• 한국의류학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.318-335
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• 2010

This study is to enhance the competitiveness of the domestic cosmetic industry and provide basic materials needed for a design idea by analyzing perfume bottles designed by Rene Lalique. The methods of this study are documentary research and demonstrative research. The documentary research considered the theoretical background with a focus on related domestic and international literature, previous research, and Internet materials. The demonstrative research extracted photo materials of the bottle designs of Lalique from domestic and international web sites along with literature that classified them into shapes, colors, materials, and patterns that analyzed the general characteristics and chronologic changes. The results of this study are as follows. The curve-oriented shape was common and multi-colors were used more frequently than a single color in the 1910's. Colorless-transparent glass and a flower patterns were used frequently for materials and patterns, respectively. Lalique reflects this style in his bottle designs because the Art Nouveau effect in the 1910's. In the 1920's, curved and straight shapes had a similar percentage. The use of multi-colors and one type of glass bottle increased versus the 1910's. Similar to the 1910's, a flower pattern was used most frequently. This suggests that Lalique was influenced by the established Art Nouveau and was also interested in the Art Deco style, In the 1930's, an organic curved shape was common. Unlike the 1910's and 1920's, a single color was more common than multi-colors. The one type of glass bottle and a geometric pattern were common for materials and patterns, respectively. The Art Deco style was reflected in the bottle design of Lalique in the 1930's.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권10호
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• pp.2227-2232
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• 2009

Novel polythiol materials of urethane lens series for plastic optical lens were synthesized from polyol materials via thioisouronium of thiourea with c-HCl in refluxing aqueous solution, in which polythiol material was carried out from hydrolysis of thioisouronium by ammonia water. Their structure properties were identified by EA, EI-MS, FT-IR, $^1H\;and\;^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopies and TGA. Their ophthalmic lenses as polythiourethane material were prepared by thermal curing to an injected glass mold using the evenly solutions of diisocyanates series (TDI, XDI, HDI or IPDI) with polythiols. Polythiourethane shows that the strong stretching mode for SH group of polythiol disappeared in FT-IR spectra after thermosetting polymerization. Thermal deformation starting temperature of ophthalmic lenses was determined by TMA. Ophthalmic lenses made from characteristic polythiol and diisocyanate series have transparency, colorless and good impact strength, in which thermal resistance and impact strength of ophthalmic lenses were influenced by diisocyanate series. Physical properties of ophthalmic lens have contrast thermal resistance with impact strength. The property of thermal resistance and impact strength for respective ophthalmic lenses was examined by TMA and drop ball test.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.50-52
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• 2003

2002년 경남 하동군 청암면 풀협죽도에서 흰가루병이 심하게 발생하였다. 병징은 잎과 줄기등 식물체 전부분에 발생을 하며 병든 잎에 전형적인 흰가루 모양의 균총이 많이 형성하고, 심하게 진전될 경우 잎이 황화되고 갈색 또는 암갈색으로 말라죽었다. 병반부에 분생포자, 분생자병이 많이 형성되었다. 분생포자는 분생자병의 끝에 단상으로 형성되고 원통형의 무색, 단포였다. 크기는 $24{\sim}39{\times}12{\sim}23{\mu}m$이며, fibrosin body는 없었다. 분생자병은 $2{\sim}4$개의 격막으로 되어있고 크기는 $112{\sim}225{\mu}m$었다. 부착기는 가느다란 실모양이었다. 병반부에서 자낭각은 관찰되지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 본 병원균은 Oidium sp.에 의한 풀협죽도 흰가루병으로 동정되었으며 국내에서 처음 확인된 새로운 병으로 보고한다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.436-441
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• 2014

We have demonstrated an amplified wavelength-division multiplexed (WDM) passive optical network (PON) by using broadband light source (BLS) seeded optical sources and chirped fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) based dispersion compensators. Chirped FBGs located at central office (CO) were fabricated and used as channel-by-channel dispersion compensators in order to mitigate the dispersion-induced distortion of both downstream and upstream signals. Owing to a low insertion loss of chirped FBG based dispersion compensator, the optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) of the downstream signal could be improved to be ~28 dB. Thus, we re-confirmed that an error-free transmission of 1.25 Gb/s signals over a 100 km single-mode fiber (SMF) link could be achieved with a proposed amplified WDM-PON architecture. We have also evaluated the impact of various noises on the system's performance, and found that the low OSNR of the downstream signal would be a main limiting factor on the maximum reach of the proposed amplified WDM-PON architecture. From the measured ~13 dB improvement in OSNR of the downstream signal compared to our previously-proposed dispersion compensating module based scheme, we believe that the proposed architecture can accommodate a reach of longer than 100 km SMF link easily.

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2004

원자력 발전소에서 발생하는 고체 방사성 폐기물인 이온교환수지, 제올라이트, 활성탄 및 슬러지 에 포함된 성분 원소 분석을 위한 산분해 조건을 확립하였다. 방사성 폐기물의 분해 에는 흔합산을 이용한 밀폐형 극초단파 산분해법을 사용하였으며, 제안한 방법에 따른 산분해 후의 용액은 맑고 색이 없는 투명한 상태임을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 산분해 과정을 거친 각각의 용액 시료는 ICP-AES와 AAS를 사용하여 분석하였고, 모의 방사성 폐기물에 첨가한 5종의 금속 원소들은 $94{\%}$ 이상의 높은 회수율을 보여주었다. 화학적 특성을 고려하여 제안된 산분해 조건에 의해 용액화된 중${\cdot}$저준위 방사성 폐기물의 성분 원소 분석은 최적의 유리화 기술 개발을 위한 기초 자료로 유용하게 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2004

Brown color intensity has been a major factor to estimate the quality of red ginseng and its products. This study deals with the relationship between the browning reaction of ginseng root and two compounds, arginyl-fructosyl-glucose(Arg-fru-glc) and arginyl-fructose (Arg-fru), in the model system of steaming and heat-drying processes for the preparation of red ginseng. During the steaming process, a marked decrease of starch and a considerable formation of maltose occurred in main roots of raw ginseng, but the formation of glucose was scarcely observed. After the heat-drying process, the brown color intensity of the powdered preparation of steamed main roots was 3 to 4 times higher than that of the powdered preparation of raw main roots. Also, when the heat- drying process was done with the addition of L-arginine, brown color intensity of the powdered preparation of steamed main roots was 12 to 13 times higher than that of the powdered preparation of raw main roots. The amount ratios of browning reaction products formed from sugar compounds and amino acids in the model system of steaming and heat-drying treatments in vitro were in order of xylose > glucose > fructose > maltose > dextrin (DE 9) > sucrose > dextrin (DE 8) and soluble starch. Each solution of Arg-fru-glc and Arg-fru that were synthesized chemically from maltose plus L-arginine and glucose plus L-arginine, respectively, changed from colorless to brown color during the heat-drying treatment. Amino acids or sugars were effective on the acceleration of each browning reaction of Arg-fru-gIc and Arg-fru during the heat-drying treatment.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.83-91
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• 1993

염기성 용액에서 가벼운 란탄족 원소 착물의 전기화학적 거동을 직류(DC), 펄스차이 폴라로그래피(DPP), 순환전압전류법(CV) 및 정전위 전기분해법으로 조사하였다. 란탄이온들은 NaCl 지지전해질에서 o-cresolphthalexon(OCP)과 1:1로 배위하였으며, 전극반응은 2단계 1전자 환원반응이었다. 착물의 반파전위는 pH에 따라 변화하였으며 환원전류는 흡착성을 나타냈다. DC 및 CV에서 첫번째 1전자 환원반응은 유사가역적 거동을 나타냈으며, 환원 뒤에 형성된 음이온 라디칼은 이합체와 반응을 하였다. 두번째 환원파는 전자전이 반응에 이어 생성된 카르보 음이온의 빠른 양성자 첨가반응으로 비가역적 거동을 나타냈다. -1.80V에서 정전위 전해시간이 증가함에 따라 착물의 질은 청색은 점점 옅어져서 무색이 되었으며, 최종생성물은 전기적으로 비활성이었다. 따라서 Ln-OCP 착물의 단계적인 전극반응은 ECEC 메카니즘으로 제안되었다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권10호
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• pp.888-893
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• 2016

In this study, the solution plasma process was utilized with the aim of degrading synthetic dyes in water at atmospheric pressure. The experiments were conducted in a batch-type reactor consisting of a symmetric wire-wire electrode configuration with rhodamine B (RhB) as the target synthetic dye. The effects of the plasma treatment time and initial dye concentration on the RhB degradation were investigated by monitoring the change in absorbance of RhB solutions. The RhB solutions turned lighter in color and finally colorless with prolonged plasma treatment time, indicating the destruction of dye molecules. The RhB solutions were found to have degraded, following the first-order kinetic process. However, for high initial RhB concentrations, another kinetic process or factor seems to play a dominant role at the initial degradation stage. The fitted first-order rate constant decreased as the initial concentration increased. This result suggests that the degradation behavior and kinetic process of the RhB solution strongly depends on its initial concentration. The RhB degradation is considered to be due to a combination of factors, including the formation of chemically oxidative species, as well as the emission of intense UV radiation and high-energy electrons from the plasma. We believe that the solution plasma process may prove to be an effective and environment-friendly method for the degradation or remediation of synthetic dye in wastewater.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.173-177
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• 2015

전라북도 전주, 임실, 진안에서 제비꽃속의 미기록 변종인 흰들제비꽃 Viola betonicifolia var. albescens (Nakai) F. Maek. & T. Hashim.을 발견하여 기재하였다. 흰들제비꽃은 꽃이 흰색이고 잎이 긴삼각형이고 엽병에 날개가 있으며 화경은 녹색이고 꽃받침 부속기가 짧고 끝이 둥글어 그동안 흰제비꽃과 혼동되어 왔다. 그러나 흰들제비꽃은 엽병 상부의 좁은 날개 가장자리와 엽신 표면에 짧은 털이 있고 꽃잎중 상판에 줄무늬가 있으며 상판기부에 털이 흔히 있고 저지대에서 자라는 반면에, 흰제비꽃 V. patrinii Ging.은 엽병 상부의 날개 가장자리와 엽신 표면에 털이 없고 꽃잎중 상판에 줄무늬가 없으며 상판기부에 털이 없고 고지대에서 자라 구별된다. 또한 근연종인 흰젖제비꽃 V. lactiflora Nakai은 엽병에 날개와 털이 없으며 화경은 적색이며 꽃받침 부속기는 길고 끝에 거치가 있어 흰들제비꽃과 뚜렷하게 차이가 난다.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.50-57
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• 1974

芳香族디아민을 강한 광물산의 妓質中에서 디아조化하고, 이때 얻은 테트라아조늄염을 還元함으로서 芳香族 디히드라진類의 合成에 응용할 수 있는 실용적인 方法을 創案하였다. 파라페닐렌디아민을 진한 鹽酸 또는 45% 過鹽素酸을 妓質로 해서 低溫에서 아질산나트륨으로디아조化하여 얻은 테트라아조늄鹽을 염화주석(II)으로 還元하여 파라페닐렌디히드라진(PPDH)을 鹽酸鹽의 微細한 針狀結晶으로 分離하였다. PPDH의 遊離鹽期는 空氣中에서 酸化되기 쉽기 때문에不安定하여 分離할수 없었다. PPDH${\cdot}$2HCl은 明確한 융점을 보이지 않고 $^180{\circ}C$에서 炭化되면서 分解하였다. PPDH는 芳香族 모노히드라진과 유사한 性質이 있었으며, 초산염의 緩衝溶液에서 알데히드 및 케톤과 반응시키면 재빨리 反應하여 노랑색 내지 갈색을 띤 縮合化合物인 디히드라존이 生成되었다. 이것은 PPDH가 디카르보닐化合物과 反應하여 高分子의 폴리마나 還狀縮合物을 形成할 것임을 暗示한다.