• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.125-131
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• 2010

Purpose: Among available biomaterials, bioceramics have drawn special interest due to their bioactivity and the possibility of tailoring their composition. The degradation rate and formulation of bioceramics can be altered to mimic the compositions of the mineral phase of bone. The aim of this study was to investigate the bone formation effect of amorphous calcium phosphate glass cement (CPGC) synthesized by a melting and quenching process. Methods: In five male beagle dogs, $4{\times}4$ mm 1-wall intrabony defects were created bilaterally at the mesial or distal aspect of the mandibular second and fourth premolars. Each of the four defects was divided according to graft materials: CPGC with collagen membrane (CM), biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) with CM, CM alone, or a surgical flap operation only. The dogs were sacrificed 8 weeks post-surgery, and block sections of the defects were collected for histologic and histometric analysis. Results: There were significant differences in bone formation and cementum regeneration between the experimental and control groups. In particular, the CPGC and BCP groups showed greater bone formation than the CM and control groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, CPGC was replaced rapidly with an abundant volume of new bone; CPGC also contributed slightly to regeneration of the periodontal apparatus.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.43-53
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• 2007

The purpose of this experimental study was to examine the effect of the decontamination of carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) laser in treatment of ligature-induced peri-implantitis in dogs. A total 24 implants with a sandblasted with large-grit and acid-etched (SLA) surface were inserted in six mongrel dogs. After a 3-month healing period, experimental peri-implantitis characterized by a bone loss of about 3mm was established by inducing with wires. And then wires were removed and plaque control was implemented. Surgical treatment involving flap procedure + debridement of implants surface with chlorhexidine and saline (group 1), flap procedure + GBR with absorbable collagen membrane (Bio-Gide) and mineralized bone graft (Bio-Oss) (group 2), and flap procedure + $CO_2$ laser application + GBR (group 3) was performed. The animals were killed 8 weeks and 16 weeks after treatment, respectively. A histomorphometric analysis confirmed statistically considerable new bone formation within the limit of the 5 most coronal threads in group 3 compared with group 1 at 16 weeks (P<0.05). And intragroup analysis showed considerable increase of new bone formation in group 3 at 16 weeks compared with 8 weeks (P<0.05). The present study demonstrates considerable new bone formation after treatment of experimental peri-implantitis with flap procedure, $CO_2$ laser application and GBR.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.39-56
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• 1991

The development of notochordal cells of nucleus pulposus was studied with electron microscope in human fetuses ranging from 30 mm to 260 mm crown-rump length. At 30 mm fetus, primitive notochordal cells were large with central nucleus, few organelles, and their cytoplasm usually contained dense glycogen and fine filaments. Notochordal cells at all ages contained bundles of fine filaments of indeterminate nature. One unusual feature of fetal notochordal cells was the consistent presense of rough endoplasmic reticulum surrounding poorly developed mitochondria. At 50 mm fetus, notochordal cells formed dense masses with interdigitating cell membranes connected by a variety of cell to cell junctions. With increasing age, the cell connections became slender threaded cytoplamic extending from cell and enclosed large extracellular space. Chondrocyte-like cells appeared to be separated by large volumes of extracellular matrix. Viable notochordal and condrocyte-like cells existed in specimen from all age. The extracellular spaces were filled with fibrillar and granular material by 90 mm fetus. Necrotic cells were distinguished by loss of their membrane integrity, vacuolization of their organelles, and the presence of dense osmiophilic masses. In adult tissue, notochordal cells became rounded or irregular in shape and developed a pericellular matrix consisting of collagen fibrile, and dense particle. The structure of notochordal cells and their persistance in the nucleus pulposus after fetal life suggested that they may have a significant role in the formation and maintenance of the nucleus pulposus. The presence of Golgi complex and well-developed endoplasmic reticulum in chondrocyte-like cells suggested that they are capable of producing and maintaining the extracellular matrix.

• BMB Reports
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.206-211
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• 2001

Endostatin, a proteolytic fragment of collagen XVIII, is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis and the growth of several primary tumors. However, the opinions on the activity of endostatin derivatives deleted N- or C- terminal are still controversial. In this regard, we produced mouse endostatin and its derivatives in the prokaryotic system, and studied their anti-tumor activity. The [$^3H$]-thymidine incorporation assay demonstrated that N-terminal deleted mouse endostatin, and a C- and N-terminal deleted mutant, effectively inhibited the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The biological activity of endostatin was also shown by its in vivo anti-angiogenic ability on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of a chick embryo. Treatment of $200\;{\mu}g$ of mouse endostatin, or N-terminal deleted mouse endostatin, inhibited capillary formation of CAM 45 to 71%, which is comparative to a 80% effect of positive control, $1\;{\mu}g$ of retinoic acid. An in vivo mouse tumor growth assay showed that N-terminal deleted mouse endostatin, and the N-/C-terminal deleted mutant, significantly repressed the growth of B16F10 melanoma cells in mice as did the full-length mouse endostatin. According to these results, N-and N-/C-terminal deleted mouse endostatins are the potent inhibitors of tumor growth and angiogenesis.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.61-75
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• 1999

To examine the effect of Xuefuzhuyutang on the metastasis of cancer, the following experiments were carried out. Before the main experiments, the cytotoxicity was measured by putting Xuefuzhuyutant sample in HT1080. Then zymography was made to examine the change of gelatinolytic activity. Western blotting was carried out to examine the changes of Fos, Jun, Ets, Erk, md JNK. In vitro invasion assay with transwells coated by collagen and matrigel was carried out. From the above results the following conclusions were obtained. 1. The experimental result about cytotoxicity of Xuefuzhuyutang agaitst HT1080 was a below. The stained cell count after being treated by by Xuefuzhuyutang sample $400{\mu}g/ml$ for 24 hours was 0.9% of total cells, and the stained cell count by Xuefuzhuyutang sample $100{\mu}g/ml$ was 1.5% of total cells. Both were near the level of control group which showed 0.6% stained. 2. The result of collagenase assay was as below. In Xuefuzhuyutang sample $400{\mu}g/ml$, MMP2 was reduced as compared with TPA control group, and the band of MMP-9 induced by TPA disapappeared. In Xuefuzhuyutang samle $800{\mu}g/ml$ both bands of MMP-2 and MMP-9 disapeared. 3. The results of western blots for Jun, Fos, Ets, Erk, JNK were a below. In Xuefuzhuyutang sample $200{\mu}g/ml$, Ets was reduced, and Jun, Fos were increased. 4 The result of invasion assay was as below. The number of cells which migrated across transwell membrane in Xuefuzhuyutang-treated group was less than that of control(+TPA) group. From the above results, it was concluded that Xuefuzhuyutang might inhibit the activity of collagenase not by the MMP-2, MMP-9 promoter but by the other way.

• THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN ORIENTAL ONCOLOGY
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.131-146
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• 1998

To examine the effect of Shiquandabutang on the metastasis of cancer, the following experiments were made. Before the main experiments, the cytotoxicity was measured by putting Shiquandabutang sample in HT1080. Then zymography was made to examine the change of gelatinolytic activity. And western blotting was carried out to examine the changes of Fos, Jun, Ets, the transcription factors of MMP-2, MMP-9, and Erk, JNK on signal transduction pathway to AP-1. Third, in vitro invasion assay with transwells coated by collagen and matrigel was carried out. From the results of the above the following conclusions were obtained. 1. The experimental result about cytotoxicity of Shiquandabutang against HT1080 was as below. The stained cell count after being treated by Shiquandabutang sample $400{\mu}g/ml$ for 24 hours was 0.9% of total cells, and the stained cell count by Shiquandabutang sample $100{\mu}g/ml$ was 1.5% of total cells. Both were near the level of control group which showed 0.6% stained. 2. The result of collagenase assay was as below. In Shiquandabutang sample $400{\mu}g/ml$, MMP-2 was reduced as compared with TPA control group, and the band of MMP-9 induced by TPA disappeared. In Shiquandabutang sample $800{\mu}g/ml$, both bands of MMP-2 and MMP-9 disappeared. 3. The results of western blots for Jun, Fos, Ets, Erk, JNK were as below. In Shiquandabutang sample $200{\mu}g/ml$, Ets was reduced, and Fos were increased. 4. The result of invasion assay was as below. The number of cells which migrated across transwell membrane in Shiquandabutang-treated group was less than that of +TPA control group. From the above results, it was concluded that Shiquandabutang might control the appearing and acting of collagenase not by the MMP-2, -9 promoter but by other way.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

We cultured canine kidney(MDCK) cells stably expressing aquaporin-2(AQP2) on collagen-coated permeable membrane filters and examined the effect of extracellular ATP on arginine vasopressin(AVP)-stimulated fluid transport and cAMP production. Exposure of cell monolayers to basolateral AVP resulted in stimulation of apical to basolateral net fluid transport driven by osmotic gradient which was formed by addition of 500 mM mannitol to basolateral bathing solution. Pre-exposure of the basolateral surface of cell monolayers to ATP(100 ${\mu}M$) for 30 min significantly inhibited the AVP-stimulated net fluid transport. In these cells, AVP-stimulated cAMP production was suppressed as well. Profile of the effects of different nucleotides suggested that the $P2Y_2$ receptor is involved in the action of ATP. ATP inhibited the effect of isoproterenol as well, but not that of forskolin to stimulate cAMP production. The inhibitory effect of ATP on AVP-stimulated fluid movement was attenuated by a protein kinase C inhibitor, calphostin C or pertussis toxin. These results suggest that prolonged activation of the P2 receptors inhibits AVP-stimulated fluid transport and cAMP responses in AQP2 transfected MDCK cells. Depressed responsiveness of the adenylyl cyclase by PKC-mediated modification of the pertussis-toxin sensitive $G_i$ protein seems to be the underlyihng mechanism.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.270-275
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• 2003

Histochemical characteristic and ultrastructure of the mantle of the granular ark, Tegillarca granosa are described using light and electron microscopy. The mantle of the clam is composed of outer epidermis, connective tissue and inner epidermis. The simple epidermis consists of supporting cells, ciliated cells of the two types and secretory cells of three types. Connective tissue is composed of matrix, collagen fibers, muscular fibers and hemolymph sinus. The columnar supporting cell is covered with microvilli on the free surface. Ciliated cells are distributed in the inner epidermis with numerous cilia, microvilli and tubular mitochondria. Secretory cells could be classified into three types (A, B and C) with morphological features of the secretory granules. Type A secretory cells contains secretory granules with fibrous materials of high electron density Type B secretory cells are more abundant than the other cells, and contains secretory granules of membrane-bounded and high electron density. Secretory granules of the type C cells are divided into fibrous core layer and homogeneous peripheral layer. Type B secretory cells are abundant in the both epidermis of marginal mantle, while large number of type A and C secretory cells are evident in the outer epidermis of the central and umbonal mantle. This result showed that the outer and the inner epidermis of the mantle are related with shell formation and cleaning of the mantle cavity, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.147-155
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• 2016

This study describes the cell type, ultrastructure and histochemical characteristics as a preliminary study for the research on integument of the smooth lumpsucker, Aptocyclus ventricosus in accordance with the physiological and environmental changes using light and electron microscopes. The SEM revealed the presence of well-developed finger printing structure in the skin surface. The skin surface of the smooth lumpsucker showed an irregular folds in cross section of light microscope. Integument is composed of outer epidermal and inner dermal layer. The epidermal layer is a stratified layer composed of epithelial cells, mucous cells, vacuolar cells, and granular cells. Epithelial cells are classified into superficial, intermediated, and basal cell. The superficial cells were the squamous with well-developed microridges on the free surface, and the microridges were covered with glycocalyx. The mucous cells of unicellular gland were mainly distributed in the apical layer of epidermis and contained mucosal materials of neutral glycoprotein. The vacuolar cells of unicellular gland were mainly distributed in the mid and basal layer of epidermis. The proportion of mucous cells and vacuolar cells were $7.0({\pm}1.07)%$ and $40.6({\pm}3.31)%$ of epidermal area, respectively. The granular cells contained membrane bounded secretory granules with high electron density and developed cell organelles in the cytoplasm. The dermal layer was loose connective tissue layer and composed of mainly collagen fibers. It also contained blood vessels and chromatophores of melanophores and reflecting platelets.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.253-266
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• 1995

Recently, available interests concerning the biologic significance of the extracellular matrix and proliferating cells associated with periodontal disease has been increased. The distribution or expression of cellular proliferation by PCNA, macrophage detection by ${\alpha}$-l-antichymotrypsin, fibronectin playing a important role in host defence mechanisms indirectly, and transglutaminase that cross linked to fibronectin and stimulate fibrin stabilization were studied in inflammed and healthy gingiva. The excised tissue samples were fixed neutral formalin for 24 hours, embedded with paraffin, sectioned at 4-61lffi in thickness, and immunohistochemically processed by LSAB method. The positive reaction to PCNA was localized in the suprabasal and basal layer of inflammed gingiva and an increasing reactivity was observed than healthy gingiva. ${\alpha}$-I-antichymotrypsin positive cells were localized in the basal layer of inflammed gingiva, and there was no or rare positive cells in healthy gingiva. The positive reaction to fibronectin in inflammed gingiva was more than healthy gingiva,"and shown in the connective tissue subjacent to basement membrane of epithelium and in the periphery of the collagen fiber bundles. The positive cells by transglutaminase in inflammed gingiva were noted in suprabasal, spinous, and keratin layer of epithelium, and slightly increased in the capillaries of connective tissues. But the results of this study demonstrated in vitro reaction. Therefore, the role of PCNA,${\alpha}$-l-antichyrnotrypsin, transglutaminase, fibronectin and coefficient with other growth factor and extracellular matrix were further investigated in vivo.