• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1004-1012
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to investigate the loess dyeability of soybean fabric using loess as colorants. Recent days, various textile products such as inner wears, sheets and interior goods are manufactured using materials dyed with loess emphasizing its improved metabolism, anti-bacterial, deodorizing properties, and far infrared ray emissions. Soybean fabric was dyed with loess solution according to concentration of loess, dyeing temperature and dyeing time. To improve washing fastness, soybean fabric and dyed soybean fabric with loess were mordanted by mordanting agents such as sodium chloride(NaCl), Acetic acid(CH₃COOH) and Aluminium Potassium Sulfate(AlK(SO₄)₂·12H₂O). Dyeability and color characteristics of dyed soybean fabric were obtained by CCM observation. Particle size distribution of loess, the dyeability(K/S) of soybean fabric, morphology and washing durability of loess dyed soybean fabric were investigated. The results obtained were as follows; Mean average diameter of loess was 1.08µm. The main components of loess used in this study were silicon dioxide(SiO₂), aluminium oxide(Al₂O₃), and iron oxide(Fe₂O₃). The content of these three component was above 75 weight %. The dyeability of soybean fabric was increased gradually with increasing concentration of loess. The optimum dyeing temperature and dyeing time were 90℃ and 60minutes expectively. The fastness to washing according to concentration of loess and mordanting method indicated good grade result as more than 4 degree in all conditions.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.404-414
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• 2014

This study investigates the dyeability and fastness of jacquard fabric for blind using low-melting flame retardant polyester. Two types of jacquard fabric were prepared with a low-melting flame retardant polyester and regular polyester. The low-melting flame retardant polyester has a sheath and a core. The core consists of flame retardant polyester and the sheath consists of low-melting polyester. Disperse red 50 (DR 50), disperse blue 56 (DB 56), disperse yellow (DY 54) of E-type dyes and disperse 92 (DR 92), disperse blue 60 (DB 60), disperse yellow (DY 79) of S-type dyes were used and dyed on jacquard fabrics dependent of dyeing temperature and time. The fastness, dye exhaustion, color strength (K/S value), and colorimetric properties of jacquard fabrics were evaluated. The dyeability of S-type dyes were higher than E-type dyes. The experiments indicated optimum dyeability that the dyeing temperature was $110^{\circ}C$ for E-type dyes and $120^{\circ}C$ for S-type dyes for 40 minutes. The fastness to washing and light were excellent at a 4-5 grade.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.608-615
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dyeability and functional properties of dyed fabric with the extract of Myrica rubra rind. For this purpose, the ultraviolet and visible spectra of the bark extracts were investigated. The dyeing temperature, dyeing time, mordant type, mordanting order, mordant concentration and dyeability were investigated. The color fastness based on washing, dry-cleaning, rubbing and light were evaluated by the types of Myrica rubra rind extract used. In addition, the deodorization and antibacterial activity were measured, and the functionality of the silk fabric dyed with the extract of the Myrica rubra rind was evaluated. The result shows that the color strength of the dye was excellent when the Myrica rubra rind was dyed at $80^{\circ}C$ for 80 minutes. The mordant dye color strength was high in the order of Fe mordant> Cu mordant> Al mordant. The dyeability of Al and Cu mordant was high during pre-mordanting compared to Fe mordant, and the dyeability of Fe mordant was high during post-mordanting than Cu and Al mordant. The deodorant property of the dyed fabric stained with the Myrica rubra rind extract was 92.4% and that of antibacterial property was 99.9% for Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria respectively.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.25-30
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• 2008

In order to examine the availability of a heating process for persimmon dyeing, the cotton fabrics treated with various concentrations of persimmon extracts were heated at various temperatures and times. The raw and fermented persimmon extracts were used for the coloration. For both extracts, the color strength of fabrics was. increased with the increase of coloration temperature, time, and concentration of the extracts. Considering the practical aspects. and color strength, the temperature around $200^{\curc}C$ and the time longer than 60 minutes can be determined as the. optimum coloration conditions of persimmon extracts onto cotton fabrics. However, somewhat loss of strength by the hearing process seems to be inevitable. The color fastness to washing was excellent for both color change and staining showing a rating of 5.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.35 no.7
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• pp.736-747
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• 2011

This study investigates the current status and dyeing properties of various natural indigo powder dyes in the domestic market. Products from India, China, Europe are sold in the market and only a few manufacturers provide recommendation for the method of dyeing and information on the additives. Through the market research and the preliminary investigation on 21 products, 11 were selected for the dyeing experiment which include 3 Indian, 3 Chinese, 2 German, and 1 Pakistani origin indigo reduced powders, and 2 Indian origin dried indigo leaf powder. The two dyeing methods used were the precipitation method and the fresh juice method, both at $10^{\circ}C$, $25^{\circ}C$, and $60^{\circ}C$. Color difference, K/S value, and colorfastness of dyed cotton fabrics were examined. Indian reduced indigo powder showed the highest K/S value, deep dyeing, and the best color fastness. Chinese reduced indigo powder resulted in a more greenish and bluish color. Powders of dried indigo leaves were easy to use but resulted in a pale color due to low dye uptake.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 1998

Colorants were prepared by extraction of natural indigo which was harvested just in the blooming season(in the late of July). 100 g of fresh leaves soaking in 1 ιwater was kept at 3$0^{\circ}C$, 30 hours. A solution of 3g/l calcium hydroxide was added into it to precipitate dye substance and it was freezing-dried into powder form. The fermentation and dyeing conditions were investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows; K/S value of dyed silk fabrics of fermentation conditions was higher at 95$^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. than at 4$0^{\circ}C$ for 20 hours. Furthermore, K/S value of dyed silk fabric was raised by the addition of 5g/l of glucose and 5g/l of NaOH. K/S value of dyed silk fabric was raised by the addition of 5g/l of glucose and 5g/l of NaOH. K/S value increased as extending of dyeing time when dyed till 2 hours at 3$0^{\circ}C$. K/S value decreased in order of 3$0^{\circ}C$, 4$0^{\circ}C$ and 5$0^{\circ}C$, at the various dyeing temperatures and dyeing concentrations, and colour fastness ranged from 4 to 5 grade in terms of washing, perspiration and light fastness.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.8-17
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• 2008

For the purpose of standardization and practicability of natural dyeing, the mordanting and dyeing properties of turmeric was studied. In this study, the colorants of turmeric were extracted with boiling water. Chitosan-crosslinked cotton fabrics was dyed with aqueous extract of turmeric and their dyeabilities on the fabrics were studied. Additionally the fastness to washing and light were also investigated. Cotton fabrics were treated with a crosslinking agent epichlorohydrin in the presence of chitosan to provide the cotton fabrics the dyeing properties of natural dye(turmeric) by the chemical linking of chitosan to the cellulose structure. The chitosan finishing and durable press finishing of the cotton fabrics occurred simultaneously in the mercerization bath. The dyeability(K/S), which was obtained by CCM observation, remarkably became increased when the crosslinked chitosan concentration was higher. Dyeability of turmeric was improved on chitosan-crosslinked cotton fabric rather than only cotton fabric, while the saturated dyeing time was 20minutes at $60^{\circ}C$. The hue value indicated greenish yellow with increasing the crosslinked chitosan concentration. And the color fastness to washing and light was almost the same.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.233-240
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• 2019

Dyeing is an essential process for improving the value of textile products, but it is considered as one of industries causing pollution because of producing wastewater containing hazardous chemicals as well as using a large amount of water and energy. Global demand for greener technologies in textile field is getting much more attention and accordingly, the use of eco-friendly natural dyes is growing much larger. In textile printing, both dyes and pigments can be used. Pigment printing is more simple process and requires less water and less energy, compared to dye printing. In this study, the organic pigment was prepared from the marigold colorant. Samples were stencil printed, pressed(70℃, 3min) and then heat treated(150℃, 5min). The uptake of polyacrylic acid as a chemical binder was the lowest. In particular, marigold pigments were excellent in color and texture when Guar Gum and Sodium Alginate were used as binders. In addition, the light and washing fastness was rated very high as 4, 4/5 grades, and the rubbing fastness was also excellent as 3 and 4 grades.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.260-266
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• 2008

Recently there has been a growing interest in the use of natural dyes in textile applications. Natural dyes can exhibit better biodegradability and generally have a higher compatibility with the environment. In this study, the colorants of clove were extracted with boiling water. Chitosan crosslinked cotton fabrics have been dyed with aqueous extract of clove and their dyeabilities on the fabrics were studied. Additionally the fastness to washing and light, and the effects on antimicrobial properties were also investigated. Cotton fabrics were treated with a crosslinking agent epichlorohydrin in the presence of chitosan to provide the cotton fabrics the dyeing properties of natural dye(clove) by the chemical linking of chitosan to the cellulose structure. This process was applied by means of the conventional mercerizing process. The chitosan finishing and durable press finishing of the cotton fabrics occurred simultaneously in the mercerization bath. The dyeability(K/S), which was obtained by CCM observation, remarkablely became increased when the crosslinked chitosan concentration was higher. The hue value indicated reddish yellow with increasing the crosslinked chitosan concentration. And the color fastness to washing and light was the almost the same. The chitosan treated cotton fabrics showed very high activities with almost 100% reduction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.348-356
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• 2013

Denim washing is processed with different washing techniques such as stone washing, chemical washing, sand washing, and bio washing. Cellulase bio washing can meet environmental regulations that enhance and rectify problems associated with traditional decolorization techniques; however, stone washing needs to be added to the processing because it produces a low decolorization effect. There is also the problem of additional strength reduction. To prevent these problems, a new enzyme for bio washing is required. This study examines the optimum laccase treatment conditions on denim and evaluated the characteristics of laccase-treated denims to establish a database of eco-friendly new decolorization process on denim using a new laccase enzyme. The results show that the optimum conditions of laccase on denim are a pH of 4.0, $30^{\circ}C$, 7% (o.w.f.), and 6 hours in 10 mM of buffer concentration. UV absorbance and HPLC identified isatin coexist with anthranilic acid in solution after laccase treatment on denim. Results of the surface color, the surface morphology and the tensile strength indicate that laccase treatment shows an excellent decolorization effect without fiber damage. The wet cleaning fastness and the perspiration fastness also improved.