• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.69-72
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• 1999

Testing of color vision by Ishihara's test was followed in 1306 healthy elementary school students from 8 to 13 years old. The number of color deficiency was 27(2.07%) patients who consisted in 25(3.8%) boys among 654(male) and 2(0.31%) girls among 652(female). The male' s patients were definitely more than female's. The type of color deficiency were consisted in 10(37%) patients of red-green anomaly, 7(26%) patients of anomalous trichromatism, 6(22%) patient of red-green anopia and 4(15%) patients who were difficult to classify. All of patients were normal binocular vision and visual acuity.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 2017

Objectives: This study aimed to assess a Qi Blood Yin Yang evaluation method systematically and objectively and to identify the correlation between the Qi Blood Yin Yang deficiency pattern (QBYYDP) and facial color. Methods: Thirty-seven participants (17 males, 20 females) were enrolled in this study. Twenty-four (10 males, 14 females) had ages from 40 to over 60, and 13 (7 males and 6 females) were in their twenties. After sufficient rest, facial images were taken with a camera. Based on the results from a questionnaire survey, we divided the participants into five groups: the normal and the Qi-, Blood-, Yin-, and Yang-deficient groups, after which the relationships between the L, 'a', and 'b' values in the Lab color system and the characteristics of the participants in each of the deficient groups were elucidated using a facial color analysis program. Results: The color analysis for Qi-deficient (QD) participants revealed that the L value was fairly decreased in comparison with the normal participants, but the 'a' and 'b' values were almost the same. A comparison between the normal and the Yang-deficient (YaD) groups revealed that the L values were somewhat lower compared to the normal group, but the 'a' and 'b' values were not statistically different. For the Yin-deficient (YiD) group, the L value was slightly lower compared to the normal group, but the 'a' and 'b' values were almost the same and the R values were slightly increased. For the Blood-deficient (BD) group, the L values were slightly increased compared to the normal group, but the 'a' and 'b' values were decreased slightly. Conclusion: This study obtained objective, reliable data for judging the QBYYDP by using facial images and a color analysis program. However, further study with at least 10 or more subjects in each of the deficient groups is necessary to confirm our findings.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.509-519
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• 2013

Through the study on judgment of Body form and settle Energy flow(立形定氣) before diagnose the patients, the results are as follows. The observation of the body form is to determine prosperity and deficiency of each internal organ. It is necessary to distinguish Body form loss(形脫) and Body form fullness(形充). Fat man(肥人), Thin man(瘦人), Creamy man(膏人), Muscular man(肉人), Small Fat man(脂人) are discriminated by fat distribution, fat content, and muscle mass. The observation of the body form means the observation of structure disorder, color change, develop part at body, head and face. The observation of the body form that is to determine prosperity and deficiency of each internal organ is from the limited knowledge of the anatomy. The observation of face color is considered by blood perfusion, blood oxygenation and accumulation of carotinoid, bilirubin and change of melanin in the facial skin. The prosperity and the deficiency of energy flow is considered by symptom combined with growth (<40 years) and aging (>40 years). The prosperity of energy flow includes the anger, anxious emotion and the deficiency of energy flow includes the fear, depressive emotion. The breathing type is expiratory exhalation like asthma patients in the prosperity of energy flow. The deficiency of energy flow is weakness to overcome the disease. The prosperity and the deficiency of energy flow are considered by body metabolic ratios (Basal metabolic Rate: BMR, Resting metabolic rate: RMR, Physical activity ratios: PASs). Development of subcutaneous fat is good in the person of prosperous energy flow. The person of prosperous energy flow is hard to overcome to heat weather than cold weather. The person of deficiency of energy flow has tendencies of low blood pressure, insufficiency of blood flow in the peripheral and being shocked. The person of deficiency of energy flow has tendencies of chronic fatigue syndrome or automatic nerve disorder. If the patient who has deficiency of energy flow has severe weight loss should be checked for the presence of disease. The observation of small and large of bone is to check the development and disorder of bone growth and aging. The observation of thickness and weakness of muscle is to check the development of muscle, particularly biceps, gastrocnemius, and rectus abdominal muscle. The observation of thickness and weakness of skin is to check the ability of regulating body temperature by sweating.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.50-52
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• 2022

Brownish rings (BRs) with white interiors are formed during the manufacture of silicon ingots in quartz glass crucibles. These BRs inhibit the yield of silicon ingots. However, the composition and mechanism of the formation of these BRs remain unclear thus far. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the color and shape of these BRs. Raman analysis revealed that the brown and white colors appear owing to oxygen deficiency rather than crystallization from excess oxygen supply as previously assumed. Moreover, the dark shade of the brown areas depends on the degree of oxygen deficiency and the asymmetrical width of the brown areas is attributed to the direction of the molten silicon flow, which is influenced by the rotation and heat of the ingot crucible.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartB
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• v.10B no.5
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• pp.535-542
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• 2003

This study is concerned with an assistive technology which reduces color blinds´s confusion when they access electronic documents including color objects in their computers. In this study, 1 restrict the assistive technology would apply to windows operating system, 256 color mode and implement to minimize color distortion which occurs in multi window environments because of color approximation process. As a basic palette, I use a 216 colors web safe palette which the Christine proposed as a standard for color blind, expand it to 256 colors to apply all computer displays using Microsoft Windows as its operating system and implement it as windows application. To test its effectiveness, I use a simulator for dichromats, as results of the test, the developed color vision deficiency correction S/W is effective to reduce the confusion. It is more effective to use the implemented S/W in both of design and client process for electronic documents.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.37-44
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• 2011

This paper proposes a confusion-line separating algorithm in a CIE Lab color space using color segmentation for protanopia and deuteranopia. Images are segmented into regions by grouping adjacent pixels with similar color information using the hue components of the images. To this end, the region growing method and the seed points used in this method are the pixels that correspond to peak points in hue histograms that went through a low pass filter. In order to establish a color vision deficiency (CVD) confusion line map, we established 512 virtual boxes in an RGB 3-D space so that boxes existing on the same confusion line can be easily identified. After that, we checked if segmented regions existed on the same confusion line and then performed color adjustment in an CIE Lab color space so that all adjacent regions exist on different confusion lines in order to provide the best color identification effect to people with CVDs.

• 소프트웨어공모대전
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• s.8
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• pp.24-34
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• 2003

• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 2018

Color-normal observers (CNOs) and color-deficient observers (CDOs) have different preferences and emotions for color images. A color-image quality-enhancement algorithm for a CDO is developed to easily adjust images according to each observer's preference or image quality factors. The color-perception differences between CDO and CNO are analyzed and modeled in terms of the YCbCr chroma ratio and hue difference; then the color-shift method is designed to control the degree of color difference.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.557-566
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• 2013

This study is to investigate the color emotion associations of the color vision defectives, considering that the colors do have an effect on human emotional conditions. To realize this investigation, firstly we selected 100 normal persons (group C)and other 34 color vision defectives(group A), dividing the last group into two small groups as protanomaly group(group P) with 8 persons and deuteranomaly group(group D) with 16 persons. All participants have been offered to select one color from ten colors for each of three positive emotions such as 'favorite', 'happy' and 'friendly' and of three negative emotions like 'sad', 'disliked' and 'awkward'. And they selected another one color for each active and passive emotions. For 'favorite color' the group C selected 'blue' and 'red' while the group A chose 'blue'. For 'happy color' the two groups selected 'yellow'. For 'friendly color' the group C chose 'green', but the group A selected 'blue'. For 'sad color' the group C preferred 'blue', but the group A chose 'purple'. For 'disliked color' all groups selected 'bluish green'. For 'awkward color' the two groups preferred 'bluish green'. For 'active color' all groups selected 'red'. And for 'passive color' the group C chose 'bluish green', but the group A selected 'blue'. Depending on the type of color vision deficiency(group P and group D) some more differences were revealed relatively. These results should be applied to develop some intelligent color conversion technology for enhancing the usability of culture contents for color vision defectives.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.573-579
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• 2005

The followings are the conclusions drawn from the clinical cases of apoplexy; The main cause of apoplexy is the deficiency of both Jung and Ki. dam typed persons are stricken with paralyses because of the insufficiency of the kidney water. On the other hand, bangkwang typed persons' apoplexy comes from the deficiency of Ki and dump-phlegm. The prevention of apoplexy is very important so that porpe medical care should be taken at the appearance of premonitory symptoms like vertigo, dim sight tinnitus, stiff neck, numbness and others. It appears very reasonable both clinically and pathologically that Li dongyuen classified the apoplexy in to three groups : the first group is apoplexy involving meridians ; the second. involving Bu ; the third, involving Jang. The accurate diagnosis of apoplexy regulates com prehension consideration of four factors configuration color, pulse and symptoms and distinction from the similar diseases. Apoplexy is the up wand floating of Yaug in deficiency due to the deficiency of genuine Yim. In its early stages it should be treated by eliminating the excess in the upper pant. In the lower pant becomes the fundamental treatment.