• 상하수도학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2010

A compressible media filtration process with synthetic fiber media was studied for combined sewer overflows (CSOs) treatment. Since the operation performance of fiber media filtration was dependent on the pattern of CSOs, the flow rate of CSOs was investigated and it was characterized by a big fluctuation. Thus, in this study, the fiber media filtration process was tested with wide range of filtration velocity. The removal efficiency was proportion to the increase in compressibility. As the filtration velocity was increased, the treatment efficiency was decreased and consequently leveled off when the velocity exceeded 750 $m^3/m^2$/d. An exponential equation was introduced to express the relationship between the removal efficiency and up-flow velocity. At columm test, six repetition of filtration and backwash cycle did not after the filtering velocity under the constant pressure condition.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.1127-1137
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• 2000

인산염 폐수와 불소폐수를 대상으로 각각 $La^{3+}$를 주성분으로 하는 희토수처리제와 조염화희토화합물로 제조된 수처리제를 적용하는 방안을 검토하였다. $La^{3+}$의 인산염 농도 대비 투입몰비에 따른 인산염의 제거양상을 조사한 결과, 투입몰비 0.25에서 약 50% 정도의 인산염이, 그리고 투입몰비 0.5 에서 대부분의 인산염이 제거되는 결과를 보였다. 희토수처리제에 의한 인산염 인의 제거반응은 평형에 신속히 도달하였으며, 온도증가에 따라 인산염의 제거율이 다소 감소하는 경향이 관찰되어 발열반응의 특성을 나타내었다. 희토-인산 결합체의 제타전위는 pH 5.5를 경계로 그 이하에서는 양의 값을, 그리고 그 이상에서는 음의 값을 가지는 것으로 파악되었으며 pH에 따른 제타전위 절대치의 증감과 탁도의 증감은 유사한 경향으로 변화하였다. 불소폐수에 대한 조염화희토 수처리제의 적용에 있어서는 수처리제의 투입량 중가에 따른 잔류불소 농도의 감소 및 탁도와 생생슬러지량의 증대현상이 관찰되었으며, 수처리제의 투입량이 고정된 상태에서 응집제량의 변화에 따른 불소처리효과에 대한 검토에서는 응집제의 주입량이 증가됨에 따라 잔류불소량 및 탁도는 감소하고 슬러지 발생량은 증가하는 경향이 파악되었다.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.333-344
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• 2020

Advances in industrial development and waste management over several decades have reduced many of the impacts that previously affected ecosystems, however, there are still processes which discharge hazardous materials into environments. Among industries that produce industrial wastewaters, textile manufacturing processes play a noticeable role. This study was conducted to test a novel continuous combined commercial membrane treatment using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), ultrafiltration (UF), and polyamide (PA) nanofiltration (NF) membranes for textile wastewater treatment. The synthetic textile wastewater used in this study contained sodium silicate, wax, and five various reactive dyes. The results indicate that the removal efficiency for physical particles (wax and resin) was 95% through the UF membrane under optimum conditions. Applying UF and NF hybrid treatment resulted in total effective removal of dye from all synthetic samples. The efficiency of sodium silicate removal was measured to be between 2.5 to 4.5% and 13 to 16% for UF and NF, respectively. The chemical oxygen demand in all samples was reduced by more than 85% after treatment by NF.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.82-83
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• 2001

Selected microbes was applied to the treatment of textile wastewater with support particles. To enhance the treatment efficiency, biological treatment was achieved as first process. Wastewater with a COD of 870 ppm and color of 1340 PtCo unit was continuously treated in a 1.8 ton capacity reactor. In the case of combined processes, the effluent COD concentration and color were 40 ppm (95.4% reduction) and 20 PtCo unit (98.5% reduction).

• 유기물자원화
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.53-64
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• 2020

다단수직형 적층 방식의 질산화조가 포함된 2㎥/d 병합폐수처리 파일럿플랜트를 설치하여, pH8 이상, DO 1mg/L, 내부반송율 4Q이상의 단축질소제거공정의 질산화조 운전 조건으로 약 1년 이상 운영하였다. 음폐수와 침출수의 경제적인 병합 처리를 위하여, 유분이 최소화된 음폐수를 전체 처리량의 5~25%로 조절하여 최적의 병합 비율을 검토하였다. 음폐수의 고형물과 유분을 효과적으로 분리하기 위하여 도입된 3상원심분리기의 주요 처리 효율은 SS는 116,000mg/L에서 55,700mg/L로 약 52% 제거 되었으며, 노르말헥산(N-H)의 농도는 53,200mg/L에서 27,800mg/L로 약 48%로 제거되었다. 운전 기간 중 병합 폐수처리 공정의 BOD 평균 제거 효율은 99.3%, CODcr 94.2%, CODmn 90%, SS 70.1%, T-N 85.8%, T-P 99.2%로 분석되었다. 처리수의 BOD, CODcr, T-N, T-P 평균 농도는 침출수 배출허용 기준("나"지역)을 만족하였으며, SS는 멤브레인조를 적용한 후 만족하였다. 현장의 침출수는 유량조정조의 간헐적 폭기 및 월별 상이한 방출량의 영향으로 병합폐수 중 아질산성 질소의 성분이 비교적 높았다. 아질산성질소가 축적된 상태에서도 완전질산화 후 탈질보다는, 아질산성 질소에서 탈질되는 결과가 나타났다. 또한 운전기간 중 평균 소포제 투입량은 약 2L/d으로 같은 폐수를 처리할 시 필요한 메탄올 투입량 약 2.8L/d 대비하여 경제적인 것으로 보인다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.118-124
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Development of water recycle technologies is important for human health and sustainable agriculture. However, few studies have been conducted to examine the purification methods or the water quality of reclaimed wastewater in Korea. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the different wastewaters including reclaimed wastewater and waste nutrient solution (NS) were evaluated. The changes of water quality in reclaimed wastewater and NS were determined using ultraviolet (UV) treatment and sand filtration with charcoal. Our results showed that one of the most critical limitations of reusing wastewater was the presence of harmful pathogens that possibly cause human health risks. CONCLUSION(s): This study suggests that the application of UV treatment or combined with sand filtration on reclaimed wastewater and waste NS effectively removes the total coliform bacteria below the harmful or acceptable level. For future studies, a long-term field monitoring after applying reclaimed wastewater or NS is needed.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.452-456
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• 2004

Gamma-rays effectively decomposed TPA and EG, thus removal of $1.0{\times}10^{-3}$ M pollutants was near 65 and 95%, respectively, at an absorbed dose of 10 kGy. However, TOC removal in the radiation treatment was less than 5% due to a low transformation of both TPA and EG to $CO_2$. For TPA, gamma-ray treatment largely reduced biodegradability($BOD_5/COD$) by degrading TPA to non-biodegradable organic acids. This implies that the change of biodegradability should be considered when the radiation treatment is combined with conventional biological techniques. A weight-loss wastewater containing TPA and EG was also purified by gamma-ray treatment. Extraordinarily, biodegradability of the wastewater was increased at a low dose of 1 kGy. Though underlying mechanism was not clearly identified, this result stresses the effect of wastewater composition and absorbed dose on the biodegradability change.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.54-61
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• 1998

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the treatment efficiencies of anaerobic packed and fluidized-bed biofilm and to investigate applicability in treating livestock wastewater. Biocarbonate alkalinity(BA) and volatile fatty acid(VFA) were about 3,230-3,270 mg/l, 3,790-3,126 mg/l(as CaCO$_3$) and 224-402 mg/l, 141-387 mg/l(as CH$_3$COOH), and VFA/BA ratio was about 0.069~0.12, 0.045-0.12 in packed and fluidized-bed biofilm. When COD loading rate was 6.0 kg COD/$m^3\cdot$ day in packed and fluidized-bed biofilm, methane gas production were 3.23 l/day and 4.38 l/day, respectively. In the same COD loading rate, methane gas production volumes per kg COD removal were 0.25 m$^3$ CH$_4$/kg COD$_{rm}$ and $0.28 m^3 CH_4/kg COD^{rm}$, respectively. At this time, it could be estimated that fluidized-bed biofilm was more high. In case of HRT 0.94 day(6.0 kg COD/$m^3\cdot$ day) and 11 day(0.5 kg COD/$m^3\cdot$ day), packed-bed biofilm showed 59% and 81% COD removal efficiency, respectively. While fluidized-bed biofilm showed 72% and 85% removal efficiency, respectively. It was showed that fluidized-bed biofilm was more efficient. Packed-bed biofilm was higher than fluidized in treatment efficiencies of organic matters, but required continuous treatment using combined system, because it was very exceeded over an environmental standard solidified from '96 year. In operating fluidized-bed biofilm, if farm house consider high power cost according to high circulation ratio in an economic point of view, it would have an effect that farm house use packed-bed biofilm as combined system in treating livestock wastewater.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2024

In this study, various pre-treatment methods were evaluated for microalgae separation. These methods aimed to facilitate safe, rapid, and cost-effective online imaging for real-time observation and cell counting. As pre-treatment techniques, heating, chemical hydrolysis, heating combined with chemical hydrolysis, and sonication were employed. The effectiveness of these methods was evaluated in the context of online imaging quality through experimentation on cultivated microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus quadricauda). The chemical treatment method was found to be inappropriate for improving image acquisition. The heating pre-treatment method exhibited a drawback of prolonged cell dispersion time. Additionally, the heating combined with chemical hydrolysis method was confirmed to have the lowest dispersion effect for Chlorella vulgaris. Conversely, ultrasonication emerged as a promising technique for microalgae separation in terms of repeatability and reproducibility. This study suggests the potential for selecting optimal pre-treatment methods to effectively operate real-time online monitoring devices, paving the way for future research and applications in microalgae cultivation and imaging.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.896-901
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• 2012

축사지역은 가축분뇨처리장으로부터의 오염물질 배출농도가 높아 인근 하천의 수질 및 수생태계에 큰 영향을 끼친다. 또한 강우시에는 축사주위에 축적되어 있던 각종 비점오염물질들이 강우유출수와 함께 유출되어 처리장 방류수와 함께 인근 하천의 주요 오염원으로 작용한다. 그러나 점오염원으로 배출되는 처리장의 배출수와 비점오염원 형태로 배출되는 강우유출수의 오염물질 유출특성이 달라 관리에 어려움을 겪고 있다. 본 연구에서는 축사지역의 점및 비점오염원의 특성을 분석하여 향후 가축분뇨 관리대책 수립에 필요한 기본자료를 제공하고자 한다. 연구대상지역은 10ha의 돈사 지역이며 모니터링은 2008년 10월부터 2011년 11월까지 3년동안 수행되었다. 입자상 물질 및 인의 배출농도는 비점오염원에서 높게 나타났으며, 유기물질 및 질소의 배출농도는 점오염원에서 높게 나타났다. 또한 비점오염원이 섞인 유출수에서는 TN/TP 비에 비해 낮은 BOD 농도를 보였다. 축사지역의 가축분뇨관리는 비점오염원에서의 입자상 물질 관리와 유기물질에 비해 높게 배출되는 점오염원의 영양염류 관리가 필요한 것으로 나타났다.