• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
• /
• 제26권2호
• /
• pp.110-116
• /
• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of study was to investigate the effects of combination patterns exercise of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) on unstable surfaces on pain, functional disability, and fear avoidance belief in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: Twenty four patients were assigned to either the experimental group (n=12) or the control group (n=12). Patients in the experimental group performed combination patterns exercise of PNF on unstable surfaces. Patients in the control group performed combination patterns exercise of PNF on stable surfaces. Both exercises were performed for five days per week, for a period of six weeks. Pain was measured by the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB). Functional disability was measured using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and Roland Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ). Fear avoidance belief was measured using the Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ). A paired t-test was used for determination of differences before and after treatment, and an independent t-test was used for determination of differences between treatment groups. Results: In within group comparison, the experimental group showed statistically significant difference for all variables (p<0.05). In comparison between two groups, the experimental group showed relatively greater significant difference for all variables (p<0.05). Conclusion: Based on such results, it can be said that combination patterns exercise of PNF on unstable surfaces has an effect on pain, functional disability, and fear avoidance belief in patients with chronic low back pain.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.10-16
• /
• 2003

To investigate the jet effect on circulation control, a segment of model was prepared and inserted horizontally across the test section of the cavitation tunnel. The hydrodynamic forces acting on the model were measured under the 2 dimensional flow behavior. Circulation flow control requires higher flow rate of water jet than boundary layer control does. Jet injection is effective in increasing lift coefficient and the increments reach to 160% in a certain combination of parameters such as an angle of attack, jet flow rate and flap angle. The blown water jet not only reduces form drag but also thrust effect, which is sometimes greater than the form drag in specific conditions.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국농업기계학회 2017년도 춘계공동학술대회
• /
• pp.110-110
• /
• 2017

Biological systems offer unique principles for the design and fabrication of engineering platforms (i.e., popularly known as "Biomimetics") for various applications in many fields. For example, the lotus leaves exhibit unique surfaces consisting of evenly distributed micro and nanostructures. These unique surfaces of lotus leaves have the ability of superhydrophobic property to avoid getting wet by the surrounding water (i.e., Lotus effect). Inspired by the surface topographies of lotus leaves, the artificial superhydrophobic surfaces were developed using various micro- and nanoengineering. Here, we propose new platforms that can control hydrophilic and hydrophobic property of surfaces by mimicking micro- and nanosurfaces of various natural leaves such as common camellia, hosta plantaginea, and lotus. Using capillary force lithography technology and polymers in combination with biomimetic design principle, the unique micro- and nanostructures mimicking natural surfaces of common camellia, hosta plantaginea, and lotus were designed and fabricated. We also demonstrated that the replicated polymeric surfaces had different hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties according to the mimicking the natural leaf surfaces, which could be used as a simple, but powerful methodology for design and fabrication of controlled hydrophilic and hydrophobic platforms for various applications in the field of agriculture and biological engineering.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.435-448
• /
• 2021

This study describes the depth and straight motion control performance depending on control surface combinations of a supercavitating underwater vehicle. When an underwater vehicle experiences supercavitation, friction resistance can be minimized, thus achieving the effect of super-high-speed driving. Six degrees of freedom modeling of the underwater vehicle are performed and the guidance and control loops are designed with not only a cavitator and an elevator, but also a rudder and a differential elevator to improve the stability of the roll and yaw axis. The control performance based on the combination of control surfaces is analyzed by the root-mean-square error for keeping depth and straight motion.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2008년도 제39회 하계학술대회
• /
• pp.1683-1684
• /
• 2008

In this paper, a hierarchical nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller (TSMC) for overhead crane system using nonsingular terminal sliding surface (NTSS) is proposed, which can drive the error to zero in a finite time. Here, singular problem of controller is solved by NTSS. In addition, the controller has the double layer structure because the system is divided into two hierarchical subsystems. In the first layer, the nonsingular terminal sliding surfaces are hierarchically designed for each subsystem, and in the second layer, the whole sliding surface is designed as the linear combination of nonsingular terminal sliding surfaces. The asymptotic stability of the system is verified by Lyapunov analysis. Finally, we carry out simulations on the overhead crane system to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control method.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.361-368
• /
• 2009

The efficacy of the combination of Burkholderia cepacia B23 with 0.75% chitosan and 3% calcium chloride ($CaCl_2$) as a biocontrol treatment of anthracnose disease of papaya caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, was evaluated during storage. The growth of B. cepacia B23 in papaya wounds and on fruit surfaces was not affected in presence of chitosan and $CaCl_2$ or combination throughout the storage period. The combination of B. cepacia B23 with chitosan-$CaCl_2$ was more effective in controlling the disease than either B. cepacia B23 or chitosan or other combination treatments both in inoculated and naturally infected fruits. Combining B. cepacia B23 with chitosan-$CaCl_2$ gave the complete control of anthracnose infection in artificially inoculated fruits stored at $14^{\circ}C$ and 95% RH for 18 days, which was similar to that obtained with fungicide $benocide^{(R)}$. Moreover, this combination offered a greater control by reducing 99% disease severity in naturally infected fruits at the end of 14 days storage at $14^{\circ}C$ and 95% RH and six days post ripening at $28\pm2^{\circ}C$, which was superior to that found with $benocide^{(R)}$ or other treatments tested. Thus, postharvest application of B. cepacia B23 with chitosan-$CaCl_2$ as enhancers represents a promising alternative to synthetic fungicides for the control of anthracnose in papaya during storage.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
• /
• 제34권6호
• /
• pp.659-665
• /
• 2010

본 논문에서는 4 족 보행로봇의 비평탄면 갤로핑 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 몸체의 균형은 지면접촉순간의 지면반발력에 의해 결정되므로 안정된 보행을 위해 발과 지면과의 접촉력을 제어하였다. 각 발의 지면접촉힘을 제어하기 위해 우선 요구되는 지면접촉힘을 결정하고 지면접촉구간에서 실제 접촉힘과 비교하고 그 차이에 따라 발의 궤적을 수정하게 된다. 요구되는 지면접촉력은 원하고자 하는 각운동량 및 선형운동량의 변화에 따라 결정되며, 각 발에 요구되는 접촉힘으로 퍼지로직에 의해 분배된다. 리커다인을 이용한 동역학 모델 시뮬레이션을 통해 본 논문에서 제안된 방법이 비평탄면에서의 안정적인 보행에 적합함을 검증하였다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
• /
• pp.91-91
• /
• 2012

We aim in synthesizing various functional thin films thinner than ~ 10 nm for environmental applications and photovoltaic devices. Atomic layer deposition is used for synthesizing inorganic thin films with a precise control of the film thickness. Several examples about application of our thin films for removing volatile organic compounds (VOC) will be highlighted, which are summarized in the below. 1) $TiO_2$ thin films prepared by ALD at low temperature ($<100^{\circ}C$) show high adsorption capacity for toluene. In combination with nanostructured templates, $TiO_2$ thin films can be used as building-block of high-performing VOC filter. 2) $TiO_2$ thin films on carbon fibers and nanodiamonds annealed at high temperatures are active for photocatalytic oxidation of VOCs, i.e. photocatalytic filter can be created by atomic layer deposition. 3) NiO can catalyze oxidation of toluene to $CO_2$ and $H_2O$ at $<300^{\circ}C$. $TiO_2$ thin films on NiO can reduce poisoning of NiO surfaces by reaction intermediates below $200^{\circ}C$. We also fabricated inverted organic solar cell based on ZnO electron collecting layers on ITO. $TiO_2$ thin films with a mean diameter less than 3 nm on ZnO can enhance photovoltaic performance by reducing electron-hole recombination on ZnO surfaces.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제6권7호
• /
• pp.1302-1311
• /
• 2003

본 논문에서는 삼각 메쉬에 관한 보다 안정되고 직관적인 새로운 다중해상도 메쉬 편집 기술을 제안한다. 본 논문의 기본 아이디어는 3차원 메쉬 상에서 편집 영역을 선택하여 2차원 영역으로 임베딩을 하는 과정과 사용자에 의해서 정의되는 편집 정보를 보간하는 곡면을 생성하는 과정으로 이루어지며, 이를 통해 편집 영역 안에 있는 다른 꼭지점의 변위 정보를 곡면 함수값으로부터 생성한다. 본 논문에서 사용되는 임베딩 방법은 확장 볼록 조합 매개변수화 방법으로서 임베딩된 2차원 메쉬의 삼각형들은 자기 교차를 하지 않으며 또한 볼록 조합 계수를 정의할 때 모양 유지 방법을 사용하기 때문에 3차원 삼각형의 모양을 제대로 유지할 수 있다. 또한 편집 결과의 영역을 조절할 수 있도록 하기 위하여 다단계 B-스플라인 곡면을 이용하여, 상호작용적이며 직관적이어서 보다 안정되고 효율적인 메쉬 편집 결과를 얻을 수 있다.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.155-180
• /
• 2006

Many applications in mechanical design involve elastic bodies coming into contact under the action of the applied load. The distribution of the contact pressure throughout the contact interface plays an important role in the performance of the contact system. In many applications, it is desirable to minimize the maximum contact pressure or to have an approximately uniform contact pressure distribution. Such requirements can be attained through a proper design of the initial surfaces of the contacting bodies. This problem involves a combination of two disciplines, contact mechanics and shape optimization. Therefore, the objective of the present paper is to develop an integrated procedure capable of evaluating the optimal shape of contacting bodies. The adaptive incremental convex programming method is adopted to solve the contact problem, while the augmented Lagrange multiplier method is used to control the shape optimization procedure. Further, to accommodate the manufacturing requirements, surface parameterization is considered. The proposed procedure is applied to a couple of problems, with different geometry and boundary conditions, to demonstrate the efficiency and versatility of the proposed procedure.