• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.44 no.6 s.360
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• pp.8-18
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• 2007

In this paper, a 4bit cell way structure of PoRAM and the sensing method to drive this structure are researched. PoRAM has a different operation from existing SRAM and DRAM. The operation is that when certain voltage is applied between top electrode and bottom electrode of PoRAM device we can classify the cell state by measuring cell current which is made by changing resistance of the cell. In the decoder selected by new-addressing method in the cell array, the row decoder is selected "High" and the column decoder is selected "Low" then certain current will flow to the bit-line. Because this current is detect, in order to make large enough current, the voltage sense amplifier is used. In this case, usually, 1-stage differential amplifier using current mirror is used. Furthermore, the detected value at the cell is current, so a diode connected NMOSFET, that is, a device resistor is used at the input port of the differential amplifier to converter current into voltage. Using this differential amplifier, we can classify the cell states, erase mode is "Low" and write mode is "High", by comparing the input value, Vin, that is a product of current value multiplied by resistor value with a reference voltage, Vref.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.7
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• pp.1-13
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• 1966

1) Three ${\beta}-1$, 4-mannanases were isolated from germinated guar bean through extraction, ammonium sulfate fractionation, column chromatography on cellulose derivatives and gel filltration on Sephadex G-100. They were designated as ${\beta}-1$, 4-mannanase A,B and C, respectively, in the order of isolation. 2) These enzymes were different in several aspects such as pH optimum, effect of metal ions, adsorbability on cellulose derivatives, molecular weight, Michaelis constant toward reduced ivory nut mannan A, mode of action and extent of hydrolysis of the mannan. 3) ${\beta}-1$, 4-Mannanases A and C were proposed to be two different endo-enzymes of random-splitting type producing a series of oligosaccharides from ${\beta}-1$, 4-mannans. ${\beta}-1$, 4-Mannanase B was suggested to be possibly an exe-type enzyme catalyzing a stepwise splitting from the non-reducing end of ${\beta}-1$, 4-mannans to produce mannose. 4) Guaran was subjected to hydrolysis by the purified enzymes and the consequence was discussed in connection with structural requirements of the enzymes toward substituted ${\beta}-1$, 4-mannans and their role in germinating guar seeds.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.195-201
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• 2014

In this study, face recognition system was designed based on polynomial Radial Basis Function Neural Networks(pRBFNNs) pattern classifier using 2-directional 2-dimensional principal component analysis algorithm. Existing one dimensional PCA leads to the reduction of dimension of image expressed by the multiplication of rows and columns. However $(2D)^2PCA$(2-Directional 2-Dimensional Principal Components Analysis) is conducted to reduce dimension to each row and column of image. and then the proposed intelligent pattern classifier evaluates performance using reduced images. The proposed pRBFNNs consist of three functional modules such as the condition part, the conclusion part, and the inference part. In the condition part of fuzzy rules, input space is partitioned with the aid of fuzzy c-means clustering. In the conclusion part of rules. the connection weight of RBFNNs is represented as the linear type of polynomial. The essential design parameters (including the number of inputs and fuzzification coefficient) of the networks are optimized by means of Differential Evolution. Using Yale and AT&T dataset widely used in face recognition, the recognition rate is obtained and evaluated. Additionally IC&CI Lab dataset is experimented with for performance evaluation.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.523-530
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• 2008

In structural design provision, maximum punching shear stress of slabs is prescribed as combined stress in direct shear occurred by gravity load and eccentric shear occurred by unbalanced moment. This means that the effect of unbalanced moment is considered to decide the punching shear stress. However, from the resistance capacity standpoint, the effect of unbalanced moment strength is not considered for deciding punching shear strength. In this paper, a model considering interrelation between unbalanced moment and punching shear was proposed. In the model, the relation between load effect and resistance capacity in unbalanced moment and punching shear was two-dimensionally expressed. Using the interrelation model, a method how unbalanced moment strength should be considered to decide the punching shear strength was proposed. Additionally, effective width enlargement factors for deciding the unbalanced moment strength of flat plates with shear reinforcements were proposed. The interrelation model proposed in this paper is very effective for the prediction of the behavior of slab-column connection because not only punching shear and unbalanced moment strengths but also failure modes of flat plates can be accurately predicted.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.5 no.5 s.21
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• pp.183-192
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• 2004

Even in Korea the number of steel structure buildings that allow internal space and easy change of their layouts in accordance with the purpose of buildings and box-type steel bridges constructed with thick plates with thickness in a rage just from a few $\beta$AE to \$100\beta$AE is increasing these days and therefore, domestic fabrication and processing technology of members for steel structures is being improved at a pace faster than in the past to meet the growing requirements of consumers for high reliability on quality control on the related steel structures. However, most domestic fabricators os steel structures who are turning out their steel products in accordance with the designs prepared by engineering companies in their respective works for the sake of cost cut more than anything else, hesitating to introduce any advanced new technology into themselves. In the case of the steel structure design application for small and mid-size buildings in particular, it is quite meaningful not only for those who are involved in steel structure business, but also for the people working at construction work fields to review the result of the study on the connections of steel structure members deigned to obtain superb quality of steel structures within short period for steel fabrication and erection at fields in economical ways, as there is a glowing tendency seeking standardization of connection of steel structure members as well as whole structure together with the development on design of construction system of buildings including their exterior and interior decoration materials, manufacture of the related members and fabrication technique structure. This paper has been prepared with the aim to review the peculiar characteristics of buildings constructed with the main frames of steel structures and actual cases of the change made ing the connections between steel structure columns and between columns and girder members in order to reduce the work period necessary for fabrication and erection of steel structures at the maximum as well as the some examples of steel structures fabricated through automatic welding by robots for box-type columns in addition to the description of the problems found in the course of fabricating those steel structures, suggesting possible counter-measures to solve them.