties of products. However, the exact reason for variations cannot be acquired because of lack of information and the short operation period of the certification program. Further studies and more products are needed to be studied and analyzed focused on the emission characteristic by each product and to suggest reduction technologies for sustainable building products.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2008

서인천 복합 화력발전소의 GE 7FA+e DLN-2.6 가스터빈 연소기 튜닝을 실시하였다. DLN-2.6 연소기는 기동초기 저출력 조건에서 yellow plume 현상과 정상상태보다 높은 수준의 연소진동이 발생하는 문제점이 있었다. 본 논문의 목적은 기동초기의 yellow plume과 연소진동의 발생 원인을 규명하여 실 연소기를 안정적으로 운용할 수 있는 최적의 운전 조건을 제시하는 것이다. 실연소기 튜닝과정을 통해 얻은 자료를 분석한 결과 기동초기 모드 3($20{\sim}30MW$)에서 PM 1 노즐에서의 과농한 혼합기(${\phi}{\sim}1$)에 의해 yellow plume이 생성되었다. 모드 6B($40{\sim}45MW$)에서의 연소진동 발생은 $120{\sim}140Hz$ 부근에서 생성되었고 연소기 온도에 영향을 받지 않는 cold flow 특성으로 보이며 PM 3 노즐에서의 유량과 관련이 있었다.

• 한국추진공학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2008

한국서부발전(주) 산하 서인천 복합 화력발전소에서 운용중인 GE 7FA+e 가스터빈 DLN-2.6 연소기는 기동초기 연소진동과 yellow plume 현상이 발생하고 있는데 이러한 특성을 분석하고 모형 덤프 연소기 설계에 반영하기 위한 상사인자 고찰이 본 연구의 목적이다. 실연소기 분석을 통하여 $120{\sim}140Hz$에서 일어나는 연소진동은 cold flow에서 덤프 모드로 발생되었으며 이것의 모사를 위해 노즐 출구 이전의 빈 공간인 plenum을 설계하였다. 또한 주요 상사인자로 노즐의 회전수, 연료-공기 혼합거리, 노즐과 덤프면의 면적비, 노즐출구에서의 속도와 당량비, 연료 조성성분 등이 있다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권10호
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• pp.761-772
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• 2017

Glioblastoma is the most frequent and most aggressive brain tumor in adults. Solute carrier family 8 member 2 (SLC8A2) is only expressed in normal brain, but not present in other human normal tissues or in gliomas. Therefore, we hypothesized that SLC8A2 might be a glioma tumor suppressor gene and detected the role of SLC8A2 in glioblastoma and explored the underlying molecular mechanism. The glioblastoma U87MG cells stably transfected with the lentivirus plasmid containg SLC8A2 (U87MG-SLC8A2) and negative control (U87MG-NC) were constructed. In the present study, we found that the tumorigenicity of U87MG in nude mice was totally inhibited by SLC8A2. Overexpression of SLC8A2 had no effect on cell proliferation or cell cycle, but impaired the invasion and migration of U87MG cells, most likely through inactivating the extracellular signal-related kinases (ERK)1/2 signaling pathway, inhibiting the nuclear translocation and DNA binding activity of nuclear factor kappa B ($NF-{\kappa}B$), reducing the level of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)-its receptor (uPAR) system (ERK1/2-$NF-{\kappa}B$-MMPs/uPA-uPAR), and altering the protein levels of epithelial to mesenchymal transitions (EMT)-associated proteins E-cardherin, vimentin and Snail. In addition, SLC8A2 inhibited the angiogenesis of U87MG cells, probably through combined inhibition of endothelium-dependent and endothelium-nondependent angiogenesis (vascular mimicry pattern). Totally, SLC8A2 serves as a tumor suppressor gene and inhibits invasion, angiogenesis and growth of glioblastoma.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.80-85
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• 2011

As the instability of oil prices rose because of the situation in Libya, oil prices worldwide recorded the highest level due to the interference in supply. And so, in the 21st century, increasing efforts are being made to use clean new renewable energy centered on solar energy in accommodation of the cycle of nature instead of being reliant on the oil exporting nations. In order to reduce city energy internationally, the implementation of a low carbon city under the combined cooperation of industrial. construction, new renewable energy and transportation sectors with continuous development centered on low carbon green urban planning is now becoming established as the paradigm of the times. Recently, the government has begun carrying out the One Million Green Home Project, which is a project where the government with the goal of providing one million renewable energy homes by 2020 gives renewable energy subsidization for a partial amount of the standard unit price of installation when solar ray, solar heat, geothermal heat, small wind power or fuel cell energy is used. Thus, through this thesis which studies the state of and surveys the green village at Shingok-ri Songhak-myun Jaecheon-shi, it is the desire that the One Million Green Homes Project will be more efficiently developed and plans for improvement formed so that a high level of satisfaction in the product will be provided.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.891-896
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• 2003

IGCC 발전 시스템에 사용되는 고온 가스 필터에 대하여 용융 Si 침윤공정 방법을 사용한 고강도 반응소결 탄화규소 고온 가스 필터 제조 공정이 개발되었다. 용융 Si 침윤 반응으로 제조된 반응소결 탄화규소의 상온 및 고온 파괴강도는 약 50-123, 60-66 MPa이었으며, 반응소결 탄화규소 다공체의 평균기공크기 및 기공율의 범위는 각각 60- 70 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 및 약 34 vol%이었다. 용융 Si 침윤 방법으로 제조된 반응 소결 탄화 규소 다공체에서는 SiC 입자 사이에 SiC/Si으로 이루어진 기지 상이 형성되어 고온 파괴 강도가 점토 결합 탄화 규소 다공체보다 우수하였다. 소결된 지지층 위에 Si 분말이 첨가되지 않은 slurry를 사용하여 여과층을 제조하였다. 여과층에 사용된 Sic 입자의 크기가 10$\mu\textrm{m}$에서 34 $\mu\textrm{m}$로 증가됨에 따라 SiC 입자 사이에 형성된 기지상의 두께가 증가하였다. 분진이 포함된 유체의 face velocity 변화에 따른 압손의 관계는 US filter사 Schumacher type 20 filter의 기체 유동 특성과 비슷하게 나타났으며, 분진여과 측정시 4분 내에 누출 분진의 크기가 1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ 크기 이하로 감소되었다.