• 대한간호학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.17-26
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• 1979

This research is to prevent the infection of maternity in the hospital by examining the microbes contaminations in maternity through airbone microbes and those who are engaged in the ward of O.B. ＆ G.Y. and to furnish the basic data available to hospital management. The bacterial growth of airbone microbes contaminations in nosocomial air and who thor the nasal cavity of passers by (doctors, nurses, parturient women) who went to the ward of O.B. ＆ G.Y. contaminated or not were examined in“E”Univ. Hospital from July to August, 1979 by using thioglycollate broths and agar plates. The following results were obtained: 1. The average colony number of airborne microbes revealed as follows the pediatric ward (36 colonies), the internal ward (33 colonies), the ward of O.B. ＆ G.Y. (30 colonies), the ward of surgery (24 colonies), delivery-waiting room (11 colonies), and the delivery room (3 colonies). 2. The bacterial growth beforenoon differed from that of afternoon. Namely, the latter (24 colonies) was higher than the former (21 colonies). 3. The type of strains isolated from the air of the ward revealed staphylococci (82%), Gram negative bacilli (18%), fungi (17%), Gram positive diplococci (13%), and Bacillus subtilis (2.8%). 4. The strains isolated in the delivery-waiting room revealed staphylococci (66.7%), Gram negative bacilli (33.6%), and revealed staphylococci (75%), Gram positive diplococci (8.3%), and fungi (8.3%), in delivery room. 5. Most of strains isolated in the ward of O.B. & G.Y. revealed staphylococci (100.0%), Gram positive diplococci (8.3%), and Gram negative bacilli (6.7%). 6. The strain isolated in the surgical ward revealed staphylococci (91.7%), fungi (33.3%), Gram positive diplococci (25%), Gram negative bacilli (25%) and Bacillus subtilis (8.3%). 7. The strain isolated in the pediatric ward revealed staphylococci (75%), fungi (25%), Gram positive diplococci (8.3%), Bacillus subtilis (8.3%), and Gram negative bacilli (8.3%). 8. The strain isolated in the internal ward revealed staphylococci (91.7%), fungi (33.3%), Gram positive diplococci (25%), and negative bacilli (16.7%). The strains isolated from the nasal cavity of those doctors and nurses who and enaged in the ward of O.B. & G.Y. revealed staphylococci (80%), Bacillus subtilis (10%), and Gram negative bacilli (10%), from doctors and Gram positive diplococci (10%), instead of Gram negative bacilli (10％), from nurses. 10. The strain isolated from nasal cavity of parturient women on admission revealed staphylococci (90%), and Gram negative bacilli (10%), but after admission revealed staphylococci (70％), Gram positive diplococci (10%), and Gram negative bacilli (10%). 11. Of the total 91 staphylococci isolated from the air of the ward, the Coagulase pastive was 36 (39.6%), and the negative 55 (60.4%), As a result of the coagulase experiment of the staphylococci isolated from the nasal cavity of those who are engaged in the ward of O.B. ＆ G.Y. all were revealed as negative that belonged to non-pathogenic. 12. Consequence of the biochemic examination of the gram negative bacilli isolated from the air of the ward the aerobacter aerogens revealed was (16.7%) E-coli 5％ in the nasal cavity of those came and went to the of O.B. ＆ G.Y. and Aerobacter aerogens 7.5%.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.47-51
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• 1986

유용자원(有用資源) 확보(確保)와 농업용(農業用) 항생물질(抗生物質) 탐색(探索)을 위(爲)한 기초자료(基礎資料)를 얻기 위해 전국(全國)에서 채집(採集)한 토양(土壤) 200점(點)에 대(對)해 방선균중(放線菌中) Streptomyces속(屬) 균주(菌株)의 분포(分布)를 조사(調査)한 결과(結果), 1. 지대별(地帶別) 균분포(菌分布)는 밭과 임야(林野)에서 비슷한 분포(分布) 를 나타내었으나 밭에서는 $5.6{\times}10^5\;colonies/g$ 으로 임야(林野)보다 더 많이 분포(分布)되어 있었고 논에서는 $2.2{\times}10^5\;colonies/g$ 으로 가장 적게 분포(分布)되어 있었다. 2. 토양(土壤) 심도별(深度別) 균주분포(菌株分布)에서는 토양(土壤) 표면(表面)에서 $1.05{\times}10^6\;colonies/g$ 으로 가장 많이 분포(分布)되어 있었고 대체로 5cm 이내에 많은 분포(分布)를 보였으며 5cm 이하(以下)에서는 심도별(深度別)로 감소(減少)하는 경향(傾向)이었다. 3. 토색(土色)에 따른 균주(菌株) 분포(分布)에서는 채취토양(採取土壤)의 색(色)이 olive yellow 토양(土壤)에서 $9.2{\times}10^5\;colonies/g$ 으로 가장 많이 분리(分離)되었다. 4. 토양(土壤) 산도별(酸度別) 균주(菌株) 분포(分布)에서는 pH 7.5 에서 $1.05{\times}10^6\;colonies/g$ 으로 가장 많은 분포(分布)를 보였다. 5. 분리(分離)한 균주(菌株)를 균총색(菌叢色)으로 분류(分類)한 결과(結果)는 회색계통(灰色系統)이 60%, 백색계통(白色系統)이 26% 를 차지하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.188-195
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• 2000

정상 흰쥐 유선상피세포 및 DMBA로 유도안 흰쥐 유선암세포를 in vitro 상태에서 배양시키며 이들의 성장과 증식에 대한 홍삼 사포닌(조사포닌, 총사포닌, Rbl, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rhl, Rtl2)의 영향을 관찰하였다. 홍삼 사포닌들의 세포 배양중 발생하는 4종의 세포집락의 형태(cobble stone, spindle, honey comb, senescence)에 영향을 미쳤다. 배양한 세포집락에 lucifer yellow용액을 이용하여 SLDT결과 홍삼 사포닌을 첨가하고 배양한 세포군에서 배양 2주째 세포 간극을 통한 세포간 정보전달체계가 양성을 나타내었다. 이것으로 홍삼사포닌이 분화가 덜된 상피 간세포의 분화를 촉진시켜 분화의 지표 중 하나인 세포체포신호전달을 유도한 것으로 사료된다. 그리고 정상 유선 및 유선암 미세절편들을 Matrigel에 배양한 결과 분화의 종 지표인 수종의 다세포구조물이 생성됨을 확인하였는데 정상 조직과 유선암세포로부터 생성된 구조물 ductal, webbed, stellate, squamous colony들of 생성되었는데 유선암세포로부터는 alveloar unit, foamy alveolar nit, squmaous, lobule-ductal, stellate, webbed colony들이 생성되어 다소 상이함을 확인하였다. 그러나 홍삼사포닌을 첨가하여 배양하였을 때 수종의 다세포 구조물 발생 빈도가 변하는 것으로 미루어 보아 홍삼 사포닌이 이들 다세포 구조물의 발생에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다. 편평상피암의 전암병소라 일컬어지는 편평상피화생의 경우홍삼 사포닌의 존재 하에 이들의 생성이 억제되고 분화가된 ductal colony들의 수가 증가된 것으로 보아 암예방 효과의 기전을 이해하는데 중요한 단서를 제공할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.579-584
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• 2008

A commercial chromogenic agar medium (DFI) was supplemented with glucose (mDFI) to enhance the specificity of Enterobacter sakazakii (E. sakazakit) detection. Escherichia vulneris (E. vulneris), a putative false-positive strain on the DFI medium, produces ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. The enzyme ${\alpha}$-glucosidase hydrolyzes a substrate, 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-${\alpha}$, D-glucopyranoside $(X{\alpha}Glc)$, producing green colonies. E. sakazakii strains produced green colonies on both DFI and mDFI agar, whereas E. vulneris produced green colonies on DFI agar but small white colonies on mDFI agar. E. sakazakii and E. vulneris were also readily differentiated by colony color when the mixed culture of the two strains was plated on mDFI agar and incubated for 24 h at $37^{\circ}C$. The results indicate that the selectivity of the commercial chromogenic agar medium could be improved by a simple supplementation with glucose.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 1998

We have examined in vitro and in vivo radioprotective effect of a Chinese medicinal plants prescription, Lifukang. Micronucleus assay was employed to evaluate in vitro radioprotective effect of Lifukang. In the presence of Lifukang, the frequencies of miconuclei were greatly reduced from 7.2 to 2.9, 1.6 and 1.6% at the concentrations of Lifukang from 0 to 2, 10 and $50{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. For in vivo assay, we monitored the incidences of apoptotic cells in mouse small intestine crypts and endogeneous spleen colonies. When Lifukang was administered to mice P.O. Or I.P. at doses of 1 mg/ml in drinking water for 7 days or 0.3 mg/mouse 24 hrs prior to irradiations, respectively, the average numbers of apoptotic cells were reduced to 3.1 or 2.3, respectively, as compared to 4.4 acquired from untreated control experiments. In addition, in spleen colony assay, Lifukang increased the number of hematopoietic spleen colonies. When samples were administered after irradiation, better results were obtained. The numbers of spleen colonies were increased from 14 colonies to 18.3 or 19.6 colonies when Lifukang was given through P.O. (1 mg/ml in drinking water for 11 days) or I.P. (0.3 mg/ mouse) after irradiation, respectively.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.179-183
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• 2016

Even though klotho deficiency in mice exhibits multiple aging-like phenotypes, studies using large animal models such as pigs, which have many similarities to humans, have been limited due to the absence of cell lines or animal models. The objective of this study was to generate homozygous klotho knockout porcine cell lines and cloned embryos. A CRISPR sgRNA specific for the klotho gene was designed and sgRNA (targeting exon 3 of klotho) and Cas9 RNPs were transfected into porcine fibroblasts. The transfected fibroblasts were then used for single cell colony formation and 9 single cell-derived colonies were established. In a T7 endonuclease I mutation assay, 5 colonies (#3, #4, #5, #7 and #9) were confirmed as mutated. These 5 colonies were subsequently analyzed by deep sequencing for determination of homozygous mutated colonies and 4 (#3, #4, #5 and #9) from 5 colonies contained homozygous modifications. Somatic cell nuclear transfer was performed to generate homozygous klotho knockout cloned embryos by using one homozygous mutation colony (#9); the cleavage and blastocyst formation rates were 72.0% and 8.3%, respectively. Two cloned embryos derived from a homozygous klotho knockout cell line (#9) were subjected to deep sequencing and they showed the same mutation pattern as the donor cell line. In conclusion, we produced homozygous klotho knockout porcine embryos cloned from genome-edited porcine fibroblasts.

• 한국동물번식학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국동물번식학회 2003년도 학술발표대회 발표논문초록집
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• pp.55-55
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• 2003

The random insertion of useful gene in genome has been a common method to produce transgenic animals. This method is inefficient for induction of high levels gene expression in transgenic animals. To improve this limit, we tried to develop the system which target the gene at the specific genomic region. Thus, in our experiment, the vector system to target the human thrombopoietin (TPO) gene was developed. Targeting vector including TPO, neo and DT genes was transfrcted into bovine embryonic fibroblasts (bEF) or bovine ear skin fibroblasts (bESF). First of all, we determined concentration of the geneticin (G418) for selection of transfected cell lines. Our results showed that 1200 and 900 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of G418 were the most proper for selection of transfscted bEF and bESF cells. In this study, lipofectamine was used as a transfection reagent. Thus, the proper ratio of DNA:lipofectamine for transfection was also required to elevate targeting efficiency in primary mammalian cells. Our result indicates that the most proper ratios of DNA:lipofectamine were 4:2 and 1:2 in bEF and bESF cells. According to the optimized these conditions, single colonies were picked following transfection and were analyzed by PCR. More than 90% of the single colonies have TPO gene. However, there were no colonies with targeted TPO at the specific genomic region. Therefore, further experiments to select the specifically targeted colonies and to find more efficient methods such as reducing selection time and shortening a size of TPO gene are required.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.297-305
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• 1997

A new serum-free defined medium was developed that supports the growth of normal rat mammary epithelial cells. Mammary organoids from the glands of female F344 rats were cultured in a serum-free medium. Monolayer culture colonies developed within a week and remained viable for months in culture. Upon subculture of one-week-old primary colonies, almost the same morphology of colonies was developed. The scrape loading/dye transfer technique showed that most of colonies that developed in a serum-free medium containing EGF, human transferrin, insulin, and hydrocortisone (basal serum-free medium, BSFM) failed to show cell-cell communication. However, colonies cultured in BSFM supplemented with prolactin, $E_2$, and progesterone (complete hormone serum-free medium, CHSFM) showed cell-cell communication at 14 days of primary culture or of subculture. By flow cytometry with FITCPNA and PE-anti-Thy-1.1 monoclonal antibody, we distinguished four RMEC subpopulations in cultures in both media: Thy-1.1+ cells, PNA+ cells, cells negative to both reagents and cells positive to both reagents. It is likely that combined prolactin, cortisol, and insulin in CHSFM stimulate terminal differentiation of clonogenic cells.

• 생태와환경
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• 제34권4호통권96호
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• pp.292-297
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• 2001

충남 홍성의 작은 연못에서 수행되고 있는 식물플랑크톤 연주기의 모델링 연구 과정에서 녹조류 Dictyosphaerium pulchellum의 대발생 과정을 2000년 t월부터 2001년 1월까지 추적하였다. D. pulchellum은 연중 드물게 출현하였으나, 밀도는 3월 12일부터 증가하기 시작하여, 4월 2일에는 $59,200\;co1ony\;mL^{-1}$로 대발생하였고, 4월 16에 급감하였다. 군체는 보통 8세포와 16세포로 이루어졌으나, 대발생이 진행될수록 32세포와 64세포 군체들로 대치되었고, 대발생 후기에는 대부분의 군체가 64세포였다. D. pulchellum세포들은 대발생의 초기에는 건강하였으나,3월 19일부터 기생생물에 감염되어 있는 군체들이 나타났으며,4월 9일에는 대부분의 군체들이 기생생물로 감염되었다. 기생생물로 감염된 세포들은 엽록체가 파괴되었고, 피레노이드도 발달되지 않았다. 현재 진행되고 있는 D. pulchellum의 개체군과 환경요인, 경쟁 및 기생생물과의 관계에 대한 연구는 D. pulchellum의 대발생 과정에 관한 새로운 정보를 제공할 것이다.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.83-89
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• 1994

토양중 Pythium속 사상균의 취락조사시 희석평판을 위한 희석배수가 균수에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 희석배수 1:50은 1:100보다 기대했던 것 보다 Pythium속 취락수가 감소했으며 높은 희석배수에서도 뚜렷한 상관관계를 보이지 않음. 2. 토양시료를 이용한 희석배수실험에서도 유사한 결과를 보였으나 1:50의 회석반복실험결과는 상관관계가 관찰되었음. 그러나 토양을 풍건시켰을 경우 취락의 감소경향을 발견하였음. 3. 본 시험에 사용한 두개의 사탕수수포장에서 채취한 토양에서 Pythium번식체가 균일하게 존재하지 않는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 희석배수 1:50일때 상관관계를 보인 것은 토양중 균사파편 혹은 분주과정에서 균사위조현상에 기인된 것으로 생각됨.