• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.81-88
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• 2019

Trifolium pratense leaves (red clover) has been used in Oriental and European folk medicine for the treatment of whooping cough, asthma, and eczema, and is now being used to treat and alleviate the symptoms, such as hot flushes, cardiovascular health effects that occur in postmenopausal women. However, relatively little scientific data is available on the physiological activity of this plant. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the anti-cancer activity of T. pratense leaves using methanol extract of T. pratense leaves (MeTP) on human FaDu hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. MeTP inhibited the viability of FaDu cells by inducing apoptosis through the cleavage of procaspase-3, -7, and -9 and poly (adenosine diphosphate ribose-ribose) polymerase (PARP), downregulation of Bcl-2, and upregulation of Bax, as determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, Live & dead assay, 4'6-diamidino-2-phenylindole stain, fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis, and Western blot analysis. In addition, colony formation was slightly inhibited when FaDu cells were treated with a non-cytotoxic concentration (0.125 mg/mL) of MeTP and almost completely inhibited when cells were treated with 0.25 mg/mL MeTP. Collectively, these results indicate that MeTP induced cell apoptosis via caspase- and mitochondrial-dependent apoptotic pathways, and inhibited colony formation of cancer cells in FaDu human hypopharyngeal squamous carcinoma cells. These findings suggest MeTP should be considered for clinical development as a chemotherapeutic option in oral cancer.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.195-200
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• 1985

This experiment was carried out to know the processes of protoplast isolation, culture and plant regeneration in aims of introducing foreign genes into plant cells through plant gene vector, and cellular selection for plant improvement. The main results indicated that 2% cellulase plus 0.5% macerozyme is proper for isolation of protoplasts from leaf mesophyll cells of N. plumbaginifolia, plating efficiency was higher in 1.4-2.0 x 10$^4$ cells/ml, complete cell wall was regenerated after 2 days culture, cell division and cell mass were observed after 4 days and 2 weeks, respectively, colony was developed after 3 weeks culture, addition of 1-2mg/l BA promoted shoot differentiation while root differentiation did not required hormone and seeds were harvested from more than 100 cell lines for further investigation and study.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.682-691
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• 2023

Cell transformation induced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) is a critical event in cancer initiation and progression, and understanding the underlying mechanisms is essential for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Licorice extract contains various bioactive compounds, which have been reported to have anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the cancer preventive efficacy of licochalcone D (LicoD), a chalcone derivative in licorice extract, in EGF and TPA-induced transformed skin keratinocyte cells. LicoD effectively suppressed EGF-induced cell proliferation and anchorage-independent colony growth. EGF and TPA promoted the S phase of cell cycle, while LicoD treatment caused G1 phase arrest and down-regulated cyclin D1 and up-regulated p21 expression associated with the G1 phase. LicoD also induced apoptosis and increased apoptosis-related proteins such as cleaved-caspase-3, cleaved-caspase-7, and Bax (Bcl2-associated X protein). We further investigated the effect of LicoD on the AKT signaling pathway involved in various cellular processes and found decreased p-AKT, p-GSK3β, and p-NFκB expression. Treatment with MK-2206, an AKT pharmacological inhibitor, suppressed EGF-induced cell proliferation and transformed colony growth. In conclusion, this study demonstrated the potential of LicoD as a preventive agent for skin carcinogenesis.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.181-188
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• 2003

Cordyceps has a reputation for its broad biological activities and as a tonic which replenishs vital function in Chinese traditional medicines. As an attempt to obtain fundamental data for the development of new type Cordyceps, the effects of the fruiting bodies of cultivated fungus of Paecilomyces japonica grown on silkworm larvae on radiationinduced damages were investigated. We performed this study to determine the effect of Dongchongxiacao (Paecilomyces japonica) on jejunal crypt survival, endogenous spleen colony formation, and apoptosis in jejunal crypt cells and hair follicles of mice irradiated with high and low dose of gamma-radiation. Treatment with Dongchongxiacao showed no significant modifying effects on the jejunal crypt survival and endogenous spleen colony formation. The frequency of radiationinduced apoptosis was reduced by pretreatment of Dongchongxiacao (i.p.: 50 mg/kg of body weight, at 12 and 36 hours before irradiation, p<0.01). The spontaneous levels of apoptotic cells are $0.082{\pm}0.041$ in intestinal crypts and $0.231{\pm}0.084$ per hair follicle section of skin. Pretreatment of Dongchongxiacao was associated with decreases of 26.86% in intestinal crypt and 66.36% in hair follicle decrease in the number of cells with nuclei positively stained for apoptosis compared with the irradiation control group. We demonstrated for the first time that Dongchongxiacao administration could reduce the extent of apoptosis produced by radiation in the hair follicle. The results presented herein that Dongchongxiacao given before irradiation is capable of reducing the severity of cell loss as a result of apoptosis.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.47 no.8
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• pp.74-84
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• 2010

In this paper, we propose a preference-based shortest path algorithm which is combined with Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and A* heuristic algorithm. In recent years, with the development of ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems), there has been a resurgence of interest in a shortest path search algorithm for use in car navigation systems. Most of the shortest path search algorithms such as Dijkstra and A* aim at finding the distance or time shortest paths. However, the shortest path is not always an optimum path for the drivers who prefer choosing a less short, but more reliable or flexible path. For this reason, we propose a preference-based shortest path search algorithm which uses the properties of the links of the map. The preferences of the links are specified by the user of the car navigation system. The proposed algorithm was implemented in C and experiments were performed upon the map that includes 64 nodes with 118 links. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is suitable to find preference-based shortest paths as well as distance shortest paths.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2001

The pharmacokinetics of recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) following intravenous (i.v.), intramuscular (i.m.) and subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of HM1041l-lyo and HM10411-liq (lyophilized and liquid formulations of rhG-CSF, recently under development by Hanmi Pharmaceutical Company) were studied in rats, and compared with that of Filgrastim (conventional formulation of rhG-CSF on market). The plasma concentration of rhG-CSF was quantified using a specific ELISA. The pharmacokinetic parameters of rhG-CSF, after i.v., i.m. and s.c. administration of Filgrastim, HM1041l-lyo and HM1041l-liq to rats at a rhG-CSF dose of $10\;{\mu}g/kg$, were almost identical among the three formulations. No dose-dependency was observed in the pharmacokinetic parameters of rhG-CSF following i.v. administration in the dose range of $5{\sim}100\;{\mu}g/kg$. rhG-CSF, after i.v. administration of the three preparations at a dose of $10\;{\mu}g/kg$ to rats, was detected at low levels in all of the body tissues with highest tissue/plasma ratio of $0.46{\sim}0.51$ for the kidney at 30 min after the administration. The pharmacokinetics of rhG-CSF, after i.v. administration to mice at a dose of $10\;{\mu}g/kg$, were comparable among the three formulations. In conclusion, HM10411-lyo and HM10411-liq exhibited similar pharmacokinetics for rhG-CSF with Filgrastim regandless of animal species. Considering the fact that HM10411 series, contrary to Filgrastim, are proteins lacking a methionine residue, the methionine moiety in rhG-CSF molecule does not appear to influence the pharmacokinetics of the protein significantly.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 1963

According to the experiment on pure-isolation and the related contaminants of Chlorella, the phenomena of the ecological distributions of Chlorella in Korea have been manifested in several areas and also the aim that in going to do culture, biological and physiological study of Chlorella is carried out. Contaminants very oftenly occupied on the colony of the strains taken in order to fulfil pure-isolation of Chlorella, but in accordance with being piled up the minute research on this subject, I can obtain the desirable results as follows: 1. For the pure-isolation, the duration chose the time from May to September 1957 so that may easily isolate from contaminant water with utilizing the antibiotic substances. 2. To take long time, 36-48 hours until growth of nascent through the non-sporulated, it originates from the difference of the cultured media. In addition to the above mention, the mechanism of growth until nascent through the sporulated must not always require the ligh. However the supply of metabolic energy depend upon its nutritional conditions per phase. 3. The culture of Chlorella should be based on the lower culturing except adding especial conditions such as reagent concentration of media, artifical shake of media and other facts due to the natural conditions. And also these strains grew not only in distilled water but 2% NaCl solution without any abnormality in cell it self. I, therefore, guess it is possible to culture in sea-water under phasic environment. 4. In the experiment of ammonia detection, it is caused by the sampling surroundings to contain the minute quantity of ammonia in strain No. M 918; that is the place to be plenty of Carbohydrate on behalf of protein. 5. To compare the absorption curve of chlorophyll of higher plant with that of Chlorella, the absorption zone made mostly the Same ones each other but a little absorption grade dose not clearly appear. The colony which formed giant type grows with intensive colour and green band on surrounding of the colony and after that it was changed into all the green colour and developed up to end. 6. At first phase for a week, the development of Chlorella suspends the normal condition as in vivo but after a few days, the colour of chlorophyll gradually changed into blue-yellow which secrete the mucous substances on the agar media. The cell was flew out the contained substances itself on leaving the cell wall only, or the various micro-organism diffused on the outer-region of the cell.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.185-200
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• 1998

It has been contributed to public health that the hospital has multiplied in the aspect of number and has been a large size with development of modern medical science, meanwhile the problem of hospital infection is coming out seriously. Respiratory hospital infection among hospital infections develops, very commonly from patients having taken the operation of intubation or tracheostomy, which results from a big factor that the infection developed from medical appliances used for respiration aids, contamination of solution and infection of medical staff. This study is separated into four steps-the time to use normal saline and distillation water for storaging catheter which are the cause of the infection of solution to store distillation water and catheter, not to say the catheter used when the patient who should get tracheostomy operation takes suction. The purpose of this study is to offer the basic data which are needed to check contamination degree as time goes by and nurse intervention and grope for a new nursing intervention. The target of this study is hospitalized 1D an intensive care unit having 700 sickbeds which is located in IKSAN city and it targeted patients before 7 days passed after an operaion of a tracheostormy. Materials collected were analyzed by SPSS PC+ figures program. The result of this study were as follows ; 1. The gradual contamination levels of the normal saline used In suction are showing that colony increase in proportion to the length of time. 2. while colony increases in normal saline with the lapse of time. distillation water mixed with 5cc of potadine did not show any sign of the formation of colony from its preparation until it was used for 8 hours. 3. Such variables as the period of intubation insertion. the length of hospitalization in I.C.U. the age and the level of contamination of normal saline have no inter-relationship. Therefore. as the length of normal saline used In suction. the contamination level increases with the excelleration of the contamination speed. 4. Regarding the number of suction and the contamination level of the normal saline. We can observe correlation contamination level in the 3 step of suction(mean value:13.4) and the saline which was used for one hours(r=0.702. P=0.00l). four hours(r=0.694. P=0.00l). eight hours(r=0.488. P=0.029). Further we can observe contamination in the 4 step of suction (mean value: 17 .8) well as saline used for eight hours; [for one hours (r=0.64l. P=0.002). four hours (r=0.670. P=0.00l). eight hours (r=0.57 4. P=0.008)]. Thesedays clinics use normal saline by changing it. three times a day. however. the timing of saline change and the current suction methoed should be changed given the one hour used normal saline contamination number 79.850. Regarding the number of suction and the contamination lend of the normal saline.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.129-138
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• 2002

Objective: This study was to compare the characteristics between parthenogenetic mES (P-mES) cells and in vitro fertilization mES cells. Materials and Methods: Mouse oocytes were recovered from superovulated 4 wks hybrid F1 (C57BL/6xCBA/N) female mice. For parthenogenetic activation, oocytes were treated with 7% ethanol for 5 min and $5{\mu}g$/ml cytochalasin-B for 4 h. For IVF, oocytes were inseminated with epididymal sperm of hybrid F1 male mice ($1{times}10^6/ml$). IVF and parthenogenetic embryos were cultured in M16 medium for 4 days. Cell number count of blastocysts in those two groups was taken by differential labelling using propidium iodide (red) and bisbenzimide (blue). To establish ES cells, b1astocysts in IVF and parthenogenetic groups were treated by immunosurgery and recovered inner cell mass (ICM) cells were cultured in LIF added ES culture medium. To identify ES cells, the surface markers alkaline phosphatase, SSEA-1, 3,4 and Oct4 staining were examined in rep1ated ICM colonies. Chromosome numbers in P-mES and mES were checked. Also, in vitro differentiation potential of P-mES and mES was examined. Results: Although the cleavage rate (${\geq}$2-cell) was not different between IVF (76.3%) and parthenogenetic group (67.0%), in vitro development rate was significantly low in parthenogenetic group (24.0%) than IVF group (68.4%) (p<0.05). Cell number count of ICM and total cell in parthenogenetic b1astocysts ($9.6{\pm}3.1,\;35.1{\pm}5.2$) were signficantly lower than those of IVF blastocysts ($19.5{\pm}4.7,\;63.2{\pm}13.0$) (p<0.05). Through the serial treatment procedure such as immunosurgery, plating of ICM and colony formation, two ICM colonies in IVF group (mES, 10.0%) and three ICM colonies (P-mES, 42.9%) in parthenogenetic group were able to culture for extended duration (25 and 20 passages, respectively). Using surface markers, alkaline phosphatase, SSEA-l and Oct4 in P-mES and mES colony were positively stained. The number of chromosome was normal in ES colony from two groups. Also, in vitro neural and cardiac cell differentiation derived from mES or P-mES cells was confirmed. Conclusion: This study suggested that P-mES cells can be successfully established and that those cell lines have similar characteristics to mES cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.259-264
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• 2016

Metastatic cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related death since they rarely respond to available treatments. There is epidemiologic evidence that high garlic consumption decreases the incidence of cancer. Recent studies of our laboratory have revealed that a garlic-extracts is effective in suppressing metastasis. For experimental metastasis, C57BL/6 mice were injected intravenously with melanoma B16F10 cells in the tail vein, and were orally administered various concentrations (0, 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg body weight) of garlic hexane extract (GHE) for 21 days. The incidence and the area of the melanoma cell colony occupied by the poorly differentiated carcinoma were significantly lower in dose-dependent in 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg BW GHE - treated mice compared with control mice. In conclusion, the results of the present study show that GHE administration prevents lung metastasis in C57BL/6 mice.