• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.366-374
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• 2019

This study aims to analyze the characteristics of ventilation corridor and propose its utilization strategies in Jeonju city in order to discuss how to utilize urban ventilation corridors as a planning factor for reducing heat wave impact and fine particle pollution. For these purposes, cold air characteristics such as cold air flow and height of cold air in Jeonju area located in the Honam Jeongmaek were analyzed and major ventilation corridors were specified. Based on them, we proposed mountain management strategies for securing and utilizing ventilation corridors. We used KALM (Kaltluftabflussmodell), a cold air simulation model developed in Germany and identified both the cold air flow and the height of cold air layer generated during 6 hours at night. As a result, the cold air flow generated in the forests located in the northeast and east sides of the Jeonju city became clear and the height of cold air layer increased in the valley terrain and farmland areas with time. In particular, Jeonju City has an ideal structure of urban ventilation corridor. Based on the results, the area where the cold air generation is active was designated as the 'cold air conservation area', and the area requiring the management for the good cold air flow was as the 'cold air management area'. This study is expected to be used as basic data of policy making and research for reducing heat wave impact and fine particle pollution such as climate change adaptation policy and urban forest plans for ventilation corridor composition.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.602-605
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• 2001

Low-temperature adaptation and protection for environmental stresses were studied in the gram-negative soil bacterium Bradyrhizobium japonicum 61A101c. B. japonicum was more resistant to alcohol, $H_2O_2$, heat and freezing following a pretreatment at $4^{\circ}C$, resulting in approximately 10 to 1,000 folds increased survival compared to mid-exponential-phase cells grown at an optimal temperature at $28^{\circ}C$. This phenomena relate to the cold shock protein expressed when cells are exposed to a downshift in temperature. To confirm the presence of cold shock protein genes in B. japonicum, a PCR strategy was employed using a degenerate primer set, which successfully amplified a putative csp gene fragment. Sequence analysis of the PCR product(200bp) revealed csp-like sequences that were up to 96% identical to csp gene of S. typhimurium.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.387-402
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• 2013

A dynamic load protocol has been used to experimentally simulate fatigue behavior in cold-formed metal panels with screwed connections under wind loading. The specific protocol adopted is an adaptation of SIDGERS, originally developed for non-metallic membranes, which is composed of levels each under increasing load values. A total of 19 tests were performed on 3.35 m long by 0.91 m wide panels, identified as Type B-wide rib and Type E, both with screw connections at the edge and at the center, thus conforming two-span specimens. In some configurations the panels were fixed at the valleys, whereas crest-fixed connections were also investigated. Reinforcing the connections by means of washers was also investigated to evaluate their efficiency in improving fatigue capacity. The experimental results show maximum load capacities in improved connections with washers of approximately twice of those with classical connections.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.265-267
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• 1998

Cattle in Alaska seemed to be tolerant to low blood selenium (Se) although arctic winter energy demands might exacerbate oxidative damage to tissues lacking protection by Se. The thermogenic properities of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the long cold adaptation period for Alaskan cattle indicates that they might develop BAT. Eighteen mature beef cows with whole blood Se of< 19 ppb were used to examine possible relation-ships among Se deficiency, tissue lesions, and observable BAT. All cows were wintered on a diet low in Se and nine cows were given supplemental Se provided by intraruminal bolus. Blood Se was elevated (p < .05) from November through February by supplemental Se, but body weight and back fat thickness were unaffected (p < .10). Tissues were taken from two Se deficient cows, two cows supplemented with Se, and two cows given large doses of Se (300 mg by injection) four weeks before slaughter. Histopathological examination of 187 samples of fat (7 to 55 from each cow) showed no observable amount of BAT. Examination of other tissues showed no lesions attributable to Se deficiency.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.342.1-342.1
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• 2007

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• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.29 no.7
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• pp.773-784
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• 2020

In order to protect the lives and property of citizens, the central and local governments are responding by enacting municipal ordinances and regulations as the frequency of extreme weather conditions due to climate change increases and intensity increases gradually. Accordingly, the basic contents and strategies of domestic and foreign policies to cope with cold and heat waves were reviewed, referring to measures suitable for application to the Daegu metropolitan area. In addition, it is intended to provide a policy alternative to Daegu metropolitan area to minimize damage from extreme weather by identifying the current status, characteristics, and future prospects of extreme weather in Daegu metropolitan area. Since the damage caused by the cold wave in Daegu area is not as great as that of other regions, it is urgent to come up with cold wave measures for the health and transportation sectors, and to come up with measures against the heat wave as the damage caused by the heat wave is the most serious in the country. Also we will identify spatial characteristics so that the districts and counties with high vulnerability to extreme weather can be identified and implemented first, and present civic life-oriented facilities and civic action guidelines to overcome cold and heat waves.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.371-379
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• 1988

To investigate on the biochemical characteristics of myofibrillar proteins between cold(pollack, salmon) and warm current fish (yellow corbina, shark), myofibrils and actomyosin were prepared, and their biological activities, effect of temperature on the myofibrillar ATPase activities and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic patterns of myofibrils were compared. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic analysis showed that electrophoretic patterns of myofibril vary from fish to fish. Difference in KCl concentration dependency of myofibrillar ATPase activities and ATPase activity- pH curve were found among fish species. Myofibrillar proteins from cold current fish showed higher specific activity at low temperature $(5^{\circ}C-10^{\circ}C)$ than those from warm current fish.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.67-74
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• 1974

The object of this research is aimed to determine the activity of adenyl cyclase in both skeletal muscle sarcolemma and fat cell ghost of epididymal adipose tissue isolated from rats exposed to cold for various length of time in an attempt to evaluate whether the tissue sensitivity to catecholamine is increased when rats are exposed to cold for long periods of time Methods: a)Animals: Albino rats ranging in weight from 150 to 200 gm were used throughout this study. For experimental purposes, the rats are divided into two groups: experimental animals were place4 in a cold room at $4^{\circ}C$, controls being kept at $25^{\circ}C$. At the end of 2, 4, 6, 12, and 16 weeks. exposure to cold the rats were used to measure the adenyl cyclase activity. b) Isolation of plasma membrane from skeletal muscle and adipose tissue: The Plasma membrane of skeletal muscle from hind limbs of rats are prepared by the method employed by Rosenthal et at. and fat cell ghost of epididymal adipose tissue of rats by the method employed by Rodbell. c) Adenyl cyclase assay: Adenyl cyclase activity were measured by the method employed by Marinetti et al. Briefly, plasma membrane was incubated with $3^H-ATP$, various amount of noradrenaline and other incubation mixture at $37^{\circ}C$ for 20 minutes. After stopping the enzyme reaction by immersion in boiling water, carrier 3',5'-AMP was added to the system as a marker and $100\;{\mu}1$ aliquots of incubation mixture were pipetted on $20{\time}20$ Whatman No. 3 MM filter paper for one dimensional chromatography. The cyclic AMP spots were cut off and placed in counting vials containing 10ml of Bray's scintillation cocktail. Radioactivity was determined with a Packard Tri-Carb liquid scintillation counter. The enzyme activity is expressed as nanomoles of cyclic AMP produced per mg of membrane per hour. Result: 1. Average adenyl cyclase activity in the plasma membrane of skeletal muscle before and after noradrenaline administration was significantly higher in the cold-exposed rats as compared to the control. Continuous exposure to cold Produced an increased adenyl cyclase activity before and after noradrenaline administration. Adenyl cyclase activity reached peak levels at the 6 weeks exposure to told and level of adenyl cyclase activity remained high. Noradrenaline administration to the incubation medium induced a significant increase in adenyl cyclase activity and the degree of stimulation were proportional to the hormonal concentration But the rate of inclement in adenyl cyclase activity by noradreasline was the same in both groups. 2. Adenyl cyclase activity in fat cell ghost between cold exposed and control rats showed no significant differences before and after noradreualine administration. In summary, it can be concluded that cold adaptation give rise an increased activity of adenyl cyclase in plasma membrane of skeletal muscle in rats.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.2508-2512
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• 2012

Cold shock proteins (CSPs) are a family of proteins induced at low temperatures. CSPs bind to single-stranded nucleic acids through the ribonucleoprotein 1 and 2 (RNP 1 and 2) binding motifs. CSPs play an essential role in cold adaptation by regulating transcription and translation via molecular chaperones. The solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or X-ray crystal structures of several CSPs from various microorganisms have been determined, but structural characteristics of psychrophilic CSPs have not been studied. Therefore, we optimized the purification process to obtain highly pure Lm-Csp and determined the three-dimensional structure model of Lm-Csp by comparative homology modeling using MODELLER on the basis of the solution NMR structure of Bs-CspB. Lm-Csp consists of a ${\beta}$-barrel structure, which includes antiparallel ${\beta}$ strands (G4-N10, F15-I18, V26-H29, A46-D50, and P58-Q64). The template protein, Bs-CspB, shares a similar ${\beta}$ sheet structure and an identical chain fold to Lm-Csp. However, the sheets in Lm-Csp were much shorter than those of Bs-CspB. The Lm-Csp side chains, E2 and R20 form a salt bridge, thus, stabilizing the Lm-Csp structure. To evaluate the contribution of this ionic interaction as well as that of the hydrophobic patch on protein stability, we investigated the secondary structures of wild type and mutant protein (W8, F15, and R20) of Lm-Csp using circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The results showed that solvent-exposed aromatic side chains as well as residues participating in ionic interactions are very important for structural stability. Further studies on the three-dimensional structure and dynamics of Lm-Csp using NMR spectroscopy are required.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1087-1092
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• 2009

From the environmental adaptation point of view, the clothing habits made by the thermal sensation and clothing weight of elderly women have changed according to the thermal sensation and health condition. The purpose of this study was to obtain the basic data for developing healthy and comfortable clothing for elderly women. Clothing weight, thermal sensation, clothing microclimate, resistance to cold and heat of 198 elderly women in Taejeon were surveyed from October 9, 2007 to October 19, 2007. 1. Clothing weight per body surface area was $830.4g/m^2$ of total clothing weight, $242.8g/m^2$ of underwear clothing weight, $617.3g/m^2$ of outerwear clothing weight, $419.8g/m^2$ of upper clothing weight, and $420.4g/m^2$ of lower clothing weight. 2. More than 90% of the respondents replied that they felt comfortable when the temperature inside the clothing was $33.5^{\circ}C$ and humidity inside the clothing was 30.2%. 3. The elderly women were more sensible to cold than to hot, those who felt cold had a tendency to wear heavier clothing. 4. The appeal rate for physical pain of older and lower income people, especially those with an income under 1,000,000 won, was higher than that of others. On the other hand, the lower the subjective economic level, the younger they were, and the more the monthly average income was, the higher the rate of mental pain. 5. The heavier the total clothing weight was, the higher the appeal rate for general pain.