• 미생물학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.248-251
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• 1985

토양으로부터 dermatophyte로 인정되는 불완전 곰팡이를 분리한 후 그 형태학적 및 생리학적 특성등을 검토하여 이미 알려진 종과 비교한 결과 분리주는 Microsporum속에 속하였으나 colony의 색깔, macroconidium의 형태 또는 세포수 등과 관련하여 관련종인 Microsporum gypseum 및 Microsporum nanum과 비교해서 육안적.현미경적인 다른 특징을 나타내었다. 이 분리주는 Microsporum 속의 아직 보고된 바 없는 새로운 종으로 사료되었으며 육안적으로 진한 흑색을 나타내었으므로 Microsporum nigricans Yeeh sp. nov.로 이름붙였다.

• Mycobiology
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2011

We investigated the effect of nutritional and environmental factors on Ophiocordyceps longissima mycelial growth. The longest colony diameter was observed on Schizophyllum (mushroom) genetics complete medium plus yeast extract, Schizophyllum (mushroom) genetics minimal medium, and Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA); however, malt-extract yeast-extract agar, SDA plus yeast extract, yeast-extract malt-extract peptone dextrose agar, SDA, oatmeal agar, and potato dextrose agar showed higher mycelia density. A temperature of $25^{\circ}C$ was optimum and 7.0 was the optimum pH for mycelial growth. Colony diameter was similar under light and dark conditions. Maltose and yeast extract showed the highest mycelial growth among carbon and nitrogen sources respectively. The effect of mineral salts was less obvious; however, $K_3PO_4$ showed slightly better growth than that of the other mineral salts tested. Among all nutrition sources tested, complex organic nitrogen sources such as yeast extract, peptone, and tryptone were best for mycelial growth of O. longissima. Ophiocordyceps longissima composite medium, formulated by adding maltose (2% w/v), yeast extract (1% w/v), and $K_3PO_4$ (0.05% w/v) resulted in slightly longer colony diameter. In vitro mycelial O. longissima growth was sustainable and the production of fruiting bodies could be used for commercial purposes in the future.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 1992

Animal experiments need numerous kinds of animal which are suitable for every research. About 300 mouse strains are developed up to the present, but they do not give satisfaction to every researchers. So we must build up the methods of breading animals which are newly developed and of maintenance of characteristics which were developed before. To maintain experimental animal is not only proceeding the generation but also increasing the animal populations, it needs geneticai control. Genetic factors which influence to reproduction are very important to maintain colony. These factors include lethal gene, chromosomal abberation, sterility gene, etc.. With the recent development of transgenic technology, scientists now can deliberately creat numerous specific animal models. To know how to manage the colony which has genetic defect on reproduction and transgenic mice is one of the key to study in vitro fertilization.

• Mycobiology
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.118-121
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• 2010

Single ascospore isolates of Cordyceps bassiana were observed for their colony pigmentation on Sabouraud Dextrose agar plus Yeast Extract (SDAY) plates and were inoculated in a brown rice medium for production of fruiting bodies. Colony pigmentation did not show any relationship with perithecial stromata formation. The isolates were also grown on opposite sides of SDAY agar plates and were observed for vegetative compatibility. Neither vegetative compatibility nor perithecial stromata could be found to be related to each other. It was concluded that fertile fruiting body production was independent of colony pigmentation and vegetative compatibility. Synnemata formation was found to be more common than perithecial stromata formation. This might be due to its highly conidiogenous anamorphic stage, i.e., Beauveria bassiana.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.373-379
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• 2012

Disruptions in manufacturing systems caused by system changes and disturbances such as the tool wear, machine breakdown, malfunction of transporter, and so on, reduce the productivity and the increase of downtime and manufacturing cost. In order to cope with these challenges, a new method to build an intelligent manufacturing system with biological principles, namely an ant colony inspired manufacturing system, is presented. In the developed system, the manufacturing system is considered as a swarm of cognitive agents where work-pieces, machines and transporters are controlled by the corresponding cognitive agent. The system reacts to disturbances autonomously based on the algorithm of each autonomous entity or the cooperation with them. To develop the ant colony inspired manufacturing system, the disturbances happened in the machining shop of a transmission case were analyzed to classify them and to find out the corresponding management methods. The system architecture with the autonomous characteristics was generated with the cognitive agent and the ant colony technology. A test bed was implemented to prove the functionality of the developed system.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.7-22
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• 2002

Architectural style is said to be product reflecting political, social and cultural condition. Especially, in colony, architectural style is strongly related to political condition or policy. After colonization in 1910, public buildings with western historical architectural style in Japanese version were widely built by Japanese colonial government in Korea. And in the late 1920s, modernism style in architecture became dominant in Korea as like other countries. In this situation, curious buildings in strange architectural styles came out. One example is railroad station buildings with traditional Korean architectural style and timber house station having a steep roof which is widely used in North Europe such as Alps area with good sights and mountains. Generally, the colonizer says that colonization is the only way to save the colony at crisis defined by colonizer and they insist that they can help the colony modernize. To justify colonization, the colonizer attributes the colonization to the characteristics of the nation and stagnation of the traditional culture etc.. Accordingly, the colonizer tries to depreciate colony's traditional value and culture. In case of colony which has similar cultural background historically (in this case, economical exploitation is less important than other Asian colony by European power), this depreciation of traditional value and culture in Korea was done more strongly than others. At this time, we should understand special relation between Korea and Japan historically. Even though, colony's locality is adopted by the colonizer in public fields, which is based on political purpose or exotic taste etc.. In early days of Japanese ruling period, Japan never use the Korean traditional facts in public. Therefore there is no use of Korean traditional architectural style in public field. In late 1920s, some railroad station buildings were constructed in new styles without precedence in modern Korea. One is railroad station buildings in Korean traditional architectural style, the other is railroad station buildings in timber house stations having a steep roof which is different form western historical architectural style. It was mystery that Japan had constructed railroad stations in Korean traditional style which Japan had tried to destroy together with Western style railroad station buildings. This paper is made to solve the mystery why the colonizer(Japan) constructed entirely different types of railroad stations at the same time in the late 1920s and 1930s. The key point to solve this mystery is tourism. In this paper, to solve this mystery, I try to use terminology' 'Colonial Tourism' in architecture why colonial power had constructed railroad stations with colony's traditional architectural style and Western style having a steep roof which can be seen north European region.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.227-232
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• 1999

세균오염지표인 대장균군의 균종별 분포를 조사함으로써 세균학적 의미를 조사하고자 본 실험을 실시하였다. 1997년 6-7월에 서울시 보건환경 연구원에 의뢰된 옹달샘 시료와 지하수 시료를 실험에 사용하였고, 옹달샘 유래 대장균군 112주와 지하수 유래 대장균군 24주를 IMViC test와 API 20E kit(BioMeriux)를 사용하여 균 분리 동정한 후 합계 136균주를 대상으로 실험하였다. 대장균군을 분리 동정한 결과 23균종이 분리되었으며, 균종별로는 Esherichia 속균 39주(28.6%), Klebsiella 속균 32주(23.5%), Enterobacter 속균 30주(22.1%), Serratia 속균 19주(14.0%), Citrobacter 속균 6주(4.4%), Kluyvera 속균 4주*3.0%) 그리고 기타 6주 (4.4%)로 나타났다. 분리 균주들의 EMB agar상의 집락 색상은 녹색 금속 광택 50.7%, 분홍색 44.2%, 자주색 5.1%로 나타났고, 형태는 smooth colony 64.7%, mucoid colony 34.6%, rough colony 0.7%로 각각 나타났다. 생화학적 시험결과 lactose broth 에서는 가스를 생성하였으나 KIA에서는 gas를 생성치 않은 균종이 Ent. intermedium, Ser. liquefaciencs, Ser. marcescenes 그리고 Sal. arizoae이었고, H2S를 생성한 대장균군으로는 Kleb. pneumoniae, Kleb. oxytoca, Kleb. ornithinolytica, Ent. sakasakii, Ent. cloacae, Ser. Liquefaciens, Ser. ficaria, Cit. freundii 그리고 Sal. arizoae이었다. 이상의 결과 대장균군 정성시험 양성을 나타내는 대장균군은 대부분이 E. coli, Klebsilla 속균 그리고 Enterobacter 속균이었다. 또한 향후 대장균군 정성시험 시 EMB agar 상에서 녹색 금석성 광택 집락 외에도 분홍색 집락이 주의시되어지며, rough colony는 대장균군 분리에서 제외되는 것이 좋을 것으로 사료된다. 한편, 생화학적 성상 검토 결과 새로운 형태의 대장균군 출현 가능성이 있을 것으로 전망된다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

Bumblebees are widely used to pollinate various crops, especially tomato, in greenhouses and fields. Here, we investigated whether different sugar solutions have any effects on the oviposition and colony development of Bombus terrestris queens. The types of sugar solution used were a white sugar solution, brown sugar solution, dark brown sugar solution, and prepared sugar solution; all solution contained with a 40% sugar concentration and 0.3% sorbic acid. Among these sugar solutions, B. terrestris queens reared on the white sugar solution exhibited the best results; the rates of oviposition, colony foundation and progeny-queen production were $75.0{\pm}11.0$, $33.0{\pm}9.6$ and $21.7{\pm}7.3$, respectively, which corresponded to 1.1-33.0-fold increases over the results of other sugar solutions. Queens reared on the prepared sugar solution did not found any colonies. The death rate within one month was lowest for the queens reared on the white sugar solution at $26.1{\pm}10.9%$, which was 1.2-2.0-fold lower than the rate for the other sugar solutions. Furthermore, the numbers of progeny produced by queens reared on the white sugar solution, $131.4{\pm}38.8$ workers and $51.0{\pm}40.6$ queens, were also higher, corresponding to 1.1-1.2-fold increases compared to queens raised on the other sugar solutions. Therefore, the white sugar solution was the favorable sugar solution for the egg-laying and colony developmental characteristics of B. terrestris queens.

• 한국양봉학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.261-268
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• 2018

Queen honey bees (Apis cerana) can be reared artificially on demand by the use of grafting technique. The technique consists of grafting young worker larvae into queen cell cups and raising in a queenless strong colony. As the age of grafted larvae for queen rearing exhibited several aspects related to quality and reproductive potential of queen, this study were conducted to investigate the influence of age of grafted larva on morphological characteristics and lifespan of queen, and the growth of colony she headed. Our results demonstrated that queens reared from young worker larvae (i.e., less than 1-day old larvae) were significantly larger in size (i.e., body weight and thorax width) than that of queens reared from 2-day old worker larvae. Moreover, queens reared from younger worker larvae initiated egg-laying earlier, stored more spermatozoa in spermatheca and had a longer lifespan compared to queens raised from older worker larvae. We also found a significant positive effect of queen grafting age on the production of worker and drone brood, adult worker population in colonies headed by queens reared from younger larvae. These findings suggested that rearing queens from brood grafted at the earliest possible age could increase the reproductive potential of queen as well as fitness of colony she head.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.128-137
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• 2011

Fifty two Macrophomina phaseolina isolates were recovered from 24 host plant species through the 14 Iranian provinces. All isolates were confirmed to species using species-specific primers. The colony characteristics of each isolate were recorded, including chlorate phenotype, relative growth rate at $30^{\circ}C$ and $37^{\circ}C$, average size of microsclerotia, and time to microsclerotia formation. The feathery colony phenotype was the most common (63.7%) on the chlorate selective medium and represented the chlorate sensitive phenotype of the Iranian Macrophomina phaseolina population. Meantime, inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) Markers were used to assess the genetic diversity of the fungus. Unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic means (UPGMA) clustering of data showed that isolates did not clearly differentiate to the specific group according to the host or geographical origins, however, usually the isolates from the same host or the same geographic origin tend to group nearly. Our results did not show a correlation between the genetic diversity based on the ISSR and phenotypic characteristics. Similar to the M. phaseolina populations in the other countries, the Iranian isolates were highly diverse based on the phenotypic and the genotypic characteristics investigated and needs more studies using neutral molecular tools to get a deeper insight into this complex species.