• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.931-936
• /
• 2006

This study sought to investigate any additive or interactive effects that soy isoflavones may have on the ecosystem of the gut, which is influenced by fructooligosaccharide (FOS) in colon-cancer model rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine were given experimental diets containing 0, 3, 6, or 9% FOS with or without 0.1% soy isoflavone for 12 weeks. In addition to the effects of FOS dosage on the gut ecosystem, dietary supplementation with soy isoflavone reduced the number of colonic aberrant crypts (ACs). The fecal weight, fecal pH, and gut transit time significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner in rats fed FOS and the fecal concentration of bifidobacteria was higher in rats fed FOS than in control rats. The fecal output of total short-chain fatty acids, acetate, and propionate was significantly increased by the presence of FOS and was negatively correlated with the number of ACs, whereas the fecal output of butyrate showed no significant correlation with FOS dosage. The addition of soy isoflavone to the diet did not result in any significant differences in gut ecosystem parameters. Therefore, we conclude that the suppressive effect of soy isoflavone on ACs was not associated with the intestinal ecosystem, which was significantly altered by the dosage of FOS.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
• /
• 제15권4호
• /
• pp.599-602
• /
• 2006

The effects of ethanol extract from radish seeds on gastrointestinal function in rats were investigated. Rats were divided into 2 groups of 8 rats each, the basal group and the radish seed ethanol extract group. The radish seed ethanol extract group had a significantly decreased gastrointestinal transit time, but a significantly increased fecal weight compared with the basal group. The radish seed ethanol extract group also had significantly higher duodenal villus height and greater colonic mucosal thickness than the basal group. The radish seed ethanol extract group had a greater proliferation of 5-bromo-2-deoxy-uridine (BrdU) immunoreactive cells in the gastric mucosa as well as in the mucosa and submucosa of the small and large intestine than did the basal group. Thus, radish seed ethanol extract may be useful in preventing constipation based on the observation of an increase in fecal weight, a decrease in gastrointestinal transit time, and positive changes in the intestinal mucosa.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제6권3호
• /
• pp.219-230
• /
• 1993

This research aims to study the changes In gastrointestinal function attributed to aging In human. The thresholds for recognition and detection of flavors became elevated and salivary gland acinar cells decreased in the old age. But most esophageal function remained relatively Intact. Although gastric emptying time has been slowed with aging, the total intestinal transit time did not differ. Atropic gastritis due to H. pylori in old man decreased secretion of acid and Intrinsic factor and absorbability of calcium and iron. Pancreatic secretion is droned in older persons. Prevalence of gallstones rised with age. Liver size and portal blood flow decreased significantly with age. Mucosal surface area has been reported to be slightly diminished in the aging man. Glucose transporters decreased and Insulin tolerance Increased. Absorption of aromatic amino acid is diminished with age. Dietary protein In that aging human increased fecal nitrogen excretion. Vitamin A tolerance increased. Vitamin D receptor concentration decreased and resistance to 1,25-(OH)2D3 action increased. Permeability of aging small Intestine Increased. Zinc balance dirt not differ Copper absorption appeared not to be significantly affected by age. Neurotensin secretion decreased thus slowed colonic peristaltic movements and Intestinal mucosal growth.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제31권5호
• /
• pp.640-646
• /
• 2018

Cassia obtusifolia L. is commonly used as medicinal foods to treat gastrointestinal disease in many countries. This study evaluated the anti-constipation effects of ethanolic extract of Cassia obtusifolia L. in rats with loperamide-induced constipation. Diffferent concentrations of ethanolic extract of Cassia obtusifolia L. (0, 10, 250, and 500 mg/kg) was administered to rat orally once daily for 3 weeks following loperamide treatment. Six-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats (N=25) were randomly divided into five groups: normal control and experimental groups and injected loperamide intraperitoneally to induce constipation in the latter four experimental groups. Following the induction of loperamide-induced constipation, a marked decrease was observed in the fecal weight and water content discharged for over 1 week and intestinal transit time while an increase was observed in the number of fecal pellets remaining in the colonic lumen as compared with the normal control group. These conditions were significantly alleviated following the administration of the two doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) of ethanolic extract of Cassia obtusifolia L. when compared to the loperamide-treated (constipation control) group. More specifically, the number of fecal pellets in the colon was 3, 5, 4, 2.8, and 1.2 in the five groups, respectively and the corresponding GIT ratio was 70.77, 56.59, 58.67, 66.81, and 72.10%, respectively. The fecal water content, transit distance, and GIT ratio in the high-dose treatment group were significantly higher than that in the medium-dose treatment group, but a significant decrease in the number of fecal pellets in the colon. In conclusion, the Cassia obtusifolia L. extract is suggested to have beneficial effects as a therapeutic and preventive strategy to alleviate constipation and to relieve the symptoms of constipation such as pain, flatulence, distention, bloating, and unpleasant taste.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제2권2호
• /
• pp.55-61
• /
• 2008

We investigated the combinatorial effects of different doses of dietary soy isoflavones (SI) and fructooligosaccharide (FOS) in a rat model of colon cancer. We hypothesized that increased bioavailability of SI metabolites due to dietary FOS may increase production of bioactive equol and affect colon carcinogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. Sprague-Dawley male rats were injected with 12-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and were providec experimental diets that contained 0, 10, 50, 150, or 500 mg SI per kg of diet and 6% FOS for 12 weeks. The number of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in colonic tissues were significantly decreased in the 6% FOS-fed groups compared to the control group. Gut transit time and fecal pH were significantly lower, and fecal concentrations of bifidobacteria were increased with 6% FOS. However, dietary SI supplementation in combination with 6% dietary FOS did not affect ACF formation or COX-2 expression. Plasma equol concentrations were dose-dependently increased by supplementation of SI up to 500 mg/kg of diet. In conclusion, SI supplementation up to 500 mg/kg of diet appeared to have no additive beneficial effects in rats with chemically-induced colon cancer that were fed 6% FOS, although plasma equol was dose-dependently increased.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
• /
• 제36권6호
• /
• pp.720-726
• /
• 2007

본 연구는 생다시마를 주성분으로 제조한 가공제품이 배변활동과 장 내용물의 대장통과시간에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 만성 기능성 변비 증세를 지닌 연구대상자 32명의 자발적인 참여로 이루어졌다. 이들 연구대상자를 8명씩 4개 실험군으로 나누어 2주간 1일 3회 식간에각각의 실험물질을 섭취하도록 하였고, 6주간의 휴지기간을둔 후, 다시 2주간 동일한 실험물질을 급여하였다. Control군은 150 mL의 생수를 3회 섭취하도록 하였고, +Control군은 생수 150 mL 이외에 생약 성분의 변비약을 취침 전에 1회복용하도록 하였으며, STT군은 생다시마차를 150 mL에 타서 3회 음용하도록 하였고, STB군은 150 mL로 포장된 생다시마음료를 섭취하도록 하였다. 총 대장통과시간 측정은 방사능 비투과성 표지자($Kolomark^{TM}$)를 3일간 매일 아침에 섭취하도록 한 후 4일째에 단순 복부 엑스선 촬영을 하여구하였다. 본 실험결과, 연구대상자 스스로 판정한 자신의 배변활동은 생다시마차의 섭취로 변비가 개선되었다. 1차 실험에서 생다시마차의 섭취는 배변횟수증가, 배변시 힘주기 강도, 배변량 증가, 잔변감의 감소 및 주요 배변 시간대의개선 등 유의성 있는 효과를 보였다. 2차 실험에서는 비록 구체적 항목에서는 유의한 차이가 나타나지 않았지만 배변활동의 평균 점수가 유의하게 낮아져 역시 배변활동 개선효과를 나타내었다. 생다시마차의 배변활동 개선 효과는 생약제재의 변비약을 복용한 효과와 거의 같았다. 이외의 배변활동 항목인 대변의 굳기, 배변시 힘주기 및 배변 소요시간에 있어서도, 유의성은 없었으나 개선의 추세를 보였다. 이러한 점으로 미루어 생다시마차가 생다시마 음료에 비해 변비 개선 효능이 좀 더 낮다고 판단된다. 방사선 비투과성 표지자의 총 대장통과시간은 +Control군만 1차와 2차 실험모두에서 유의하게 감소되었다. 이는 예상했던 결과와 같으며 시중에서 판매되는 식이섬유를 주성분으로 하는 변비약이 결장의 운동기능을 향상시켜 장 내용물의 대장통과시간을 단축시킨 것이라고 해석된다. Control군은 1차 실험에서는 +Control군과 근사한 정도로 총 대장통과시간을 단축하는 효과를 보였으나 2차 실험에서는 아무런 효과도 보이지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 생수의 음용 시 온도가 1차와 2차실험 간에 달랐기 때문이 아닌가 추측된다. 본 실험결과로 미루어 볼 때 하루에 3회씩 냉장온도의 생수를 150 mL씩 섭취하는 것은 결장의 운동기능을 향상시키는 효과가 시판되는 변비약과 비슷한 정도라고 해석된다. 예상과는 달리 STT군과 STB군에서는 총 대장통과시간이 감소하는 경향은 보였으나 유의성은 없었다. 이는 배변활동이 개선되었다고 응답한 결과와 일치하지 않았다. 그러나 대장통과시간의측정 방법이 갖는 제한점을 생각할 때 생다시마차와 생다시마 음료의 동 개선 효능은 인정된다. 생다시마차나 생다시마 음료도 1차 실험 때에는 차가운 상태로 음용했는바 차가운생수만큼 총 대장통과시간의 단축 효과가 나타나지 않은 점은 본 연구결과만으로는 해석하기 어렵다. 아마도 생수와 여러 물질의 혼합용액의 온도가 장에 끼치는 자극에 차이가 있지 않나 추측되며 이에 관한 추후 연구가 요망된다. 총대장통과시간의 단축은 결장 분절 모두에서 줄어들어 나타났으나 좌측결장 통과시간의 감소 및 이로 인한 이 부위의 통과시간 비율의 저하가 가장 주요하였다. 이러한 결과는 차가운 생수 섭취가 주로 결장 근위부를 자극하는 효과를 발휘하는 것이 아닌가 해석된다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 통해 생다시마를 주원료로 개발된 생다시마차와 생다시마 음료가 만성 기능성 변비 증세를 개선하는 효능이 잠재적으로 있음을 확인하였다. 그러나 생약제재의 변비약 수준으로 변비 개선 효능을 증대하기 위해서는 재료 배합비의 개선이나 대장 운동기능을 향상시키는 유효성분의 보강 등이 필요하다는 점도 알 수 있었다.