• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2008

Different types of milk products, such as kwacha golla, mawa, cheese, curd, and chocolate are popular in Bangladesh. However, the microbiological safety of these products is poorly understood. This study was performed to assess the microbiological quality of kwacha golla, a local milk product. Kwacha golla samples were collected from ten different areas of Rajshahi and Kushtia regions, and the quality of the each sample was assessed using various parameters including standard plate count, total coliform, fecal coliform, total fungi, and spore-forming bacteria, as well as food-borne microorganisms. Out of 300 samples, total coliform was detected at 56.66% (n= 300), exceeding the minimum allowable limit of 36.66%. Similarly, experiments were carried out with fungi and food-borne pathogens including Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella sp., and Staphylococcus aureus. Results revealed 85.33, 53, and 49.33% of the samples were contaminated by fungi, E. coli, and L. monocytogenes, respectively. However, all samples showed no contaminations of Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus sp. Therefore, this study could be helpful to the people of Bangladesh by providing information on the possibility of a major health problem caused by the consumption of kwacha golla.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.534-539
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• 2013

To secure the biological safety of live fish and shellfish for raw consumption, the germicidal effects of electrolyzed seawater were evaluated. Upon direct exposure to electrolyzed seawater, coliform group bacteria were killed and decreased to undetectable levels after 1 day. The physicochemical characteristics of the seawater were stable during the test period. A byproduct of chlorine disinfection, trihalomethane, was not generated by the electrolysis of seawater. Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection in a live fish was effectively resolved by electrolyzed seawater and became undetectable after 12-36 h of treatment. Bioaccumulation of coliform group and fecal coliform bacteria in live oysters Crassostrea gigas was removed within 18 h of treatment. This study demonstrated that electrolyzed seawater is an effective and safe germicidal agent for the traditional retail market and can help to prevent outbreaks of foodborne disease associated with the consumption of raw fish and shellfish.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.50-57
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• 1994

Densities of total and injured coliforms in treated water( TW ) and three tap water salt pies( Taps Kl, K2 and K3) of Ku- eui water treatment plant and one tap water sample( Tap T) of Tuk- do water treatment plant were measured 23 times from 1991 to 1992. Coliform regrowth in the water distribution system occurred three times during the study period. When the regrowth episode occurred, injured coliforms were always but total coliforms were not always detected in treated water. Mean densities of total coliforms in TW, and Taps Kl, K2, K3 and T were 0.8, 2.3, 1.9, 1.4 and 2.1 cfu/100mℓ by membrane filtration method using m- TF agar and those of injured coliforms were 3.4, 2.8, 2.5, 2.7 and 2.9 c1u/100mℓ using mondo- LES agar. The injury rates of TW and Taps Kl, K2, K3 and T were 89.5,77.4,67.9, 82.8 and 75.9%, respectively. The high injury rate of coliform bacteria in Seoul water supply can cause regrowth problems in distribution systems due to the repair of injured cells under an appropriate condition. It is recommended the injured coliforms should be measured in drinking water since they can lead to a significant underestimation of total coliforms and result in an inaccurate evaluation of the potential health risks.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.111-118
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate nutritional adequacy and microbiological quality of foods served in day-care centers, and to provide basic information and guidelines for the development of computerized standardized recipes and microbiological quality control program. Assessment was conducted for four day-care certers selected from each of the four groups categorized in the basic survey. Nutritional balance and amount of consumption of the food was calculated and microbiological analysis was conducted. The results of the study showed the followings: the nutritional assessment of food served in day-care centers indicated that energy and nutrients contents of foods were below the recommended level (RDA/3), except the case of a university day-care center; the percentage of leftovers for soups and vegetables was high, but that for a la carte was low; fecal coliform was not found in any of samples, however, the number of coliform in the salted Korean radish and salad was higher than guideline for microbial acceptability; the number of coliform checked from the surface of the cutting board was higher than acceptable level in most day-care centers.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.51-62
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• 1989

This survey was performed to investigate contamination degree and significance in each item of 406 samples of ground water, which was collected in Seoul area from Jan. to Dec. 1988. The results of this study were as follows 1. The unsuitable rate of ground water investigated was 69.7%(32.4% in only bacteria, 23.6% in both bacteria and physico-chemistry and 13.6% in only physico-chemical contamination). 2. The unsuitable rate in each item was the highest(54.2%) in standard plate countland 29.8% in coliform, 12.8% in turbidity, 11.3% in Zn, and 10.8% in Mn. 3. The total mean concentrations in each item were lower than standard except standard plate count, coliform, and Fe. 4. In the analysis of corelation, among items, both total hardness and residual solids were showed very high correlationship (P < 0.01) with other items, and both S.P.C. and coliform showed very highly significant (P < 0.01) with NH$_3$-N.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.48-52
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• 1976

A study was carried out to investigate the sanitary condition of 107 wells in Jungil Ri, Kyunggi province and Daeso Ri, Choongbuck province, from July 1, to August 30, 1975. In this study, coliform groups were examined by the membrane filter method as well as general sanitary condition, pH value, ammonia nitrogen, hardness and water temperature. The following results were obtained: 1. Average value of general sanitary condition in the wells were 15$\circ$C in temperature, pH 6.4, hardness 124ppm and Cl ion 34ppm. 2. Coliform group was positive at all out of 30 open wells and 33 out of 45 pumped wells, while only 7 out of 32 tap water in the simple typed water supply system showed the evidence of coliform groups. 3. The positive rate of ammonia nitrogen revealed 13% out of 107 wells and that of nitrite nitrogen was 36.4% and 6 wells rate of 5.6% were ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen positive at same time. 4. Colflorin group positive of 32 tap water in the simple typed water supply system 3(27%) out of 11 samples with no residual chlorine, 3(17%) out of 17 with 0.1 to 0.5ppm, 1 out of 3 with 0.6 to 1.0 ppm and none out of 1 with 1.1 to 1.5 ppm.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.33-40
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• 1981

In order to clarify the morphological changes in the mammary glands of cows affected with coliform (Escherichia coli) mastitis, histopathological observations were undertaken on the mastitis of the lactating rabbits which was experimentally induced with E. coli or its endotoxin isolated from cases of acute and chronic matitis in dairy cattle. In the bacterial suspension-infused groups the affected quarters of udder showed cloudy swelling, hyperemia and hemorrhage to local necrosis and firmness. The microscopic findings of early stage of the mastitis were appearance of large numbers of heterophils in the glandular lumina and ducts accompanied by degeneration, necrosis and desquamation of epithelial cells, and also infiltration of heterophils, hemorrhage and edema in the interstitial tissue, and destruction of alveoli. Later, proliferation of firoblasts, plasma cells, lymphocytes, eosinophils and histiocytes appeared in the glandular tissue and necrotic foci of glandular tissue were surrounded by highly proliferated connective tissue. Granuloma-like inflammatory changes could be observed in the glandular tissue on the 7th days after infusion. The inflammatory response in the group infused with E. coli strain isolated from the natural case of acute mastitis was rapid and severe as compared with that of chronic mastitis. In the endotoxin-infused group the morphological changes were similiar to those of the bacterial suspension-infused groups.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.350-358
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• 2015

이 연구는 패류가 다량으로 양식되고 있는 남해안 일부해역 해수의 세균학적 위생안전성을 평가하기 위하여 조사해역 내에 영향을 줄 수 있다고 판단되는 해수 14곳을 선정하여 2014년 3월부터 10월까지 총 6차례 조사를 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 해수는 수온이 평균 $21.2^{\circ}C$, 염분농도는 32.43‰, pH는 7.92, 용존산소는 7.83 mg/L으로 조사되어 우리나라 수질환경기준으로 볼 때 1등급으로 조사되었다. 전도도는 44,600 us/cm, 탁도는 1.93 NTU로 조사되었다. 남해안 일부 조사해역 해수의 위생학적 안전성을 조사한 결과 대장균군은 평균 < 1.8~790 MPN/100 mL, 90번째 값이 168.1 MPN/100 mL, 기하학적 평균이 12.8 MPN/100 mL으로 나타났고, 분변계대장균은 < 1.8~790 MPN/100 mL, 90번째 값이 50.5 MPN/100 mL, 기하학적 평균값이 6.5 MPN/100 mL로 조사되어 정착성 수산물 생산해역 위생관리기준 중 청정해역의 기하학적 평균 기준치인 14 MPN/100 mL를 넘지 않아 청정해역으로 나타났다. 그러나 5월과 7월에 43 MPN/100 mL를 초과하는 시료가 35.7%와 28.6%로 KSSP 기준치인 10%를 초과하여 계절에 따라서 다소 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 조사해역은 폐쇄성 내 만으로 적은 오염원에도 크게 영향을 받을 수 있으므로 계절에 따라서 철저한 해역의 관리가 요구되었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.696-700
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• 2009

대장균군 및 대장균의 정성실험에 건조필름을 이용할 수 있는지를 평가하였다. 대장균군의 정성실험에 있어서 lactose broth 배양법의 경우는 검출율이 가장 높은데 반하여 비교적 선택성이 낮고, 검출에 48시간이 소요되며, 실험 시마다 배지를 제조하여야 하는 등 번거로운 조작을 필요로 하였다. Desoxycholate lactose agar 평판배양법의 경우는 검출율이 건조필름보다 다소 높지만 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않는 정도이며, 실험시마다 배지를 제조하여 적당한 온도로 식혀서 분주하여야 하는 등 번거로운 조작을 필요로 하였다. 반면에 건조필름을 사용 할 경우는 검출율이 다소 낮지만 시료액의 균체농도가 1 cfu/$m{\ell}$ 이상에서는 E. coli KCCM11234의 경우 34.3%, E. aerogenes KCCM12177의 경우 67.4%, K. pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae KCCM40890의 경우 58.3%의 검출율을 보이므로, 최대 3개의 배지에 접종하여 실험할 경우 시료 중에 대장균군의 존재 여부를 확인할 수 있는 수준이며, 선택성이 높고, 별다른 준비나 조작을 필요로 하지 않으므로 쉽게 대장균군을 검출하는데 사용할 수 있었다. 대장균의 정성실험에 있어서 EC broth 배양법은 검출율은 높으나 선택성이 떨어지며 실험조작이 번거로운 반면 건조필름법은 검출율이 다소 낮다. 시료액의 균체농도가 1 cfu/$m{\ell}$이상에서는 37.1%의 검출율을 보이므로 3개의 배지에 접종하여 실험할 경우 시료 중에 대장균의 존재 여부를 확인할 수 있는 수준이며, 선택성이 높고, 별다른 준비나 조작을 필요로 하지 않으므로 쉽게 대장균을 검출하는데 사용할 수 있었다. 단지 건조필름법은 균주에 대한 선택성이 높아서 손상된 균체의 검출이 어려웠으며 손상된 균체가 증식하는데 보다 많은 시간이 소요되므로 정확한 실험을 위해서는 대략 36시간 정도의 배양이 필요하였다. 전반적인 상황으로 판단해 볼 때 건조필름은 대장균군 및 대장균의 정성실험을 행하는데 있어서 현장에서도 손쉽게 실시할 수 있는 방법으로 기존의 방법을 대체하여 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1216-1221
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• 2012

재배과정, 수확, 가공 및 유통 단계에서 당귀의 미생물적 위해요소를 조사하였다. 뿌리, 토양 및 관개수를 포함한 111개의 시료가 생산과정과 유통과정에서 호기성균, B. cereus, coliform, E. coli, L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., 와 S. aureus를 조사하기 위해 수집하였다. 재배과정에서 당귀의 뿌리에서 일반세균수는 6.71 log CFU $g^{-1}$ 수준으로 검출되었으며, 대장균군은 4.13 log CFU $g^{-1}$, B. cereus는 3.54 log CFU $g^{-1}$ 수준으로 확인되었다. 수확에서 가공 단계까지 모든 가공 과정에서 대장균군과 B. cereus의 오염을 확인할 수 있었으며, 절단 과정에서 미생물오염도가 높게 확인 되었다. 유통과정 중인 당귀에서 일반세균수는 5.6~6.0 log CFU $g^{-1}$, 대장균군은 2.4~2.6 log CFU $g^{-1}$, B. cereus는 5.4~6.0 log CFU $g^{-1}$ 수준으로 검출되었다. 모든 시료에서 L. monocytogenes, Salmonella spp., S. aureus는 검출되지 않았다. 이러한 결과는 유해미생물의 오염을 감소시키고, 안전한 농산물을 생산하기 위하여 위생적인 토양관리 및 수확 후 관리가 수행되어야 하는 것을 의미한다.