• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제33권
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• pp.210-255
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• 2000

This study aims to classify the framework and arrangement of interior columns (Naeju) which are used in single-story Buddhist halls into several types, and to develop a theory on the process of changes among those types. Since interior columns are building materials which hold up the roof structure and make partitions in the interior space of halls, their framework and arrangement is closely linked to the development of building technology and is expected to reflect new architectural needs. The kinds of interior columns classified by the shape of framework are goju, chaduju, oepyonju, naepyonju. The arrangement of interior columns can he classified by two methods: One which counts the number of the interior column arrangements in a hall, and the other whose classification relates with the side wall columns - Jeongchibup and yijubup. With the combination of these classifications, we can divide the framework and arrangement of interior columns into 8 types From the remains of Korean and Chinese Architecture, we can presume that before the late-Goryo period, jeongchibup had always been applied in the construction of Buddhist halls, and gamju(column reducing) had only been used in examples of small scale. After the founding of Choseon Kingdom, however, national policy had weakened the economic power of Buddhist temples. Because of that, large-scale outdoor Buddhist mass was replaced by small-scale indoor mass, and for this reason, though the scale of Buddhist halls became smaller, the need for a broad interior space became stronger. Thus in early-Choseon period, reduction of interior columns became widely spread. Those types of framework and arrangement of interior columns where yijubup was applied were developed because the rear interior columns arrangements, in order to expand the interior space, have moved backward. Among these types, yiju-goju and yiju-chaduju were developed for the Buddhist halls with paljak roof(hipped-gabled roof), where the load of their side eaves caused structural problems at the side walls. And oepyonju type was for the small-scale and middle-scale Buddhist halls which needed more interior space but didn't want the extension of roof structure. From the local and periodic distribution of each types, we can conclude that the types jeongchi-goju, jeongchi-chaduju and yiju-chaduju have been settled as typical technique of local carpenters. Oepyonju was developed later than the other types, but for its merit of low cost, it became a popular type across the nation.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-26
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• 1998

The structure of the magnetic funnel element in the intermediate polar is con-sidered in terms of an important site for the X-ray absorption and the reemis-sion of the X-ray as the optical light. In this paper the column density and the optiacl depth vary with the filling factor, which is introduced to characterize the structure of matter in the magnetic funnel element. The results of the en-ergy dopendence of the X-ray spectrum and the modulation depth of the X-ray light curve are discussed.

• 한국해양공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양공학회 2001년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.128-131
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate the application of Column Jet Method(CJM) as countermeasure against settlement and slope sliding of existing marine structure due to embankment load behind reclaimed revetment. CJM is to make high-strengthened body by compacting and grouting cement mortar after forming artificial space in the ground with ground relaxition machine or high pressure water jetting. Before the ground was reinforced by CJM, the result of slope stability analysis was not satisfy the allowable safe ratio, but after the ground was reinforced by CJM, the stability of slope was over the allowable safe ratio and stable, Therefor, the application of CJM to restraint settlement and sliding of marine structure was very satisfactory.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1986년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집; 한국과학기술대학, 충남; 17-18 Oct. 1986
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• pp.238-243
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• 1986

Distillation columns are widely used in almost every chemical plant. The use of multivariable control for such units is attractive because of the strong interactions exhibited between outputs and inputs and the desire to control simultaneously both top and bottom products. In this research design of a robust multivariable controller for distillation column was considered; output feedback controller with proportional and integral modes was designed using pole assignment. The transfer function matrix was obtained by fitting the step response realtions between single input double output pairs of variables. This matrix was then converted to linear time invariant state space model by multivariable realization technique. With the proposed multivariable proportional and integral controller applied to the process, the result of the digital computer simulation showed a good performance of asymtotic tracking. The limited experimental performance of this multivariable control was compared with the result from simulation. It was found that the proposed controller performed satisfactorily for the distillation column which separated binary mixture of methanol and water.

• 한국공간구조학회논문집
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2015

To overcome the weakness of spread foundation in large space structure, the research of precast pile for replace spread foundation have been conducted. The new type of joint between PHC pile and steel column is named HAT Joint(Hollow hAlf-sphere cast-sTeel Joint). It connected PHC Pile by bolt that verification of bolt connection should be accomplished. In this paper, pull-out test and flexural performance for HAT Joint to verifying the bolt connection is explained. As a result, the pull-out and flexural capacities of bolt were checked to use in real structure. Furthermore, the equation of pull-out strength was proposed.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2002년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1041-1044
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• 2002

Inchworm linear motor is one of the ultra precision position apparatuses and has many kinds of forms and structures according to the conditions of working space and range. In this paper, the Inchworm linear motor consists of three PZTs(Piezo-electric transducer), three columns ma two plates. finite element method was used to determine the type or hinges installed in column of inchworm linear motor DOE(Design of experiment) was used to determine the optimal design condition of a column by comparing the von-mises stresses according to the change of thickness of hinge, round of hinge, height of arm, angle of v-notch, round of v-notch and thickness of column. From the result, round of hinge, height of arm and thickness of hinge were determined a effective design parameters.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2006

초고층건물에서 발생하는 부등축소량은 기둥과 코어를 연결하는 보와 슬래브에서의 부가응력을 유발하거나 파티션과 커튼월의 균열과 같은 문제 등을 유발하므로, 부등축소량의 영향을 최소화하기 위해 기둥축소량의 예측 및 보정이 정확히 이루어져야 하며, 구조안전성과 사용성의 관점에서 시간변화에 따른 초고층건물 기둥축소량의 정확한 예측이 필요하다. 기둥축소량에 영향을 주는 콘크리트의 재료물성치 중 콘크리트강도, 크리프계수, 건조수축계수 등의 변동성을 고려하여 확률론적 해석을 이용한 기둥축소량 예측을 하여야 한다. 본 논문에서는 41층 초고층 내력벽식 구조물을 예제로 하여 몬테카를로 기법을 이용한 확률론적 축소량을 구하고 축소량의 분포도를 조사하여 신뢰수준별 기둥축소량을 분석하였다. 초고층 내력벽식 구조물예제에서 현장계측된 변형값은 해석에 의한 결과값보다 전체적으로 작으며, 확률론적으로 신뢰구간 ${\mu}-1.645{\sigma}$(신뢰수준 90.0% 하한치)이내의 값을 나타내었다.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.73-86
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to prove the correlations among various factors what determined to formation of front elevation proportion system through making an actual survey and investigating. According to the analysis of them, we make conclusions as follows; 1, On the assumption that average distance of 1Kan(間) is 1, the height of foundation is 0.21, the height of floor from foundation is 0.24, the height of normal column from floor is 0.85, the height of eaves from foundation is 1.10. 2. Southeast faced buildings are wider than southwest faced buildings in the distance of 1Kan (間) in the range of $110{sim}220mm$. The height of foundation and floor in the southeast faced buildings are higher than those in southwest faced buildings beside the height of normal column, eaves, high column in the southwest faced buildings are higher than those in southeast faced buildings. 3. As number of front Kan(間) increases, the distance of 1Kan(間) decrease and the height of eaves and high column(高柱) increases. This is cause of making a maximum needed inner space by increasing the distance of 1Kan(間). This is an wisdom for living from ancestors. 4. As number of Dori(道里) increases, the distances of 1Kan are nearly same but the height of eaves and high column(高柱) increases about 300mm, This is a natural result from an increasing of building scale. 5. The distance of 1Kan(間) in later 19C building is most wide but, the unit heights are minimal average values at year 1900 as a reference mark. After this, the height of normal column, eaves, high column are higher about $170{sim}330mm$. 6. The number of Kan in front elevation, Dori(道里), and direction of building have correlations each other in proportion system of traditional housing An-Chae with significant level, p<0.05.

• 천문학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.191-215
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• 1991

We have compared the column densities of $H_2CO$, $^{13}CO$, $C^{18}O$, $^{12}CO$, CS, and $HCO^+$ to the visual extinctions derived from star counts in eight dark clouds, L1317, B1, L1551, L1535, L1544, L134, L134N, and B335. We examined the degree of correlation between molecules and extinctions. The contours of $^{13}CO$, $H_2CO$, and CS distributions show an excellent coincidence with those of the visual extinction. Even though the plots of molecule brightness temperature or column density as a function of the visual extinction show a considerable scatter, a good correlation is found between the two quantities. The turnover of the ratios of $^{13}CO$ and $H_2CO$ column densities to the visual extinction at high extinctions observed in several clouds is not apparent in this work. The ratios seem to maintain constant values within the range of $A_V$ we studied. The slopes of the relations between the molecule column density and extinction, and the threshold values of extinction for detection of molecules are comparable to the other works. The cause of the slope difference is discussed. We derived, for the first time, the relations of CS and $HCO^+$ column densities and the visual extinction. The ratio of CS column density to extinction is at least two orders of magnitude lower than the mean value for $^{13}CO$, but the threshold for detection of CS is comparable to that of $^{13}CO$. The ratio of the $HCO^+$ column density to extinction is one to two orders of magnitude lower than the mean ratio for $H_2CO$.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.393-401
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• 2013

대부분의 기존 데이터베이스들은 빠른 저장 성능을 얻기 위하여 한 레코드의 속성들을 하드 디스크에 연속적으로 배치하는 레코드-지향 저장 모델을 사용하였다. 하지만 검색이 대부분인 데이터웨어하우스 시스템에는 월등한 읽기 성능 때문에 컬럼-지향 저장 방식이 적합한 모델이 되고 있다. 또한, 현재 플래시 메모리가 고속 데이터베이스 시스템을 위한 선호 저장 매체로 인정되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 고속 컬럼-지향 데이터베이스 모델을 도입하고, 고속 컬럼-지향 데이터웨어하우스 시스템을 위한 컬럼-인지 인덱스 관리 기법을 제안한다. 본 인덱스 관리 기법은 개선된 B트리에 기반하며, 중간 노드와 리프노드에서 내장 플래시 인덱스와 빈공간 압축을 통하여 높은 검색 성능을 얻는다. 성능 평가 결과를 기반으로 본 인덱스 관리 기법이 기존 기법보다 검색 처리 및 응답 시간 측면에서 더 우수함을 확인하였다.