• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.318-335
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• 2010

This study is to enhance the competitiveness of the domestic cosmetic industry and provide basic materials needed for a design idea by analyzing perfume bottles designed by Rene Lalique. The methods of this study are documentary research and demonstrative research. The documentary research considered the theoretical background with a focus on related domestic and international literature, previous research, and Internet materials. The demonstrative research extracted photo materials of the bottle designs of Lalique from domestic and international web sites along with literature that classified them into shapes, colors, materials, and patterns that analyzed the general characteristics and chronologic changes. The results of this study are as follows. The curve-oriented shape was common and multi-colors were used more frequently than a single color in the 1910's. Colorless-transparent glass and a flower patterns were used frequently for materials and patterns, respectively. Lalique reflects this style in his bottle designs because the Art Nouveau effect in the 1910's. In the 1920's, curved and straight shapes had a similar percentage. The use of multi-colors and one type of glass bottle increased versus the 1910's. Similar to the 1910's, a flower pattern was used most frequently. This suggests that Lalique was influenced by the established Art Nouveau and was also interested in the Art Deco style, In the 1930's, an organic curved shape was common. Unlike the 1910's and 1920's, a single color was more common than multi-colors. The one type of glass bottle and a geometric pattern were common for materials and patterns, respectively. The Art Deco style was reflected in the bottle design of Lalique in the 1930's.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.10
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• pp.2227-2232
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• 2009

Novel polythiol materials of urethane lens series for plastic optical lens were synthesized from polyol materials via thioisouronium of thiourea with c-HCl in refluxing aqueous solution, in which polythiol material was carried out from hydrolysis of thioisouronium by ammonia water. Their structure properties were identified by EA, EI-MS, FT-IR, $^1H\;and\;^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopies and TGA. Their ophthalmic lenses as polythiourethane material were prepared by thermal curing to an injected glass mold using the evenly solutions of diisocyanates series (TDI, XDI, HDI or IPDI) with polythiols. Polythiourethane shows that the strong stretching mode for SH group of polythiol disappeared in FT-IR spectra after thermosetting polymerization. Thermal deformation starting temperature of ophthalmic lenses was determined by TMA. Ophthalmic lenses made from characteristic polythiol and diisocyanate series have transparency, colorless and good impact strength, in which thermal resistance and impact strength of ophthalmic lenses were influenced by diisocyanate series. Physical properties of ophthalmic lens have contrast thermal resistance with impact strength. The property of thermal resistance and impact strength for respective ophthalmic lenses was examined by TMA and drop ball test.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.50-52
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• 2003

The powdery mildew of Phlox (Phlox paniculata) extensively occurred in the experimental farm of Cheongam-myon, Hadong-gun, Gyeongnam province in 2002. Both sides of the leaves and stems were covered with the white fungal spores and mycelia, and then the leaves became brown to dark brown in color, eventually died. The conidiophores on the lesion were observed. Conidia were cylindric in shape, colorless, $25.3{\sim}49.4{\times}12.3{\sim}17.2{\mu}m$ in size and borne singly on conidiophore. Fibrosin bodies were not observed. Conidiophores were straight with 2-4 cylindric cells, and $65.7{\sim}124.8{\mu}m$ in size. Appressoria were lobed. Cleistothecia were not formed. This is the first report on powdery mildew of Phlox caused by Oidium sp. in Korea.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.436-441
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• 2014

We have demonstrated an amplified wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) passive optical network (PON) by using broadband light source (BLS) seeded optical sources and chirped fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) based dispersion compensators. Chirped FBGs located at central office (CO) were fabricated and used as channel-by-channel dispersion compensators in order to mitigate the dispersion-induced distortion of both downstream and upstream signals. Owing to a low insertion loss of chirped FBG based dispersion compensator, the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of the downstream signal could be improved to be ~28 dB. Thus, we re-confirmed that an error-free transmission of 1.25 Gb/s signals over a 100 km single-mode fiber (SMF) link could be achieved with a proposed amplified WDM-PON architecture. We have also evaluated the impact of various noises on the system's performance, and found that the low OSNR of the downstream signal would be a main limiting factor on the maximum reach of the proposed amplified WDM-PON architecture. From the measured ~13 dB improvement in OSNR of the downstream signal compared to our previously-proposed dispersion compensating module based scheme, we believe that the proposed architecture can accommodate a reach of longer than 100 km SMF link easily.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.231-238
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• 2004

The conditions are obtained for the decomposition of solid radioactive wastes, including ion exchange resin, zeolite, charcoal, and sludge from nuclear power plant. In the process of decomposing the radioactive wastes was used the microwave acid digestion method with mixed acid. The solution after acid digestion by the following method was colorless and transparent. Each solution was analyzed with ICP-AES and AAS and the recovery yield for 5 different elements added into the simulated radioactive wastes were over $94{\%}$. The elemental analysis of destructive low and medium level radioactive wastes by the proposed microwave acid digestion conditions concerning the chemical characteristics of each radioactive waste are expected to be useful basic data for development of optimal glass formulation.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.143-148
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• 2004

Brown color intensity has been a major factor to estimate the quality of red ginseng and its products. This study deals with the relationship between the browning reaction of ginseng root and two compounds, arginyl-fructosyl-glucose(Arg-fru-glc) and arginyl-fructose (Arg-fru), in the model system of steaming and heat-drying processes for the preparation of red ginseng. During the steaming process, a marked decrease of starch and a considerable formation of maltose occurred in main roots of raw ginseng, but the formation of glucose was scarcely observed. After the heat-drying process, the brown color intensity of the powdered preparation of steamed main roots was 3 to 4 times higher than that of the powdered preparation of raw main roots. Also, when the heat- drying process was done with the addition of L-arginine, brown color intensity of the powdered preparation of steamed main roots was 12 to 13 times higher than that of the powdered preparation of raw main roots. The amount ratios of browning reaction products formed from sugar compounds and amino acids in the model system of steaming and heat-drying treatments in vitro were in order of xylose > glucose > fructose > maltose > dextrin (DE 9) > sucrose > dextrin (DE 8) and soluble starch. Each solution of Arg-fru-glc and Arg-fru that were synthesized chemically from maltose plus L-arginine and glucose plus L-arginine, respectively, changed from colorless to brown color during the heat-drying treatment. Amino acids or sugars were effective on the acceleration of each browning reaction of Arg-fru-gIc and Arg-fru during the heat-drying treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 1993

The eletrochemical behavior of light lanthanide complexes has been investigated by several electrochemical techniques in alkaline solutions. The composition of the complexes was determined by spectrophotometric method to be 1 : 1 and reduction mechanism was two steps 1 electron transfer reaction. The half wave potential of first peak depended on pH and cathodic current showed remarkably adsorptive properties. The results of DC and CV investigation demonstrated the quise-reversible nature of the electron transfer. The anion radical formed after first one electron reduction process, dimerizes to form dimer. The apparent irreversible behavior of the second wave is a result of the existence of a fast protonation following the second electron transfer. An exhaustive electrolysis was carried out at controlled potential of -1.80 V, deep blue color of the solution became progressively weaker, and then the solution became colorless solution. The final product of an exhaustive electrolysis is electro-inactive. The appearance of four steps may be explained by the fact the reduction of Ln-OCP elucidated ECEC mechanism.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.888-893
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• 2016

In this study, the solution plasma process was utilized with the aim of degrading synthetic dyes in water at atmospheric pressure. The experiments were conducted in a batch-type reactor consisting of a symmetric wire-wire electrode configuration with rhodamine B (RhB) as the target synthetic dye. The effects of the plasma treatment time and initial dye concentration on the RhB degradation were investigated by monitoring the change in absorbance of RhB solutions. The RhB solutions turned lighter in color and finally colorless with prolonged plasma treatment time, indicating the destruction of dye molecules. The RhB solutions were found to have degraded, following the first-order kinetic process. However, for high initial RhB concentrations, another kinetic process or factor seems to play a dominant role at the initial degradation stage. The fitted first-order rate constant decreased as the initial concentration increased. This result suggests that the degradation behavior and kinetic process of the RhB solution strongly depends on its initial concentration. The RhB degradation is considered to be due to a combination of factors, including the formation of chemically oxidative species, as well as the emission of intense UV radiation and high-energy electrons from the plasma. We believe that the solution plasma process may prove to be an effective and environment-friendly method for the degradation or remediation of synthetic dye in wastewater.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.173-177
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• 2015

An unrecorded variety, Viola betonicifolia var. albescens (Nakai) F. Maek. & T. Hashim., was reported from Jeonju, Imsil, and Jinan in Jeollabukdo province, Korea. Viola betonicifolia var. albescens shares several characteristics with its related species V. patrinii Ging. (i.e., white flowers, long triangular blades, winged petioles, green pedicels, and a rounded sepal appendage), but is distinct from V. patrinii, which has a glabrous winged petiole, colorless upper petals, glabrous upper petals, and higher elevation habitats, in that it has a pubescent winged petiole, striate-colored upper petals, bearded upper petals, and lower elevation habitats. It is also distinguished from V. lactiflora Nakai, which has glabrous wingless petioles, red pedicels, and a toothed sepal appendage.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.50-57
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• 1974

A practical method applicable to the synthesis of aromatic dihydrazines was proposed by reducing tetrazonium salt in strong mineral acid media. By diazotizing p-phenylenediamine with sodium nitrite in a medium of concentrated hydrochloric acid or 45 % perchloric acid at $-5 {\sim} -10{\circ}C$ and reducing the tetrazonium salt with stannous chloride, p-phenylenedihydrazine (PPDH) was separated in the form of hydrochloride as colorless fine needles. Since PPDH was subject to oxidation and unstable, the free base could not be isolated. PPDH${\cdot}$2HCl was decomposed at $^180{\circ}C$ without showing sharp melting point. It behaved largely as aromatic monohydrazines, and reacted immediately with aldehydes and ketones in acetate buffer, giving generally yellow to brownish condensation products, dihydrazones. This suggests that PPDH will react with dicarbonyl compounds producing high molecular polymers or cyclization products.