• Resources Recycling
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• v.14 no.6 s.68
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• pp.10-15
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• 2005

In this study, the separation of samarium to neodymium with Karr column was investigated. Separation properties of Sm/Nd binary system was estimated with experimental parameters such as flow rate, initial pH of aqueous phase, saponification of PC88A in organic phase and agitation speed. The extraction rate and distribution coefficient increased with increasing initial pH of aqueous phase at 16.5 ml/min(retention time 10 minute) of flow rate of organic and aqueous phase, and equilibrium pH of aqueous phase after extraction was maintained at 1.5 by saponified PC88A. Also, the extraction rate and distribution coefficient were drastically increased with increasing saponification degree of PC88A and agitation speed, and optimal saponification degree was $40\%$. Extraction rate of Nd and Sm was $19.6\%$ and $72.5\%$ respectively at retention time 10 minute, initial pH 1, saponification degree $40\%$ and agitation speed 120 rpm.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.373-377
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• 2009

Safflower seed extract was prepared by a high-pressure extraction technology and its quality characteristics were compared to that of other conventional extraction techniques, such ultrasonic and reflux extractions. Safflower seeds were extracted with 80% aqueous ethanol by three above extraction methods, and further fractionated with Diaion HP-20 column chromatography to obtain a partially purified safflower seed extract (PPSSE). Among the three extraction techniques examined, the reflux extraction showed the higher yields of EtOH extract and PPE than the ultrasonic and high-pressure extractions. Levels of most phenolic compounds in the EtOH extract of safflower seed are higher in reflux and ultrasonic extractions than the high pressure extraction, but levels of two serotonin aglycones, N-(p-coumaroyl)serotonin (CS) and N-feruloylserotonin (FS), in PPSSE were higher in the high pressure extraction than the reflux and ultrasonic extractions. In addition, color values (L and a) of the PPSSE were higher in the high-pressure extraction than the reflux and ultrasonic extractions, although there were no significant differences in pH and UV maxima absorption spectra among three extraction techniques. These results indicate that the high-pressure extraction technology is a simple and effective extraction for preparation of a high quality of safflower seed extract containing CS and FS with anti-wrinkle activity.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.39-45
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• 2010

In order to treat paddy soils contaminated by Pb, Cd, and As near the abandoned mine, $H_2PO_4$ was used for stabilization of Pb ($PO_4$/Pb mole ratio of 2/1). In addition, $CaCO_3$ and $FeSO_4$ were used as stabilizers for treating Cd and As (2% w/w), respectively. Leaching tests were conducted with artificial rain in the column to assess the heavy metal stabilization efficiency. The mass of heavy metals in the effluents passed through the columns were analyzed. The remaining heavy metals in the soils were also analyzed as Korean soil standard method, phytoavailability test and sequential extraction test. Lead in the effluent was not detected when $H_2PO_4$ was used as a stabilizer. This result suggests that $H_2PO_4$ is efficient for Pb stabilization. In addition results of sequential extraction scheme suggest that heavy metals are present as residual forms which is not easily extracted.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.327-348
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• 2013

An Oscillating Water Column (OWC) is a relatively practical and convenient device that converts wave energy to a usable form, which is electricity. The OWC is kept inside a fixed truncated vertical cylinder, which is a hollow structure with one open end submerged in the water and with an air turbine at the top. This research adopts potential theory and Galerkin methods to solve the fluid motion inside the OWC. Using an air-water interaction model, OWC design for energy extraction from regular wave is also explored. The hydrodynamic coefficients of the scattering and radiation potentials are solved for using the Galerkin approximation. The numerical results for the free surface elevation have been verified by a series of experiments conducted in the University of New Orleans towing tank. The effect of varying geometric parameters on the response amplitude operator (RAO) of the OWC is studied and modification of the equation for evaluating the natural frequency of the OWC is made. Using the model of air-water interaction under certain wave parameters and OWC geometric parameters, a computer program is developed to calculate the energy output from the system.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.244-249
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• 1987

Liquid-solid extraction technique was applied to enrich volatile free acids (VFAs) from aqueous matrices. Chromosorb P was found to be an efficient solid sorbent. The unionized VFAs could be quantitatively recovered from the Chromosorb P column with ether while interfering watermiscible components were retained in the adsorbed water on the surface of Chromosorb P. The method of simple and efficient isolation-enrichment of VFAs, followed by the quantitative analysis employing stainless steel capillary column coated with Carbowax 20M containing phosphoric acid has been applied to the determination of VFAs in several aqueous samples.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.72-80
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• 2000

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of Pasteurella multocida (P multocida) and several Gram-negative bacterial pathogens were analyzed by methanolysis, trifluoroacetylation and gas chromatography (GC) on a fused-silica capillary column. The GC analysis indicated that LPS prepared from a strain of P multocida by phenol-water (PW) or trichloroacetic acid (TCA) extraction were quite different in chemical composition. However, LPS prepared from Salmonella enteritidis by the two extraction methods were very similar. PW-LPS extracts from different Pasteurella strains of a serotype had essentially identical GC patterns. Endotoxic LPS extracted from 16 different serotypes of P multocida by PW or by phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether procedures yielded chromatograms indicating similar composition of the fatty acid moieties but minor differences in carbohydrate content. When the chemical composition of endotoxic LPS extracted from several Gram-negative bacteria (P multocida, Pasteurella hacmolytica, Haemophilus somnus, Actinobacillus ligniersii, Brucella abortus, Treponema hyodysenteriae, Escherichia coli, Bacteriodes fragilis, Salmonella abortus equi and Salmonella enteritidis) were examined, each bacteria showed a unique GC pattern. The carbohydrate constituents in LPS of various Gram-negative bacteria were quite variable not only in the O-specific polysaccharides but also in the core polysaccharides. The LPS of closely related bacteria shared more fatty acid constituents with each other than with unrelated bacteria.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.448-450
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• 2002

DNA samples extracted from Japanese cypress leaf tissues contain isopropyl alcohol-precipitable, high molecular weight compounds, which interfere ELISA for cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPD). Removal of the compounds is achieved by DEAE ion-exchange column chromatography and improves the ELISA responses of the DNA. When extracting DNA repeatedly from the same leaf tissues, the DNA samples show CPD responses which increase with the order in sequential extraction, and hence for a reliable detennination of DNA lesion a thorough extraction of DNA is required. Clearing these two problems it was demonstrated that CPD level was slightly higher in the leaves of trees growing under full sunlight than in those growing under UBV -cut sunlight.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.392-397
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• 2002

A simple and sensitive high performance liquid chromatographic method to quantitate ursodeoxycholic acid in crude drug pharmaceuticals was investigated. Ursodeoxycholic acid react with 2-bromoacetyl-6-methoxynaphthalene (Br-AMN) in the presence of triethylamine to form highly fluorescent derivative. The derivatization procedure was performed at 7$0^{\circ}C$ and completed within 30 min. The optimal wavelength of the fluorescence detector are λ$_{ex}$=300 nm and λ$_{em}$ = 460 nm. The LOD of the ursodeoxycholic acid was 25 ng/mι based on the S/N =3, and the LOQ was 80 ng/mι based on S/N = 10. Crude drug pharmaceuticals pretreated by solid phase extraction (Sep-pak $C_{18}$ cartridge) which were shown very good separation and recovery values for the compound.d.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2004.02a
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• pp.182-190
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• 2004

An unique extraction chromatographic column (TOA: Tri-n-octylamine on Teflon powder) with a two-stage sample loading was prepared to separate Np and Pu from the environmental matrix. Np and Pu were efficiently retained in 4 M $HNO_3$ medium on the column and easily eluted with 0.02 M oxalic acid in 0.16 M HNO$_3$at $95^{\circ}C$. The separated solutions were free from most of the matrix elements and were aspirated into the ICP-MS directly. The decontamination factor for 238U is more than 104. The instrumental detection limit for 237Np was 0.46 pg mL-l ($1.2{\times}10_{-5}$Bq mL-l), and for 239Pu was 0.48 pg mL-l ($1.1{\times}10_{-3}$ Bq mL-l). The feasibility for the determination of both elements was proved by analysing IAEA-135 reference samples, the measured values agreed with the recommended reference value.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.229-235
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• 1995

The surface tension-decreasing biosurfactant was purified from Rhodotorula muciloginosa G-1. The purification procedure was the solvent extraction of culture broth. To ensure complete extraction, the sample was extracted twice with equal volume of ethylacetate. The crude solution was washed with n-hexane to remove unconsumed soybean oil. The crude sample of biosurfactant was applied to Silica gel column chromatography equilibrated with chloroform, and eluted with chloroform : methanol gradient. Serveral solvent system was used to developed the thin layer chromatography (TLC). The purified biosurfactant sample gave one spot (Rf 0.78). It was estimated that biosurfactant was glycolipid about having M.W.1,500 with standard of polyethyleneglycol by Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography.