• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 9th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.42-49
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• 2022

In recent years, Owner, Architects, and Contractor are increasingly collaborating with each other from pre construction phase in construction projects, which is called Early Contractor Involvement (ECI). In Japan, the ECI method has been introduced in several public building projects since 2015. The purpose of this study is mainly to clarify the characteristics of the ECI method in Japan and to compare the contract clauses of the ECI method in the UK and the USA. The results of the survey are as follows. (1) the ECI method was supposed to make it possible to achieve appropriate quality, cost, and construction period by reflecting Contractor's technology and know-how in the design documents and specifications. (2) According to the database, there were 27 cases of the ECI method in Japan from 2015 to 2021, of which 13 cases for which bidding information could be obtained had a variety of technical proposals, mainly VE proposals, depending on the project characteristics. (3), Japan's ECI method has very much in common with SBC + PCSA in the UK. On the other hand, ECI Method in Japan differs from in the UK in that Owner, Architect, and Contractor enter into a partnership agreement, which is similar to ConsensusDocs CD541 in the USA. (4) The ECI method in Japan has the following problems: Owner depends on Contractor for cost control, the division of roles among project members is complicated, and more work from Owner than the DBB method are required.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제14권8호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2023

Using a procurement and construction stage emphasis on the capabilities of the Sub-Contractor (SC), the present research aims to discover the types of unfair activities between the Main Contractor (MC) and SC and their influence on project completion. This research also tries to figure out solutions which can reduce unfair activities between MC and SC. Research design, data and methodology: The qualitative textual analysis was selected for the current research and has been used by numerous previous researchers commonly to review relevant themes in the prior resources and suggested for researchers who conduct a reviewing procedure to analyze meta-analysis approach for figuring out better research findings from prior resources. Results: The result indicates the prevalence and consequences of bid shopping, emphasizing the need for transparency and fair bidding practices. Late payment issues were also found to be crucial for subcontractors' financial stability, urging the implementation of prompt payment legislation and agreements. Conclusions: In conclusion, the research revealed that subcontracting is common in construction projects, with general contractors relying on multiple subcontractors to carry out specific work items. The accomplishment of building projects hinges on the collaborative efforts between the main contractor (MC) and subcontractors (SCs), each focusing on different aspects of the project.

• 영어영문학
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• 제57권5호
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• pp.701-725
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• 2011

This paper attempts to read "The Nightingale" as an experimental proponent of Lyrical Ballads of 1798, one that inaugurated British Romanticism. It is never accidental for this poem to come to replace "Lewti" at the last moment of publication and to be tied to the poetic principles manifested in the "Advertisement" of the 1798 volume. The speaker of this poem, for example, is an ordinary man, who presents himself as a friend and a loving father. Opting for conversational styles rather than blindly copying literary conceits, he even incorporates an evening episode he happens to recall into a legitimate subject matter. The notion of "conversation," which appears in the subtitle, offers a key to figuring out the ideal of poetic language, the figure of the poet, and compositional procedures Coleridge and Wordsworth proposed in their collaborative project. "The Nightingale" can be a dubious, if not totally failed, poetical journey to subverting an incidence of misnaming acts. He finally reaches the limits of poetic figuration in a process of textualizing nature. The leitmotif of "In nature there is nothing melancholy" testifies to the fact that the bird nightingale, which the narrator is hard at work to rename as a joyous bird, is nothing but a poetic metaphor. "The Nightingale" is more likely to be a revisional, regenerative performance based on the strategy of conversation than an embodiment of a daring novelty.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 5th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.80-86
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• 2013

Knotworking represents a distributed collaborative expertise in pursuit of a task that is organized among designers from different design disciplines. Construction processes involve phases and tasks that cannot be solved in one organization only, as integration of expert knowledge from various sources is needed. Through knotworking, groups of people, tasks and tools are set to work intensively for a short period of time to solve a problem or accomplish a task. Knotworking requires intensive collaboration across organizational boundaries and hierarchies. The practice of knotworking has been developed and applied in the development of healthcare organizations, libraries and school-university relationships, but it has not previously been applied in the construction industry. In this paper, we describe the concept of knotworking and the findings of a case study that we completed in the Finnish construction industry. We will also compare the similarities and differences of the Big Room and knotworking in terms of participants, duration, target, space/infrastructure, benefits and challenges. Finally, we present some suggestions for further research and experimentation on knotworking in construction projects.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2023년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.81-82
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• 2023

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, the importance of remote work has been emphasized, and new digital technologies are rapidly being developed. One such digital technology is the metaverse, which combines reality and virtual space to create an expanded digital world. The metaverse can provide online collaborative spaces that visualize and transmit information and data in real-time. When applied to construction sites, this technology is expected to enable more efficient and stable project management. However, research on construction metaverses, both domestically and internationally, is still inadequate. In this study, 16 influential factors for promoting the application of metaverses to the construction industry were identified through the initial stages of the system dynamics technique. These performance factors were classified into four categories: systemrelated factors for metaverse site construction, device-related factors, user-related factors, and construction site-related factors. It is expected that this study will promote research on the activation of Con-Metaverse by developing casual loop diagrams(CLD) to identify the relationship between each performance factor and constructing stock & flow diagrams(SFD) for simulations in future studies.

• 스마트미디어저널
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.62-73
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• 2024

This research, conducted over a three-year period starting from 2020, was a collaborative project between practitioners in the field of VE design and the Korea Expressway Corporation, aimed at innovating the design VE project to construct an intelligent ICT-based smart highway and enhancing highway driving performance and customer satisfaction. The research included R&D support for payment and management systems integrated with IOT technology, the application of the developed prototype at highway sites, and analysis of user performance evaluation. Based on the Innovation Work Roadmap of the Korea Expressway Corporation, the research process involved collaboration between a public participation group and an expert group, considering the technical feasibility of data-based ICT technology through the National Idea VE Contest. The final VE design results were implemented at the Seongnam tollgate site with budget support from relevant departments, followed by a satisfaction survey. It is expected that the continuous contributions to achieving an ESG society, such as the increase in the number of customers using the tolling zone equipped with smart upgrades, along with their satisfaction rate, and the reduction in carbon emissions and total settlement time of highway users, will be sustained.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.497-512
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• 2020

Anonymity is one of the key factors that influence communication and the work behaviours of people. It is even more evident in an online community where the role of anonymity can be akin to a double-edged sword: it can increase participation while at the same time having detrimental effects due to irresponsible and disruptive behaviour. Most studies on anonymous participation in groups or communities have reported this ambivalent view of anonymity: positive or negative. Furthermore, the effects of anonymous participation may be different in a dynamic sense because the task characteristics of participation can vary across time. In this study, we hypothesise that the effects of anonymity in online collaboration differ across the stages of collaboration. We analysed 2,978 featured articles on the English-language Wikipedia website and investigated the contributions of anonymous participants. While the contributions of anonymous participants were negative to collaboration efficiency as a whole, the negative effect of anonymous participants was stronger in the earlier stage than the later stage of collaboration. These findings indicate that the effect of anonymity has two sides in terms of collaboration efficiency in the same collaborative environment.

• 한국환경보건학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경보건학회 2005년도 국제학술대회
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• pp.240-248
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• 2005

To implement a globally harmonized system of classification and labeling of chemicals (GHS) in Korea, an interminsterial GHS working group involving 6 ministries established an expert working group composed of 7 experts from relevant organizations and one private consultant to prepare an officialKorean GHS version by March, 2005. As such, the translation and review of the official Korean GHS version, including annexes, started in October, 2004 and was completed on March 15, 2005. The official Korean GHS version has now been posted on the websites of the relevant ministries and organizations to solicit public opinions. The official Korean GHS version will be finalized after a public hearing scheduled forMay, 2005. Collaborative efforts as regards implementing and disseminating the GHS in Korea will be continued to avoid any confusion or duplication and for effective use of resources. The globally harmonized system of classifying and labeling chemicals (GHS) was originally adopted in 1992 at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), as subsequently reflected in Agenda 21 chapter 19. The work was coordinated and managed under the auspices of the Interorganization Programme for the Sound Management of Chemicals(IOMC) Coordinating Group for the Harmonization of Chemical Classification Systems (UNCEGHS). The technical focal points for completing the work were the International Labour Organization (ILO); Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD); and United Nations Economic and Social Council's Subcommittee of Experts on the Transport of Dangerous Goods (UNSCETDG). The work was finalized in October 2002, and the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg on 4 September 2002 encouraged countries to implement the new GHS as soon as possible with a view to having the system fully operational by 2008 (UN, 2003). Implementation has already started with pilot countries introducing the system to their national practices in different regions of the world. The GHS text, called the purple book, becameavailable as a W publication in early 2003. The GHS text, called the purple book, becameavailable as a UN publication in early 2003. The GHS system will be kept dynamic, and regularly revised and made more efficient as experience is gained in its implementation. While national or regional governments are the primary audiences for this document, it also contains sufficient context and guidance for those in industry who will ultimately be implementing the national requirements that will be introduced (UN, 2003). The Japanese government published their official Japanese GHS version, the first in Asia, in April 2004 after starting work in January 2003 based on an interministerial chemical coordination committee involving 7 ministries, including the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Ministry of Health, Labour, and Welfare, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transport, and Ministry of Environment (MOE, 2004). Accordingly, similar to the Japanese GHS efforts, this paper presents the interministerial efforts involved in publishing the official Korean GHS version.

• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.239-248
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• 2010

本文阐述了产业和学术之间的合作项目. 这个合作项目关注美国东北部的一家大型地区连锁百货商店的两个自有品牌服装的营销和产品开发战略发展. 这个项目的目标是通过和学生的想法的合作来振兴产品线. 从而给学生提供真实产业环境中的实践经验. 这个项目中有很多关键者. 在美国东北部的一家私有连锁百货商店为已有的两个自有服装品牌寻求一个学术伙伴. 他们的目标客户是追求休闲, 适中价格的中年消费者. 这个公司想要改变包装和展示的方向, 甚至是产品的设计. 公司的品牌和产品开发部门联系东北一个州立大学的学术部门的教授. 有两位教授认为这个项目非常适合他们的课程-一个是初级的媒介品牌管理课程; 一个是高级的时装产品开发课程. 这些教授认为通过合作项目, 学生在安全的学术学习环境中能进入一个真实的工作场景中在一个多学科协作团队, 提供超出一个学生的能力, 经验和资源优势, 并增加了解决问题的过程中的 "智囊" (Lowman 2000). 这种提高学生的能力目标的方向让每班教师去组织品牌和产品开发类的跨学科团队. 此外, 许多大学都聘请科研和教学的产业伙伴关系, 协作的时间(学期)和环境(教室/实验室)的约束有助于提高学生的知识和对现实世界的经验. 在田纳西大学, 产业服务中心和UT-Knoxville's 工学院和一家公司合作来发展它们美国公司的的设计进步. 本研究中, 因为是和一个自有商标零售品牌, Wickett, Gaskill 和Damhorst's (1999) 指出产品开发和品牌管理团队使用的零售服装产品开发模型. 之所以选择这个框架是因为它从零售这个角度强调了服饰产品开发. 两个班级参与了这个项目: 一个初级品牌管理班级和一个高级时装产品开发班级. 7个团队包括四名学习品牌管理的学生和两名学习产品开发的学生. 这两个课程在同一个学期但是不同的时间. 在学期开始的时候, 每个班级都被介绍给了产业合作伙伴并接受了问题. 一半的团队指定为男士品牌, 另一半是女士品牌. 这些小组负责制定解决问题的方法, 制定自己的工作时间表, 在与业界代表保持接触, 并确保每个小组成员以积极的方式负责任. 这些小组的目标是通过用销售规划进程来计划, 发展和展示一条产品线(遵循Wickett, Gaskill和Damhorst 模型) 并为这条产品线发展新的品牌战略. 这些小组展示了趋势, 色彩, 面料和目标市场调查; 制定一个产品线的草图;编辑了草图, 介绍他们的执行计划书写说明书, 配上合适的模型并最终开发生产样品. 品牌班的学生完成了SWOT分析, 品牌测量研究报告, 品牌心智图和完整综合的营销报告. 这些报告在介绍新产品线时同时发表. 将来如果有更多这样的协作机会而且公司希望同时考虑品牌和产品开发战略, 那么课程应该定在相同的时间, 这样学生有更多的时间在一起讨论时间表和被分配的任务. 像上面的任务, 学生不得不每堂课之外的时间见面. 这使得团队工作变得具有挑战性(Pfaff和Huddleston, 2003). 虽然这项工作的后勤是费时设立和管理, 但教授认为对学生的好处是多种多样的. 根据两堂课的学生的回复, 最重要的好处是和产业专业人士一起工作的机会, 跟进他们的进程, 并看到公司里做决定级别的高层对他们作品的评估. 教员们都感激有一个 "真实的世界" 的案例. 制定的创意和战略扩大和加强了品牌和产品开发两个部门的联系. 通过和来自不同知识领域的学生一起工作并且和产业伙伴联系, 遵守产业活动的框架和时间表, 学生小组在新的环境中完成优秀创新的作品是具有挑战性的. 在产品开发和为 "现实生活" 品牌的品牌工作, 这些品牌都在努力给学生一个机会, 看看他们的课程是如何紧密的与现实世界联系, 以及公司运营中设计和商业方面如何需要创造性, 协作和灵活性. 行业人员对(a)学生的知识水平和深度以及执行力, (b)品牌的新思路的创造性产生了深刻的印象.

• 한국전자거래학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.45-65
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• 2013

타겟 오브젝트의 복잡도가 높아질수록 디자인 파일의 사이즈도 커질 것이다. 이러한 큰 파일은 클라우드 시스템 같은 거대한 병렬 저장 시스템에 저장되고 수많은 디자이너들이 동시에 이 파일에 접속하여 디자인 작업을 수행하게 될 것이다. 이러한 경우 필연적으로 각 사용자가 정해진 파일 내 위치에서만 작업하도록 하는 제어 장치가 필요하게 될 것이다. 이 제어 장치에는 두 가지 접근 방법이 가능하다. 하나는 Role-Based Access Control(RBAC) 등의 전통적인 접근 제어 방법이고 다른 하나는 암호화 방법이다. 본 논문은 두 번째 방법을 택하되 파일이 각 레이어에 따라 다르게 암호화 되어 각 사용자가 자신의 레이어에서만 작업을 할 수 있도록 하는 기법을 제안하고 있다. 파일의 각 레이어의 키 역시 그 레이어를 접근할 수 있는 사용자만 복호화할 수 있는 형태로 암호화되어 저장된다. 본 논문은 이러한 목표를 이루기 위한 파일 포맷을 제시하며 그 파일을 다룰 수 있는 API 함수를 제시하고 설명한다.